2017年安徽大學(xué)考博英語真題

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Our present generation of cultural critics, arriving after the assault of postmodernism and the increasingly widespread commercialization of culture, has been cast adrift, without any firm basis for judgments. Publications and institutions to support serious criticism, in this view, either no longer exist or are few in number. Critics today, it is also claimed, are too cozy behind the ivied walls of academe, content to employ a prose style that is decipherable only to a handful of the cognoscenti. The deadly dive of University critics into the shallow depths of popular culture, moreover, reveals the unwillingness of these critics to uphold standards. Even if the reasons offered are contradictory, these Jeremiahs huddle around their sad conclusion that serious cultural criticism has fallen into a morass of petty bickering and bloated reputations.

Such narratives of declension，a staple of American intellectual life since the time of the Puritans, are misplaced, self-serving, and historically inaccurate, so difficult to prove. Has the level of criticism declined in the last 50 years? Of course the logic of such an opinion depends on the figures that are being contrasted with one another. Any number of cultural critics thriving today could be invoked to demonstrate that cultural criticism is alive and well. But many new and thriving venues for criticism and debate exist today, and they are not limited solely to the discussion of literary works. Actually, they became so entrusted with their own certitude and political judgments that they became largely irrelevant. Today the complaint is that literary culture lacks civility. We live in an age of commercialism and spectacle. Writers seek the limelight, and one way to bask in it is to publish reviews that scorch the landscape, with Dale Peck as the famous, but not atypical, case in point. Heidi Julavits, in an essay in The Believer, lamented the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing. She surveyed a literary culture that had embraced “snark”，her term for hostile, self-serving reviews.

The snark review, according to Julavits, eschews a serious engagement with literature in favor of a sound-bite approach, an attempt to turn the review into a form of entertainment akin to film reviews or restaurant critiques. A critic found cultural criticism to be in “critical condition.” For him, the postmodern turn to theory, in its questioning of objectivity, cut the critical, independent ground out from under reviewers. The rise of chain bookstores and blockbuster best sellers demeaned literary culture, making it prey to the commercial values of the market and entertainment. The criticism does not seem discontinuous. Nor should we forget that civility rarely reigned in the circles of New York intellectuals. The art critic Clement Greenberg physically pummeled the theater critic Lionel Abel after Abel rejected the view that Jean Wahl, the French philosopher, was anti- Semitic. Though Robert Peck has the reputation of a literary hatchet man, so far as I know his blows thus far have all been confined to the printed page.

Cultural criticism has certainly changed over the years. The old days of the critic who wielded unchallenged authority have happily passed. Ours is a more pluralistic age, one not beholden to a narrow literary culture. The democratization of criticism — as in the Amazon system of readers’ evaluating books 一 is a messy affair, as democracy must be. But the solution to the problems of criticism in the present is best not discovered in the musty basements of nostalgia and sentiment for the cultural criticism of a half-century gone. Rather the solution is to recognize, as John Dewey did almost a century ago, that the problems of democracy demand more democracy, less nostalgia for a golden age that never was, and a spirit of openness to what is new and invigorating in our culture.

56. What is the possible connection between cultural critics and publications and institutions?

A. Cultural critics attack postmodernism and commercialization cherished by publications and institutions.

B. Postmodernism and commercialization are attacked by the serious publications and institutions.

C. Cultural criticism is short of judgments and will not exist without the support of publications and institutions.

D. Publications and institutions show almost no interest in serious cultural criticism.

57. How do the university critics like the serious cultural criticism?

A. Cultural criticism is not serious enough when the articles are written in the cozy prose style.

B. Popular culture is so prevailing that serious critics are not willing to keep to the shallow standards.

C. Serious cultural criticism is full of insignificant quarrels and the public do not really trust it.

D. Cultural critics have become so serious as to tell the stories imbued with American intellectual Puritanism.

58. What is the author’s opinion of the current complaint about the literary expansion into the other fields?

A. When literary critics discuss issues with political judgments, their views are likely to be meaningless.

B. It is reasonable for writers to seek limelight since we are living in the age of commercialism.

C. Critics should be encouraged to write and publish poignant articles which would scorch the landscape.

D. It is the critics’ responsibility to lament the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing.

59. What does “the snark review” refer to according to Heidi Julavits?

A. Cultural reviews which are unfriendly and selfless.

B. Literary reviews avoiding serious criticism.

C. Entertainment reviews in the film industry.

D. Postmodern reviews independent of objectivity.

60. In order to find a way out the current dilemma for the cultural criticism, the author suggests that ?

A. we should return to the old days when the critics passed their judgments without challenges

B. pluralism should be held back, reinforcing the unchallenged authority in the literary criticism

C. democratic criticism should not be adopted because it is rather messy as proved in the Amazon system

D. we should encourage more democracy, dismiss nostalgia and cultivate an open attitude

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