管理類聯(lián)考考研英語(yǔ)二外刊選讀（3）

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Working Too Hard Could Be Harmful to You

題材：工作類

出處：Inc. (美國(guó)商業(yè)報(bào)刊)

字?jǐn)?shù)：515 words

[1] A lot of media attention over the years has focused on the harmful effects of working long hours. The tragic fate of a woman in Japan who died last year of overwork--a phenomenon known as “karoshi”, in Japanese--is just another high-profile example that has circulated in the news.

【多年來(lái)，許多媒體關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)都集中在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的有害影響上。去年，日本一名女性因過(guò)度勞累而死亡，這一現(xiàn)象在日語(yǔ)中被稱為“過(guò)勞死”——這只是新聞中流傳的另一個(gè)引人注目的例子?！?/p>

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】

high-profile /?ha? ?pr??fa?l/ adj. 引人注目的;經(jīng)常出鏡(或見(jiàn)報(bào))的

circulate /?s??kj?le?t/ v. 傳播;流傳;(液體或氣體)環(huán)流，循環(huán)

[2] This is not unique to Japan: Logging excessive hours at work is ingrained in the work culture of the West, as well. From Bay Area startups to sprawling multinationals, the ethos at many companies is still centered around how many hours you can clock at work. There is a powerful assumption underlying this ethos too: That the more hours you put into your job, the more you’ll get out of it by way of recognition, compensation, and opportunities for advancement within the organization.

【這并不是日本獨(dú)有的現(xiàn)象：長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作在西方的工作文化中也根深蒂固。從舊金山灣區(qū)的初創(chuàng)公司到龐大的跨國(guó)公司，許多公司的理念仍然圍繞著你可以工作多少個(gè)小時(shí)。這種理念背后也有一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的假設(shè)：你在工作中投入的時(shí)間越多，你就會(huì)從工作中獲得更多的認(rèn)可、薪酬以及在組織內(nèi)晉升的機(jī)會(huì)。】

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】

log /l?ɡ/ v. 記錄;行駛，行進(jìn)(若干距離或時(shí)間)

ingrained /?n?ɡre?nd/ adj. (習(xí)慣、態(tài)度等)根深蒂固的

startup /?stɑ?t?p/ n. 新創(chuàng)辦的小公司

sprawling /?spr??l??/ adj. 蔓延的

multinational /?m?lti?n??n?l/ n. 跨國(guó)公司;adj. 跨國(guó)的

ethos /?i?θ?s/ n. (某一團(tuán)體或某類活動(dòng)的) 理念

assumption /??s?mp?n/ n. 假定，假設(shè)

recognition /?rek?ɡ?n??n/ n. 承認(rèn);認(rèn)可;識(shí)別

compensation /?k?mpen?se??n/ n. 補(bǔ)償物;賠償

[3] A new study by a pair of business school professors in Europe challenge this assumption, however. From their analysis of nearly 52,000 people from 36 European countries, they concluded that it’s not just the number of hours you clock at the office, but how intensely you work during those hours, that affects your satisfaction at work and opportunities for advancement.

【然而，歐洲兩位商學(xué)院教授的一項(xiàng)新研究質(zhì)疑了這一假設(shè)。他們對(duì)來(lái)自36個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家的近5.2萬(wàn)人進(jìn)行了分析，得出的結(jié)論是，影響你工作滿意度和晉升機(jī)會(huì)的不僅僅是你在辦公室工作的時(shí)間，還有你在這些時(shí)間里工作的強(qiáng)度?！?/p>

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】

challenge /?t??l?nd?/ v. 對(duì)……懷疑;拒絕接受;向(某人)挑戰(zhàn) n. 挑戰(zhàn);艱巨任務(wù)

intensely /?n?tensli/ adv. 強(qiáng)烈地

【長(zhǎng)難句分析】

From their analysis of nearly 52,000 people from 36 European countries, they concluded that it’s not just the number of hours you clock at the office, but how intensely you work during those hours, that affects your satisfaction at work and opportunities for advancement.

主句：they concluded that…

賓語(yǔ)從句：it’s not…but…that affects your satisfaction at work and satisfaction at work and opportunities for advancement. (it is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分)

定語(yǔ)從句：you clock at the office(修飾前面的the number of hours)

表語(yǔ)從句：how intensely you work during those hours (承前省略了it’s)

[4] By comparing people in similar jobs and education levels, researchers found they were more likely to “suffer poorer wellbeing and inferior career prospects, including satisfaction, security and promotion, when they worked at an intense level for long periods.”

