?2021年上半年自考英語(yǔ)一沖刺模擬題

英語(yǔ)(一)的自考代碼為00012，下文是希賽網(wǎng)整理的2021年上半年自考英語(yǔ)一沖刺模擬題，如果對(duì)自考00012英語(yǔ)(一)歷年真題試卷下載有需要的考生，可以點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入【00012-英語(yǔ)(一)】下載歷年真題。注：參考答案在文末。

2021年上半年自考英語(yǔ)一沖刺模擬題

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

題目一：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?

假設(shè)你的一位外國(guó)朋友來(lái)參觀你的校園，你最感興趣的地方想帶他/她去看?為什么?

題目二：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?

假設(shè)你的一位外國(guó)朋友來(lái)參觀你的家鄉(xiāng)，你最感興趣的地方想帶他/她去看?為什么?

題目三：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?

假設(shè)你的一位外國(guó)朋友來(lái)參觀中國(guó)，你最感興趣的地方想帶他/她去看?為什么?

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice__36___away,However , we have already reached temperatures that are in __37__with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are __38__to a predicted worldwide in increase in temperatures__39__betweem 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years. The warming will be more__40__in some areas, less in other, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the __41__of this warming will be very different depending on where you are-coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable(宜居的)and __42__for humans than these areas are now.

The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on __43__, everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. Some scientists___44__that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random(無(wú)規(guī)律的)variation-some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years__45___--but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.

A) appealing I) melted

B) average J) persist

C) contributing K) ranging

D) dramatic　L) recently

E) frequently　M) resolved

F) impact　N) sensible

G) line O) shock

H) maintain

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The End of the Book?

[A] Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it is now selling more books in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format. That is remarkable, considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years. E-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in the country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales. E-book sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.

[B] Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all. What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the 1450s.

[C] Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. Mass market paperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, “romance fiction,” etc. Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections, either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years. Hardback and trade paperbacks for “serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer. Perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy.

[D] As for children’s books, who knows? Children’s books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.

[E] For clues to the book’s future, let’s look at some examples of technological change and see what happened to the old technology.

[F] One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both. The greater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old. Printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. A Bible—to be sure, a long book—required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor. Before printing arrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house. There were perhaps 50,000 books in all of Europe in 1450. By 1500 there were 10 million.

[G] But while printing quickly caused the hand written book to die out, handwriting lingered on (繼續(xù)存在) well into the 16th century. Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.

[H]Sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out, but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve. The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but they didn’t, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce. Equally, TV was supposed to replace movies but, again, did not.

[I] Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater. And while TV didn’t kill movies, it did kill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.

[J] Nor did TV kill radio. Comedy and drama shows (“Jack Benny,” “Amos and Andy,” “The Shadow”) all migrated to television. But because you can’t drive a car and watch television at the same time, rush hour became radio’s prime, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences. Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.

[K] Sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power. Mounted cavalry (騎兵) replaced the chariot (二輪戰(zhàn)車) on the battlefield around 1000 BC. But chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later. The sword hasn’t had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer’s full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”

[L] Sometimes new technology is a little cranky (不穩(wěn)定的) at first. Television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance. And so the old technology remains as a backup. Steamships captured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater speed. But steamships didn’t lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down. Until ships became large enough (and engines small enough) to mount two engines side by side, they needed to keep sails. (The high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.)

[M] Then there is the fireplace. Central heating was present in every upper-and middle-class home by the second half of the 19th century. But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment. I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of the fire. Fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to cat and digest). Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.

[N] Books—especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans. But they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless, a hold extending far beyond their literary content. At their best, they are works of art and there is a tactile(觸覺(jué)的)pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. The ability to quickly thumb through pages is also lost. And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night.

[O] For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict. Like swords, books have symbolic power. Like fireplaces, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth. And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful back-up for when the lights go out.

46. Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.

47. Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.

48. The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.

49. Contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.

50. Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.

51. Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.

52. The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.

53. A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.

54. Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.

55. A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.

The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition(命題)，although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM(science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way.

The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities (人文學(xué)科)and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative(創(chuàng)新的)leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.

Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem “Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.

Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

56. What does the latest congressional report suggest?

A) STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.

B) The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.

C) The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.

D) Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.

57. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?

A) Their interest in relevant subjects.

B) The academic value of the courses.

C) The quality of education to receive.

D) Their chances of getting a good job.

58. What does the author say about the so called soft subjects?

A) The benefit students in their future life.

B) They broaden students’ range of interests.

