2015年中科院考博英語真題9

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your ANSWER SHEET.

It happens every semester. A student triumphantly points out that Jean-Jacques Rousseau is undermining himself when he claims “the man who reflects is a depraved animal”，or that Ralph Waldo Emerson’s call for self-reliance is in effect a call for reliance on Emerson himself.

Our best college students are very good at being critical. In fact, being smart, for many, means being critical. (1) Having strong critical skills shows that you will not be easily fooled. It is a sign of sophistication, especially when coupled with an acknowledgment of one’s own “privilege”.

The skill at unmasking errors is not totally without value, but we should be wary of creating a class of self-satisfied debunkers—-or, to use a currently fashionable word on campus, people who like to “trouble” ideas. (2) In overdeveloping the capacity to show how texts，instructions or people fail to accomplish what they set out to do，we may be depriving students of the chance to learn as much as

possible from what they study. In campus cultures where being smart means being a critical unmasker, students may become too good at showing how things can’t possibly make sense. (3) They may dose themselves off from their potential to find or create meaning and direction from the books，music and experiments they encounter in the classroom. (4) Once outside the university，these students may try to score points by displaying the critical prowess for which they were rewarded in school，but those points often come at their own expense.

Liberal education in America has long been characterized by the intertwining of two traditions: of critical inquiry in pursuit of truth and exuberant performance in pursuit of excellence. (5) In the last half-century，emphasis on inquiry has become dominant，and it has often been reduced to the ability to expose error and undermine belief. The inquirer has taken the guise of the sophisticated spectator，rather than the messy participant in continuing experiments or even the reverent beholder of great cultural achievements.

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