2018年上海大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題

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The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those members has caused considerable concern. The privacy issue has been raised most insistently with respect to the creation and maintenance of data files that assemble information about persons from a multitude of sources. Files of this kind would be Kighly valuable for many kinds of economic and social research, but they are bought at too high a price if they endanger human freedom or seriously enhance their opportunities of blackmailers. While such dangers should not be ignored, it should be noted that the lack of comprehensive data files has never before been the limiting barrier to the suppression of human freedom.

Making the computer the villain in the invasion of privacy or encroachment on civil liberties simply divers attention from the real dangers. Computer data bank files can and must be given the highest degree of protection form abuse. But we must be careful also, that we do not employ such crude methods of protection as to deprive our society of important data it needs to understand its down social processes and to analyze its problems. Perhaps the most important question of all about the computer is what it has come and will do to man、view of himself and his place in the universe. The most heated attacks on the computer are not focused on its possible economic effects，its presumed destruction of job satisfaction, or its threat to privacy and liberty，but upon the claim that it causes people to be viewed, and to view themselves, as machines.

What the computer and progress in artificial intelligence challenge are an ethic that rests on man's apartness from the rest of nature. An alternative ethic, of course, views man as a part of nature, governed by nature law, subject to the forces of gravity and the demands of his body. The debate about artificial intelligence and the simulation of man's thinking is,in considerable part,a confrontation of these two views of man's place in the universe.

21. Why is it important to prevent the abuse of computer data bands?

A. To protect the right of the individual.

B. To maintain discipline in society.

C. To encourage economic and social research.

D. To collect wide-ranging information.

22. Which of the following is not true about date files?

A. It may cause invasion of privacy.

B. Dangers caused by it should be paid much attention to.

C. Computer data files should be protected from abuse.

D. It is reasonable to cancel data files in order to protect privacy.

23. Too rtiuch caution in the use of computers will .

A. prevent the solution of economic problems

B. cause more suppression of human freedom

C. lead to clumsy methods of protection

D. interfere with our study of society

24. What lessons can be learned from the past in this decade?

A. Private issue has always been associated with data collection.

B. Attacks on freedom are new.

C. The accumulation of data encourages oppression.

D. Privacy has been a neglected issue.

25. The arrival of the computer has made man .

A. have more difficulty understanding himself

B. think more like a machine

C. look at himself in a different way

D. gain less satisfaction from his work

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