C) They improve students’ communication skills.

D) They are essential to students’ healthy growth.

59. What kind of job applicants do employers look for?

A) Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.

B) Those who are good at solving practical problems.

C) Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.

D) Those who have received a well-rounded education.

60. What advice does the author give to college students?

A) Seize opportunities to tap their potential.

B) Try to take a variety of practical courses.

C) Prepare themselves for different job options.

D) Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn’t it? If you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.

“Energy independence” and its rhetorical (修辭的) companion “energy security” are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. What is it we want independence from, exactly?

Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.

The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle(涓涓細(xì)流)of biofuel(生物燃料)available, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.

Second, Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?

Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don’t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.

There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

61. What does the author say about energy independence for America?

A) It sounds very attractive.

B) It ensures national security.

C) It will bring oil prices down

D) It has long been everyone’s dream.

62. What does the author think of biofuels?

A) They keep America’s economy running healthily.

B) They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.

C) They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.

D) They cause serious damage to the environment.

63. Why does America rely heavily on oil imports?

A) It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.

B) Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.

C) It wants to keep its own environment intact.

D) Its own oil production falls short of demand.

64. What does the author say about oil trade?

A) It proves profitable to both sides.

B) It improves economic efficiency.

C) It makes for economic prosperity.

D) It saves the cost of oil exploration.

65. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A) To justify America’s dependence on oil imports.

B) To arouse Americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.

C) To stress the importance of energy conservation.

D) To explain the increase of international oil trade.

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

翻譯題目一：為了促進(jìn)教育公平，中國(guó)已投入360億元，用于改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育設(shè)施和中強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育(compulsory education)。這些資金用于改善教學(xué)設(shè)施、購(gòu)買書(shū)籍，使16萬(wàn)多所中小學(xué)受益。資金還用于購(gòu)置音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)器材?，F(xiàn)在農(nóng)村和山區(qū)的兒童可以與沿海城市的兒童一樣上音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)課。一些為接受更好教育而轉(zhuǎn)往城市上學(xué)的學(xué)生如今又回到了本地農(nóng)村學(xué)校就讀。

翻譯題目二：中國(guó)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展核能，因?yàn)楹穗娔壳爸徽计淇偘l(fā)電量的2%，該比例在所有核國(guó)家中居第30位，幾乎是最低的。2011年3月日本核電站事故后，中國(guó)的核能開(kāi)發(fā)停了下來(lái)，中止審批新的核電站，并開(kāi)展全國(guó)性的核安全檢查。到2012年10月，審批才能又謹(jǐn)慎的恢復(fù)。隨著技術(shù)和安全措施的 改進(jìn)，發(fā)生核事故的可能性完全可以降低到最低限度。換句話說(shuō)核能是可以安全開(kāi)發(fā)和利用的。

翻譯題目三：中國(guó)教育工作者早就認(rèn)識(shí)到讀書(shū)對(duì)于國(guó)家的重要意義，有些教育工作者2003年就建議設(shè)立全民讀書(shū)日。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)讀好書(shū)，尤其是經(jīng)典著作。通過(guò)閱讀，人們能更好地學(xué)會(huì)感恩、有責(zé)任心和與人合作，而教育的目的正是要培養(yǎng)這些基本素質(zhì)，閱讀對(duì)于中小學(xué)生尤為重要，假如他們沒(méi)有這個(gè) 關(guān)鍵時(shí)期培養(yǎng)閱讀的興趣，以后要養(yǎng)成閱讀的習(xí)慣就很難了。

答案解析

寫(xiě)作

解析：與去年的圖畫(huà)作文模式不同，今年又重新回到了話題作文的形式，并且所給話題也是考生非常熟悉的，很容易展開(kāi)思路。更令人驚奇的是今年的作 文雖然有三個(gè)話題，但是話題設(shè)定的背景信息是趨同的，都是說(shuō)外國(guó)朋友要來(lái)中國(guó)或來(lái)你的家鄉(xiāng)或來(lái)你的學(xué)校，讓你介紹一下中國(guó)/家鄉(xiāng)/學(xué)校的特色，目的還是為 了推介我們本土的文化特色，看來(lái)出題人是越來(lái)越看重中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的弘揚(yáng)了。去年的翻譯題當(dāng)中就出現(xiàn)了一系列的對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的介紹，像中餐，中國(guó)結(jié)，茶文化，中國(guó)園林，中秋等等。所以說(shuō)，文化題材，特別是有關(guān)中國(guó)文化特色的題材要成為以后大家復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。以后備考四六級(jí)的同學(xué)一定要多聯(lián)系這個(gè)文化題材 的翻譯和寫(xiě)作。

