2009年復(fù)旦大學(xué)考博英語真題

2009 年復(fù)旦大學(xué)博士研究生入學(xué)考試因英語試題

Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15%):

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B, C and D, Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.

1. In my Opinion, a good deal of the for their success must go to John Francis, the captain.

A. reputation  B. respect C. credit D. compliment

2. It had been an abominable afternoon, at about Six O'clock in her father's sudden

collapse into sub-consciousness.

A. pitching B. rising C. soaring D. culminating

3. Mary was a shy Woman and took behind a rather forbidding bluntness of manner.

A. refuge B. kindness C. fright D. appearance

4. You can't count on him; he's liable to____________out when things become difficult.

A. be B. let C. take        D opt

5. As they entered the village shop, the old lady behind the counter ________ at them kindly.

A. beamed B. glared C. grimaced D. peeped

6. The outlying island that belongs to this______ metropolis is an oasis where green prevails and traditions hold fast.

A. bustling B. whistling C. ruffling         D. rustling

7. The aim of making self-criticism for the mistake is to help us ______ so that we shall not repeat them later.

A. show off       B. hold out   C. measure up        D. sober up

8. The famous writer was born in Herbamsted, which was _______ town to be on the map.

A. too a small B. a too small C. a small too D. too small a

9. The young man was at the_______ of his career when he was killed in a car accident.

A. zenith B. glamour C. bloom D. blossom

10. _______ nothing more to say, the man got to his feet, said goodbye and left the room.

A. There was B. As there being C. Being D. There being

11. We hadn’t met for nearly 20 years, but I recognized him _____ I saw him in the street.

A. the minute that                          B. the minute when

C. at a time when                           D. at a time that

12. I know of no other qualities than thinking which makes for the perfection of the mind it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts

A. in case B. providing that

C. for all that D. inasmuch as

13. The sheep were huddled into a to protect them from overnight frosts.

A. hutch B. pen C. cage D. kennel

14. We had to take the front door off its to get this desk in to the house.

A. joints B. hinges C. boards D. axles

15. Cream is a yellowish oil-in-water which forms When milk is allowed to stand

A. emulsion B. albumen C. embrocation D. yolk

16. For some people brought up in this period, the habits of duty lasted for the whole of their lifetime.

A. capricious B. callous C. filial D. elusive

17. Her cinematic debut was and she decided to return to the theatre where she

remained for the rest of her career.

A. indelible B. infallible C. incredulous D. inauspicious

18. Employees knew from the very that their jobs would finish this year.

A. upshot B. outbreak C. outcome D. outset

19. There was a group of demonstrators anti-government slogans in the square

. A. crowing B. chanting C. intoning D. crooning

20. In their the groups old as many records as all Se other groups hi the country put

together.

A. eulogy B. heyday C. summit D. mundaneness

21. He never does any disinterested action; he's always on the .

A. make B. move C. rise D. go

22. After losing the court case the company became something of a _______ joke in the business world.

A. standing               B. steady               C. persisting           D. settled

23. “See you ____, ”she said, casually.

A. sometime           B. some time            C. at some time             D. sometimes

24. She wore gloves when she was gardening to prevent the nettles from _____ her.

A. flicking                B. striking                   C. stinging                  D. flapping

25. After a few days, exhaustion ______ and the climbers were forced to give up their attempt to reach the top of the mountain.

A. set off         B. set in             C. set to        D. set out

26. Do you think this jacket and trousers will ______ a suit?

A. pass off             B. pass over             C. pass up               D. pass for

27. What is so depressing about this war is the _____ hatred that both sides feel for each other.

A. impartial           B. implacable           C. imploring                   D. immune

28. There is nothing in his _______ that suggests he is contented with his life.

A. demeanor             B. stature            C. resonance                    D. fidelity

29. Jack needs straightening out; he has been _____ the whole female population of his class.

A. standing up to            B. owning up to            C. messing around with         D. making up for

30. Hurricane Hugo will _____ in the record books as the costliest storm ever faced by insurers.

A. go down                   B. go up                    C. go by                     D. go through

Part II Reading Comprehension (40%)

Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements . For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C

and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.

(1)

I was born in 1927, the only child of middle -class parents. I was sent to a public school I wasted two years doing my national service, I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.

I had long before made the discovery that I lacked the parents and ancestors I needed. My father was, through being the right age at the right time rather than through any great professional talent, a senior Army officer; and my mother was the very model of a would-be major-general's wife, That is, she never argued with him and always behaved as if he were listening in the next room, even when he was thousands of miles away.

