2012年南京師范大學(xué)考博英語真題

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Part Ⅳ   Cloze (10 points)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major   61   to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful   62   on the economy in at least four ways:

Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system   63   the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely, the construction and   64   of most highways the   65   of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily   66   for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation   67   are also the responsibilities of local government.

Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private   68   in many ways, for the   69   of assuring that business serves the best   70  of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a   71  , such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable   72  , but limits their ability to raise prices   73  , since the public depends on their services. Often control is   74   to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of   75   in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control.

Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by   76   tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also   77   the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.

Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to   78   and individuals. For example, tariffs   79   certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to   80   better with certain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system.

61．A．economy        B．horror        C．magnifier        D．element

62．A．elevation        B．emotion        C．effect        D．election

63．A．dripping        B．serving        C．diverging        D．clamping

64．A．clearance        B．combustion        C．commence        D．maintenance

65．A．commonplace        B．responsibility        C．conductivity        D．consequence

66．A．consoled        B．compacted        C．paid        D．bracketed

67．A．services        B．boycotts        C．budgets        D．charters

68．A．banquet        B．boom        C．a(chǎn)rena        D．enterprise

69．A．a(chǎn)ssertion        B．purpose        C．a(chǎn)sset        D．a(chǎn)ssumption

70．A．a(chǎn)dmiration        B．interests        C．a(chǎn)doption        D．a(chǎn)ccuracy

71．A．monopoly        B．a(chǎn)cceptance        C．a(chǎn)bolition        D．morality

72．A．proximity        B．blend        C．breast        D．profit

73．A．fairly        B．unfairly        C．friendly        D．unnecessarily

74．A．exercised        B．broadened        C．bankrupted        D．exemplified

75．A．faculty        B．quantity        C．quality        D．fragment

76．A．a(chǎn)pplauding        B．a(chǎn)ssessing        C．a(chǎn)scending        D．a(chǎn)djusting

77．A．a(chǎn)ffect        B．a(chǎn)ccommodate        C．a(chǎn)dhere        D．a(chǎn)ffirm

78．A．beverage        B．businesses        C．bondage        D．botany

79．A．perplex        B．permit        C．perturb        D．plunder

80．A．compensate        B．confront        C．console        D．compete

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