【作文范文】

If a foreign friend is coming to visit our campus, I would show him or her our school library and the dinning hall. There are several reasons to account for my recommendations. First of all, our university is famous for its unique library, which looks like a beautiful flower (lotus) . It is designed by Bei Lvming, a famous designer in the world, as a result of which there are a host of tourists who would like to take a photo in front of it almost everyday. In addition, it also possesses a large number of books, with many students reading in it everyday, thus in which I'm convinced that you can find the book you like too. Secondly, the dining hall in our school is a wonderful place too. Many delicious Chinese cuisines can be found there, such as noodles, dumplings. You can try cuisines from different places of China in the same dinning hall! Based on the reasons above, I am sure that my foreign friend will enjoy his or her stay here, with me acting as his or her guider.

選詞填空

36. I) melted

本空是謂語(yǔ)，需要?jiǎng)釉~，且空前并列成分謂語(yǔ)用的是過(guò)去式ended，因此需要過(guò)去式。備選的有melted(融化)和resolved(決心)，能與空前ice構(gòu)成合理意思、且與空后away構(gòu)成搭配的只有melted，表示“冰川融化”。

37. G) line

本空空前是介詞，因此需要名詞性成分，且要考慮與空后的with構(gòu)成搭配。符合要求的只有l(wèi)ine(in line with，與……一致)。意思是我們已經(jīng)接近“與其他最小冰川期時(shí)一致的溫度”。

38. C) contributing

前句用完成時(shí)表示已經(jīng)達(dá)到的狀態(tài)，本句we are描述的則是正在發(fā)生的過(guò)程，需要?jiǎng)釉~的ing形式，且要考慮與空后的介詞to構(gòu)成搭配。備選的有appealing to(呼吁、上訴)、contributing to(促成、導(dǎo)致)，ranging后不直接與介詞to構(gòu)成搭配。意思合理的只有contributing，為“我們正促成世界范圍內(nèi)氣溫的升高”。

39. K) ranging

本空引領(lǐng)的是temperature的后置定語(yǔ)，需要?jiǎng)釉~分詞。備選的有appealing(呼吁、上訴)、ranging(范圍在……)和 resolved(決心)。空后的between 1℃ and 6 ℃明顯是范圍區(qū)間，因此ranging合乎語(yǔ)義。range between/from A and B為常用搭配。

40. D) dramatic

本空作為表語(yǔ)，且空前有more，提示了本空需要形容詞。備選的有appealing(有吸引力的)、dramatic(戲劇性的、突發(fā)的)和 sensible(明智的)。這里描述的是氣候變化的效果，因此dramatic意思更合適，意為“某些地方的氣候變化會(huì)更加戲劇化”。后半句提到的有些 地方可能cool off(變冷)也是暗示氣候變化的突發(fā)及劇烈。

41. F) impact

空前的the暗示本空需要名詞。備選的有average(平均)、impact(影響)和shock(震驚)。impact和shock都能用 于與warming構(gòu)成搭配，但后面提到的different depending on where you are提示了本空應(yīng)當(dāng)是一個(gè)較為寬泛的概念，故impact更合適，意為“氣候變暖的影響因所在地不同而不同”。

42. A) appealing

空前的and提示了本空與and前的habitable(宜居的)同詞性且義相近。因此本空需要形容詞，備選的有appealing(有吸引力 的)和sensible(明智的)。意思上與habitable更能并列、描述本句所說(shuō)的Siberia and northern Canada的影視appealing，表示“西伯利亞和加拿大北部可能會(huì)變得更宜居、更吸引人”。

43. B) average

空前介詞on提示了本空需要名詞性成分與之構(gòu)成搭配。備選的有average(平均)和shock(震驚)。這里意思更合理的是average，且on average是固定搭配“平均地”。

44. H) maintain

本空需要謂語(yǔ)，且前句所用為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，考慮到本句主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)scientists，因此本空需要?jiǎng)釉~原形。備選的有maintain(維持、 堅(jiān)稱)、persist(堅(jiān)持)和shock(震驚)。但persist為不及物動(dòng)詞，而本空后有賓語(yǔ)從句;shock意思不合適是且一般后面接人。因此只能選maintain。意為“有些科學(xué)家堅(jiān)稱……”。

45. L) recently

本空所在句不缺其它成分，本空需要副詞。備選的又frequently(頻繁地)和recently(最近)。空前提到科學(xué)家認(rèn)為氣候變化無(wú)規(guī)律，有些年冷、有些年熱(some years are cold, others warm)。本空所在的we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years應(yīng)當(dāng)是順著科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)而來(lái)，解釋我們現(xiàn)在所處的正好是偏熱的年份期。因此本空用recently強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)下更佳。若選frequently表示 “我們頻繁處在偏熱的年份”，則與科學(xué)家所持的氣溫冷熱無(wú)規(guī)律交替的觀點(diǎn)不相符合。

段落匹配

46. Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.

