2013年復(fù)旦大學(xué)考博英語真題3

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In some ways they are a marketers，dream. They have billions of dollars in discretionary income— and spend most of it. Although their individual purchases are small，they buy regularly, often response to peer pressure. They are heavily influenced by the hours of television advertising they see each week. And，as a result of today’s smaller families, and the increase in the number of two-income households, they have more to say about family decisions than ever before. “They” are children, of course, a group whose spending habits are attracting the attention of more and more marketers. One recent study estimates that: the thirty million U. S. children 4 to 12 years old receive about $ 4. 7 billion annually from allowances, gifts and odd obs. Of that amount, they spend a total of $4. 2 billion each year on snacks ($1.4 billion) , toys and games ($1.1 billion) , movies and sports ( $ 771 million) , video games ( $ 766 million) , and gifts ( $ 164 million) , engaging in some 280 independent purchases transactions annually. Children thirteen to nineteen account for even greater yearly expenditures: $ 30. 5 billion of their own money. But children’s financial muscle does not end there. Researchers estimate that children directly influence more-than $40 billion in adult purchases each year. A Nickeldeon USA Today/Yankelovich Youth Monitor study found that children are extremely aware of brand and have considerable input into their parents，selection of apparel, cereal, snacks, cars, televisions and personal computers. Many children are involved in actual household purchasing, especially food； in a recent Teenage Research study, half the teen girls surveyed reported shopping for groceries at least once a week. Recognizing this indirect purchasing power that children have，a growing number of marketers are approaching the youth directly. The National Dairy Board, for example, now airs milk commercials with youth appeal, and Procter & Gamble has developed Crest for Kids toothpaste.

How did children acquire such buying clout? Researchers point to several factors. As the number of working couples and single-parent households increased, many parents shifted certain household responsibilities onto children’s shoulders. Thrust into adult roles, children have ended up with more influence over the family’s purchases, and they also tend to spend increased amounts of money themselves. In addition, many older, professional couples have fewer children. These parents can afford to lavish more on their children, including extra spending money for such items as Fisher-Price Toys’ $ 225 children’s camcorder and the My First Sony lie of electronics gear for children. The bandwagon effect is yet another factor. When one marketer begins to focus on children, competitors follow suit, encouraging even more children’s purchases. McDonald’s Corp. , for example, has aimed advertisements for its hamburgers, meal kits, and parties on children for years； now Hardee’s Food Systems. Inc. and Wendy’s International Inc. are doing the same. Astute marketers realize that children actually represent three markets: current consumers, influential consumers, and future buyers. Because children are steadily developing brand awareness, and product preferences that someday will translate into purchasing decisions, even companies not selling youth products per se are beginning to pay attention to sell directly to children, realizing that, out there somewhere, tomorrow’s big-ticket customer is playing video games today.

36. The topic of this selection is .

A. marketing products B. children’s spending patterns

C. doing surveys of children D. the bandwagon effect

37. Which of the following is the main idea of this selection?

A. Children have more to say about family purchase decisions than ever before.

B. Children are important members of society.

C. Children have a good deal of power as buyers and consumers.

D. Marketers are overcoming their lack of interest in selling to children.

38. From the statement that children “have billions of dollars in discretionary income — and spend most of it”，we can infer that children .

A. have no sense of value regarding money

B. should not be given so much money by their parents

C. misuse the financial power placed in their hands

D. do not save much of their own money

39. About their buying behaviors, we can infer that children are .

A. not influenced much by advertising

B. very much influenced by their friends

C. not influenced by milk commercials with youth appeal

D. careful about spending on hamburgers and other fast foods

40. We can infer that marketers believe children who develop “brand awareness” when they are young will .

A. reject those brands when become adults

B. purchase video games for their children

C. remain loyal to those brands into adulthood

D. spend their money wisely and thoughtfully as adults

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