Like all men not really up to their job, he was a stickler for externals and petty quotidian things; and in lieu of an intellect he had accumulated an armoury of capitalized key-words like Discipline and Tradition and Responsibility. If I ever dared --I seldom did -to argue with him, he would produce one of these totem words and cosh me with it, as no doubt in similar circumstances he coshed his subordinates, one still refused to lie down and die, he lost, or loosed, his temper. His temper was like a violent red dog, and he always had it close to hand.

During my last years at school, I realized that what was really wrong with my parents was that they had nothing but a blanket contempt for the sort of life I wanted to lead. I was "good" at English, I had poems printed pseudonymously in the school magazine. I thought D. H. Lawrence the greatest human being of the century. My parents had certainly never read Lawrence, and had probably never heard of him. There were things, I certain emotional gentleness in my mother, an occasional euphoric jolliness in my father, I could have borne more of; but always I liked in them the things they didn't want to be liked for. By the time I was eighteen they had become mere providers, for whom I had to exhibit a token gratitude, but for whom I couldn't feel much else.

I led two lives. At school I got a small reputation as a wartime aesthete and cynic. But had to join the regiment-Tradition and Sacrifice press ganged me into that, I insisted, and luckily the headmaster of my school backed me, that I wanted to go to university afterwards. I went on leading a double life in the army, queasily playing at being Brigadier "Blazer" Urfe's son in public, and nervously reading “Penguin New Writing” and poetry pamphlets in private. As soon as I could, I got myself demobilized.

31. According to the passage, the basic conflict between the author and his parents is conflict of _

A. emotions B. aesthetic theories C. literary D. values

32. The following statements are true EXCEPT .

A. The author's mother was a humble and submissive woman

B. The author's father had an explosive temper

C. The author's mother always insisted on trivial everyday matters

D. The author's father always insisted on surface appearances

33. The author used many phrases such as “through being the right age at the right time rather than

through any great professional talent” just to assert his father's

A. complacence B. inadequacy C. nostrum D. indecorum

34. By saying “I could have borne more of”(Para.4), the author means

A. “I should have desired more of”

B. “I ought to have got more of”

C. “I would not have minded more of”

D. “I should not have tolerate more of”

35. The phrase “in lieu of ” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by

A. instead of B. without           C. for the sake of     D by virtue of

My next husband will definitely be hen-pecked. Everyone laughably assumes my present one is, so I may as well have the advantage of exchanging illusion for reality.

This means he will be able to mend a fuse. Being good about the house is the essential ingredient of the manageable male. All these pretensions to having green fingers as an excuse for spending the morning in the sunshine and tramping in from the garden in muddy boots are really no substitute.

As a career woman, it has always been my dream to be married to a handyman. Women whose husbands are relaxed about raw plugs don't know what worry is. I would sleep peacefully at night with anyone who could tell a pair of pincers from a wire cutter. Apart from the blissful convenience; I could really at last begin to live it up.

If you are buried in the depths of the country as I like to be whenever I can, it costs you a fiver just to have a bolt put on the shed door or to bribe the nearest plumber to come and look at a dripping tap. I calculate I could have a trip to the Solomon Islands every year out of the money we will save on the washers my new do-it-yourself paragon will whip on and off our taps.

My next husband will not say every time. I get out the travel brochures: "I do love England in the late summer; don't you think it would be nice to holiday at home? The garden is at its best then". I know what that means: staying up half the night cutting up his glut of runner beans for the deep freeze.

Being a handyman, he would, of course, be an expert cook. It would be he who would rustle up an omelette at midnight after a heavy day. And he would not believe that every cooking utensil in sight was expendable. I would never again have to curse the friend who once told us that the only way to do steak was in a totally dry, red-hot frying-pan, I like charcoaled steak as much as anyone, but it comes expensive when it means charcoaling the entire kitchen too. I shall relinquish without regret the record I at present hold of being married to the only man in Britain who has ever managed to burn a boiled egg.

After long and mature consideration I have come to the conclusion that the next man I marry Will be a hairdresser. Any husband who cannot back-comb his wife's hair is not worth his salt. This will mean that I w ill be able to go into every serious T.V. discussion completely light-heartedly. It won't matter a damn what I talk about. My friends will all ring up to remark: "Saw you on T.V. last night, Your hair did look nice".