答案：C

解析：對(duì)應(yīng)C段末句。printed versions(紙質(zhì)版本)對(duì)應(yīng)hard copy(印刷版本)，be considered important ones(被認(rèn)為重要)對(duì)應(yīng)become the mark…to reckon(認(rèn)為是標(biāo)志)。

47. Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.

答案：N

解析：對(duì)應(yīng)N段第三句提到的tactile pleasure in books(書(shū)本的觸覺(jué)上的愉悅)。

48. The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.

答案：J

解析：對(duì)應(yīng)J段最后兩句。changed greatly(巨大改變)對(duì)應(yīng)a very different business(相當(dāng)不同的行業(yè))，attracts more listeners(吸引更多聽(tīng)眾)對(duì)應(yīng)enlarged their audience(擴(kuò)大受眾面)。

49. Contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.

答案：H

解析：對(duì)應(yīng)H段第二句。many people’s prediction對(duì)應(yīng)widely predicted。

50. Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.

答案：A

解析：這是對(duì)A段所描述的電子書(shū)在近幾年內(nèi)大幅增長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)象的概括。

51. Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.

答案：L

解析：對(duì)應(yīng)L段第三句。continues to exist(繼續(xù)存在)對(duì)應(yīng)remain(保持)，reliability(可靠)對(duì)應(yīng)backup(支持、后盾)。

52. The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.

答案：B

解析：對(duì)應(yīng)B段第三句。make changes(做出改變)對(duì)應(yīng)go through a transformation(經(jīng)歷轉(zhuǎn)變)，not seen for centuries是對(duì)該句后部分時(shí)間表達(dá)的概括。

53. A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.

答案：F

解析：對(duì)應(yīng)F段第一句。a clear advantage(明顯優(yōu)勢(shì))歲對(duì)better, cheaper or both的概括。take the place of(代替)對(duì)應(yīng)replace(代替)。

54. Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.

答案：C

解析：完全對(duì)應(yīng)C段第二句。

55. A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.

答案：M

解析：對(duì)應(yīng)M段第三句。has a stronger appeal to buyers(對(duì)購(gòu)買者有很強(qiáng)吸引力)對(duì)應(yīng)a powerful selling point(強(qiáng)勁賣點(diǎn))。

仔細(xì)閱讀

Passage One

解析：56.B

本題屬于觀點(diǎn)型細(xì)節(jié)題，問(wèn)最近的一次國(guó)會(huì)報(bào)告提出了什么建議。根據(jù)題干定位詞latest congressional report 定位到文章第二段第一句。Acknowledge意為“承認(rèn)”，引出觀點(diǎn)。前半句非常簡(jiǎn)單，“最近的一次國(guó)會(huì)報(bào)告承認(rèn)了技術(shù)訓(xùn)練的關(guān)鍵性”，后半句以 but進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“但是他們也認(rèn)為關(guān)于人文學(xué)科和社會(huì)科學(xué)的研究都必須在任何等級(jí)的美國(guó)教育系統(tǒng)中作為核心部分”。之后的both areas are critical to…都是在描述這兩門(mén)學(xué)科對(duì)塑造人才的積極影響，可以略讀。

解析：57.D

題目問(wèn)學(xué)生選擇專業(yè)時(shí)主要關(guān)心什么。結(jié)合順序原則可以大致定位到第三段，本段前兩句話講述了家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)生們?cè)跒楦叩冉逃龀鼍薮笸顿Y之后所以擔(dān)心 的問(wèn)題就是市場(chǎng)的變化可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致孩子們將來(lái)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)變少以及工資降低。并且根據(jù)這個(gè)大背景提出了一個(gè)公認(rèn)的解決的辦法，也就是由題干中的major定位到 的本段第三句，“Major in a subject designed to get you a job”seems the obvious answer to some,… 意思是“選擇一個(gè)為給你找到工作而設(shè)計(jì)的專業(yè)是大部分人認(rèn)可大答案”。