【通過(guò)對(duì)工作和教育水平相近的人進(jìn)行比較，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他們長(zhǎng)期高強(qiáng)度工作時(shí)，他們更有可能感受到更差的幸福感和更差的職業(yè)前景，包括滿足感、安全感和晉升。】

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】

wellbeing /?w?l?bi???/ n. 幸福

inferior /?n?f??ri?(r)/ adj. 較差的;次的

security /s??kj??r?ti/ n. 安全感;保安措施

promotion /pr??m???n/ n. 提拔;晉升

[5] Hans Frankort, a senior lecturer in strategy at Cass Business School and co-author of the report, told The Financial Times the research suggests the “career benefits of excessive work effort--longer hours or harder work than typical in one’s occupation--may never materialize.”

【卡斯商學(xué)院(Cass Business School)戰(zhàn)略高級(jí)講師、該報(bào)告的合著者漢斯·弗蘭克特(Hans Frankort)告訴英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》，這項(xiàng)研究表明，“過(guò)度工作帶來(lái)的職業(yè)利益——比職業(yè)中的工作時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)或更辛苦——可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。”】

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】

excessive /?k?ses?v/ adj. 過(guò)分的;過(guò)度的

typical /?t?p?kl/ adj. 典型的，有代表性的

materialize /m??t??ri?la?z/ v. 實(shí)現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，成為現(xiàn)實(shí)

[6] Employers and government should try to reduce work intensity rather than try to control excessive hours, the authors concluded. “Employers and policymakers focus a lot on the latter, but compared with overtime, work intensity predicts much greater reductions in wellbeing and career-related outcomes,” Frankort told The Financial Times.

【作者總結(jié)道，雇主和政府應(yīng)該盡量減少工作強(qiáng)度，而不是過(guò)度延長(zhǎng)工作時(shí)間。弗蘭克特告訴英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》：“雇主和決策者非常關(guān)注后者，但與加班相比，工作強(qiáng)度預(yù)示著幸福感和職業(yè)相關(guān)成果的下降幅度更大?！薄?/p>

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】

rather than 而不是

outcome /?a?tk?m/ n. 結(jié)果，效果

[7] For employees, there is a range of things they can do to ensure they’re working smarter, and not just harder. Beth Belle Cooper, a former content creator at Buffer, the social media scheduling app, suggests taking more breaks to refresh your mind and reset your attention span. She also recommends taking naps, which she says not only help to consolidate new information in the brain, but also helps you avoid burnout.

【對(duì)于員工而言，他們可以做一系列事情來(lái)確保更好的工作效果，而不僅僅是更努力。社交媒體調(diào)度應(yīng)用程序Buffer的前內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作者貝絲·貝勒·庫(kù)珀建議，多休息一下，清醒一下頭腦，重置注意力范圍。她還建議小睡，她說(shuō)，小睡不僅有助于鞏固大腦中的新信息，還可以幫助你避免倦怠?！?/p>

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】

a range of 一系列

refresh /r??fre?/ v. 使清爽，使精神振作

reset /?ri??set/ v. 調(diào)整，重新設(shè)置

consolidate /k?n?s?l?de?t/ v. 使加強(qiáng)，使鞏固

burnout /?b??na?t/ n. 筋疲力盡;過(guò)度勞累

[8] You might also consider completely unplugging from work more consistently, and for longer periods of time. This is what Sean McCabe and his small team of content creators does when they take a week-long sabbatical every seventh week.

【你也可以考慮更穩(wěn)定地、更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地完全脫離工作。這就是肖恩·麥凱布和他的內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作者團(tuán)隊(duì)在每七周休一周假時(shí)所做的事情?！?/p>

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】

unplug /?n?pl?ɡ/ v. 拔去……的電源插頭

sabbatical /s??b?t?kl/ n. (大學(xué)教師等的) 休假

[9] “Taking a seventh week off has just been revolutionary. It has changed everything for me. I cannot imagine my life without it...I have no idea how we used to work as hard as we did for six weeks and not stop, have no end in sight, no breaks, no checkpoints, no milestones, no steps back, and no chance to re-evaluate where we are and what we’re focusing on.”

【“第七周的休假是革命性的。它改變了我的一切。我無(wú)法想象沒(méi)有它的生活……我不知道我們過(guò)去是如何工作六周，而且不停下來(lái)，看不到盡頭，沒(méi)有休息，沒(méi)有考核，沒(méi)有成就，沒(méi)有復(fù)盤，也沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)重新評(píng)估我們現(xiàn)在的位置和我們正在關(guān)注的事情?！薄?/p>

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】

revolutionary /?rev??lu???n?ri/ adj. 革命的

checkpoint /?t?ekp??nt/ n.(邊防)檢查站;邊防關(guān)卡

milestone /?ma?lst??n/ n. 轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn);里程碑

step back 退一步(思考)

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