36. It can be concluded from the passage that the author's present husband

A. has an impetuous temper B. is a cold fish

C. is not a very considerate person D. is uxorious

37. By giving the example of her husband's cooking steak, the author tries to prove his

A. frugality B. temperance

C. his aptitude D. ineptitude

38. The word "glut" in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by

A: exuberance B. excess C. myriad D. flamboyance

39. According to the author having green fingers sometimes

A. can produce embarrassing gluts

B. makes gardeners pull their weight in the house

C. makes gardeners run amok in the house

D. enables gardeners to keep the house clean and tidy

40. The tone of the phrase "After long and mature consideration" in the last paragraph can be

identified as

A. arrogant B. ironical    C. flippant     D. patronizing

(3)

We are told that the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs programme , Panorama. It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to so many intimations about societies, forms of life, attitudes other than those which obtain in their own local societies. This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities; width of judgment, a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no note than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry and which may, conceivably go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build. For the stones are resented within a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied, simply to look at them, to observe---fleetingly---individually interesting points of difference between them, is sufficient in itself.

Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to or feel we should try to —make decisions, as citizens or as private individuals. But neither the real difficulty of these decisions, nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be communicated through the mass media. The disinclination to suggest real choice, individual decision, which is to be found in the mass media is not simply the product of a commercial desire, to keep the customers happy. It is within the grain of mass communications. The organs of the Establishment, however well-intentioned they may be and Whatever their form (the State, the Church, volu ntary societies, political parties), have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked, and will so affect those who work within the mass media that then will be led insensibly towards forms of production which, though they go through the motions of dispute and enquiry do not break through the skin to where such enquiries might really hurt, They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted cliche assumptions. Of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these cliches nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life. They will stress the "stimulation' the programmers give. but this soon becomes an agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation in itself; they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo. There are exceptions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic.

The result can be seen in a hundred radio and television programmers as plainly as in the normal treatment of public issues in the popular press. Different levels of background in the readers or viewers may be assumed, but what usually takes place is a substitute for the process of arriving at judgment. Programmers such as this are noteworthy less for the 'stimulation' they offer than for the fact that that stimulation (repeated at regular intervals) may become a substitute for, and so a hindrance to, judgments carefully arrived at and tested in the mind and on the pulses. Mass communications, then, do not ignore intellectual matters; they tend to castrate them, to allow them to sit on the side of the fireplace, sleek and useless, a family plaything.

41. The author holds that the Establishment should try to

A. do a good service to society B. alter the form of public institutions

C. maintain its position in society D. kindle strong emotions in the public

42. According to the author, when mass communications deal with intellectual matters, they

Should_______.

A. look on them as a domestic pastime

B. regard them as most pressing matters

C. think of them as controversial matters

D. consider them to be of only domestic interest

43. In the first paragraph, the author uses the comparison with building a cathedral just to show _

A. sometimes paying close attention to details is extremely important

B. great works of art usually need good and solid foundations

C. the ancient society had different beliefs

D. worthwhile results do not depend on raw materials only

44. The word "’fleetingly” in Paragraph 1 means______.

A. attentively  B. transiently  C. Sentimentally  D. strictly

45. In the passage the author criticizes the mass media for

A. their widening the gap between readers or viewers

B. their failing to reach any definite conclusions over what they report

C. their setting too intellectual a standard

D. their catering for a small number of audiences

(4)

After breakfast I went out into the garden. Spring had come late that year, making nonsense of last year’s gradiose plans; I was to Sundays of hard digging behind schedule. Harling Crescent was part of a new housing estate off St. Clair Park, or off Earl Road, depending on which way you wanted to look at it. (The estate agents generally called it the Park Development, the world Park having more status that Road.)

With the exception of a few big houses on Earl Road itself, there’d been no building in the district until after the war. district until after the war. We were the first occupants of Number Seven Harling Crescent, and the garden had been a wilderness when we moved in. Now , after three years during which I seemed to have done little else but weed and dig and add cartloads of lime and manure, it was beginning to look credible that in about ten years' time it might be remotely like the garden in Hunlitt and Lesper's brochure. It wouldn't, I knew, boast quite as many roses and cherry-trees or have such a smoothly green lawn or such agreeably fantastic topiary work, nor could I ever hope for a limousine of anything near the dimensions (the bonnet, according to my calculations, being some fifteen feet long) to stand in the drive. I had few illusions left about my value to my father-in-law's business. But it Would be definitely a garden, and we'd have tea there in the summer and eat our own strawberries and there'd be a play house for Barbara and, as she herself would put it, fl owers . Barbara would come home from school and there would be 'pretty' flowers. Above all, the garden would be something I'd made, something which belonged to me. the poet who wrote about God walking in his garden in the cool of evening had got it all wrong; I valued my garden-because it was about the only place in the world, in which I, Joe Lampton, could walk as Joe Lampton.

And, since I'd been thinking of being two Sundays behind schedule, it was the only place where I didn't live to schedule; in a garden one did things by season and weather not by clock and calendar.