解析：58.A

問(wèn)作者如何評(píng)價(jià)所謂的“軟”學(xué)科。本題答案依然出自于第三段，57題定位句的后半句，即though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run.本句的disciplines與subjects都是“學(xué)科”的意思，所以這句話可以翻譯成“盡管他們忽略一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是人文學(xué)科中那些被描述 成“軟”學(xué)科的，通常能夠能夠促成將來(lái)的就業(yè)和成功”。

解析：59.D

問(wèn)老板想找什么類型的應(yīng)聘者。答案出自第三段最后一句話，employers have expressed a preference for students who received a broadly-based education that has taught them how to write well, think carefully, research creatively, and communicate easily. 這句話非常直白地告訴我們老板所偏愛(ài)的員工是接受過(guò)broadly-based education的人，即“全方位教育”，所以與這句話有相同描述的選項(xiàng)即為正選。

解析：60.D

問(wèn)作者給大學(xué)生提了什么建議。全文只有四段話，前三段都已經(jīng)用于解決之前的四道題，所以最后一題自然而然地定位到最后一段。并且由第一句里的 students should…可以看出這段話主要是在討論相關(guān)的建議。由于沒(méi)有具體的定位詞可以參考，所以一般情況下咱們需要快速讀完整段話再一一對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)看有沒(méi)有符合的內(nèi)容。

本題選擇D。答案出自于本段的最后兩句話。意思是“能在這種環(huán)境下做到最好的一定是那些已經(jīng)讓自己做好隨時(shí)變通的準(zhǔn)備的人?！币约白詈笞髡哌€評(píng) 價(jià)“能夠利用任何可用的工具——不管是來(lái)自己于哪個(gè)學(xué)科，去解決問(wèn)題，并且利用機(jī)會(huì)表現(xiàn)自己”的能力會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的幫助。D選項(xiàng)就是對(duì)原文的歸納和總 結(jié)，ABC屬于無(wú)中生有的干擾項(xiàng)。

Passage Two

解析：61、A 此題并非主旨題，按順序原則及題干信息定位首段。 “If you think so, you’re not alone”表明作者持有同樣想法，答案往“so”前面找——“Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it, doesn’t it?” have a nice ring to sth.表示“聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)，令人向往”的意思，選項(xiàng)A的attractive是其同義改寫(xiě)。即使不了解短語(yǔ)，根據(jù)nice可判斷正態(tài)度，答案選A。

解析：62、D 由題干信息biofuels定位在第四段落。定位句本身出現(xiàn)but強(qiáng)調(diào)：“but most biofuels are a Faustian bargain, causing economic waste and environmental destruction. ”but后面的強(qiáng)調(diào)才是作者對(duì)于biofuels的真正想法——causing economic waste and environmental destruction。選項(xiàng)中AB選項(xiàng)均為正態(tài)度，與原文不符直接排除。原文中C選項(xiàng)為干擾選項(xiàng)，“可持續(xù)的能源供給”，文章未提及。

解析：63 、C 按照閱讀出題的“順序原則”直接看到下一段(第五段)。首句“Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. ”美國(guó)人不愿意自己產(chǎn)油，是63題題干信息當(dāng)中“…America rely on heavily on oil imports”的同義改寫(xiě)。根據(jù)“金三句原則”定位到定位句的下一句“the American people…decided that they value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. ” 相比從國(guó)外進(jìn)口石油，美國(guó)人更看重環(huán)境質(zhì)量，由此判斷，答案選C——“keep environment intact”。

解析：64、A 根據(jù)定位詞oil trade以及順序原則定位到文章最后一段。根據(jù)文章主旨和前文內(nèi)容，或者是根據(jù)定位段信息可知“United States imports a great of energy”，讓能源輸出國(guó)有利可圖，而同時(shí)“At the same time”，美國(guó)本身也有自身利益——“we derive massive economic benefits…when we engage in energy trade around the world.”，答案選A——“It proves profitable to both sides”。

解析：65、A 問(wèn)作者寫(xiě)作意圖，即問(wèn)全文主旨。根據(jù)各段首句以及串聯(lián)五個(gè)題干信息可得知，文章主要討論“America”的“energy independence”，就可以直接排除BCD選項(xiàng)了。為做題保險(xiǎn)，還要進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)。由文章末端的結(jié)尾“At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits…when we engage in energy trade around the world.” 可得知作者態(tài)度還是站在“oil imports”這一邊的，因?yàn)榭梢缘玫健癿assive economic benefits”，所以作者還是在為“oil imports”而申辯的。答案選A。