The St. Clair mansion stood north of Harling Crescent with the St. Clair Folly On the crest of the hill above it. It was still a pleasure to look at, its proportions of balance and order and simplicity were still acceptable to me; and there had been a time when the fact of my mother-in-law being a St. Clair had given me a feeling of part-ownership of the place: because the St. Clairs were my children's ancestors they were mine too. If anything I did the family credit; among the more notable St. Clairs were at least two known murderers, three convicted traitors, and one particularly ambitious gentleman who. was rumored both to have offered his fifteen-year-old daughter to Edward II and to have helped to arrange Edward's murder at Berkeley. Heiress-hunting and robbery of one kind or another they all seemed to have taken for granted; Peregrine, who build the Folly in 1810, went through two wives' fortunes and then made another as colonel of a regiment. He was even supposed to have done a deal with. the denture-makers of the time .who extracted teeth from the dead on the field of battle; I came across this tidbit in an anonymous Chartist pamphlet which Reggie Scurrah showed me at the Library.

Reggie had expected me to be shocked; instead I was mildly titillated. That had been some seven years ago: now the St Clairs had lost their glamour as far as I was concerned. True, when away from Warley I always managed to bring my wife's ancestors into the conversation; I had never disliked an association with a name which--all the more so for the family being extinct ——was a symbol of doomed aristocracy, pennons against the sunset, trumpets at Rancevallas , and all the rest of it. But now I used this social gambit only when I remembered to.

46. According to the author, the name of the estate on which his house was built was

A. splendid B. elegant C. snobbish D. prudent

47. By saying ""if anything I did the family credit (Para.4 ),the author meant that

A. he had a good opinion of the St Clair family

B. he granted the St Clair family some credits

C. he owed some money to the St Clair family

D. he was more respectable than some members of the St. Clair family

48. It is known from the passage that the St. Clairs seemed to regard___

A.marrying for money B. robbing one's wife

C. making fortunes D. selling the teeth of dead soldiers

49. The word ""boast" in Paragraph 2 most probably means" "".

A. brag B. possess C. arrange D. pluck

50. It can be concluded from the passage that the author's attitude towards the St Clair family is

A. detached B. positive C. cynical D. liberal

Paper Two

Part Cloze (10%)

Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to Complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet II.

Here is a great irony of 21st-century global public health: While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions 51 are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources 52 from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes.

To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than 53 expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less active. Market economies encourage this. They turn people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in 54 ,value, and of cars, television sets, and computers that promote sedentary behavior gaining weight is good for business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats.

Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries, especially the rich ones, have far

more than they need 55 irony. In the United States, to take an extreme example, most

adults of all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categories—are overweight. The U.S. food supply provides 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many adults. Over abundant food forces companies to compete _56 sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns 57 toward children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think 58 any major industry that might benefit if people ate less food; certainly _59 the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet, or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more, and all employ amides of lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit 60.

Part IV Translation (20%)

Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet II.

隨著中世界結(jié)構(gòu)的崩潰和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)方式的興起，勞動的意義和作用發(fā)生了根本性的變化， 這在新教表現(xiàn)的尤為突出。因為人對剛剛獲得的自由感到不知所措，心里老是想著如何 以一種狂熱的活動來消除自己的疑慮和恐懼。這種活動無論成功或是失敗都將決定他的靈魂能否獲救，表明他是靈魂得救者。勞動本身不再能給人帶來滿足感和快樂。而是變成了一種 責(zé)任和強(qiáng)迫性的活動。勞動致富的可能性越大，勞動就越會成為純粹獲得財富和成功的一種 手段。用麥克斯?韋伯的話來說，在“內(nèi)心深處追名逐利的苦行主義”的體系中，勞動變成 了主要的因素，成了解決人的孤單和封閉感的一種辦法。

With the collapsing of the structure of Middle Ages and the rising of the modern production model, the fundamental changes have taken place in the significance and function of labor, which is particularly outstanding in the Protestant countries, because people feel overwhelmed by the freedom they have just obtained, and keep wondering how to eliminate their own doubts and fears in a crazy activity. Whether it is successful or not, this activity will determine whether his soul can be rescued and demonstrate that he or she is the one whose soul has been saved or the one lost. Labor itself cannot bring satisfaction and happiness to people any longer, but it has become a kind of responsibility and compulsive activity. The greater the chance of making fortune by working is, the more chance of labor becoming a way of purely obtaining wealth and success. Just as Max Weber says, in the system of “autoeroticism of seeking fame and gaining in the depth of one’s heart  ”, the labor has become the main factor and the solution to the loneliness and self-closing of people.

Part V Writing (15%)

Directions: There is a picture below. Look at it carefully and write a composition of about 250 words commenting on what it conveys. Remember to write your composition on Answer Sheet II.