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

翻譯題目一：為了促進(jìn)教育公平，中國(guó)已投入360億元，用于改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育設(shè)施和中強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育(compulsory education)。這些資金用于改善教學(xué)設(shè)施、購(gòu)買書(shū)籍，使16萬(wàn)多所中小學(xué)受益。資金還用于購(gòu)置音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)器材。現(xiàn)在農(nóng)村和山區(qū)的兒童可以與沿海城市的兒童一樣上音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)課。一些為接受更好教育而轉(zhuǎn)往城市上學(xué)的學(xué)生如今又回到了本地農(nóng)村學(xué)校就讀。

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

<考點(diǎn)解析>

本次四級(jí)翻譯要求我們總共翻譯5句話，重點(diǎn)考查了下面這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)。

① 為了促進(jìn)…in order to promote…

這里的“為了”除了用in order to是常想到的表達(dá)之外，for/for the purpose of。.均可靈活替換。此外，“促進(jìn)”除了可以用promote,還可以用其它的同義詞替換，比如further/boost等。

② 360億元：36 billion

注意：數(shù)字的表達(dá)。如果寫(xiě)成360 billion or 36 billions都是錯(cuò)誤的!

③ 改善教育設(shè)施和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育

improve educational facilities and strengthen rural compulsory education

⑤ 資金用于…funds are used to…

這里要注意“用于”暗含了被動(dòng)的含義。要清楚be used to do sth和be used to doing sth 以及used to do sth。的區(qū)別。

⑥ 使16萬(wàn)多所中小學(xué)受益

….benefiting more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools。

這里可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，還可以用 to make ….beneficial來(lái)表達(dá)。

⑦ 為接受更好教育而轉(zhuǎn)往城市上學(xué)的學(xué)生

students who has transferred to city schools to receive a better education

“為接受更好教育而轉(zhuǎn)往城市上學(xué)”這個(gè)比較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)，可以處理成定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)還可以用分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)，即students transferred to city schools to receive a better education。

【翻譯譯文】：In order to promote equity in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of educational facilities in rural areas and strengthening of rural compulsory education Midwest. These funds were used to improve the teaching facilities, purchase of books, so that more than 160,000 primary and secondary income. Funds are also used to purchase music and painting equipment. Now children in rural and mountainous areas with children’s coastal cities like music and painting lessons. Some receive a better education for the city school students now transferred back to the local rural schools.

翻譯題目二：中國(guó)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展核能，因?yàn)楹穗娔壳爸徽计淇偘l(fā)電量的2%，該比例在所有核國(guó)家中居第30位，幾乎是最低的。2011年3月日本核電站事故后，中國(guó)的核能開(kāi)發(fā)停了下來(lái)，中止審批新的核電站，并開(kāi)展全國(guó)性的核安全檢查。到2012年10月，審批才能又謹(jǐn)慎的恢復(fù)。隨著技術(shù)和安全措施的 改進(jìn)，發(fā)生核事故的可能性完全可以降低到最低限度。換句話說(shuō)核能是可以安全開(kāi)發(fā)和利用的。

詞匯考點(diǎn)：

核能：nuclear power

(中國(guó))總發(fā)電量;the total amount of electricity produced in China

占(比例)：take up

居(位)rank No.. among..

核電站：nuclear power station

審批權(quán)：the examination and approval authority

謹(jǐn)慎地：with caution

恢復(fù)：resume

安全措施：safety measures

語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)： 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

【翻譯譯文】

China should further develop nuclear energy because nuclear power accounts for only 2% of its total generating capacity currently. Such proportion ranks the thirtieth in all the countries possessing nuclear power, which is almost the last.

After Japan’s nuclear power accident in March 2011, nuclear power development in China was suspended, so was the approval of new nuclear power plants. Also, the national safety check for the nuclear power was carried out. IT was not until October 2012 that the approval was prudently resumed.

With the improvement of technology and safety measures, there is little possibility for nuclear accidents to happen. In other words, there won’t be any trouble to develop and exploit the nuclear power.

翻譯題目三：中國(guó)教育工作者早就認(rèn)識(shí)到讀書(shū)對(duì)于國(guó)家的重要意義，有些教育工作者2003年就建議設(shè)立全民讀書(shū)日。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)讀好書(shū)，尤其是經(jīng)典著作。通過(guò)閱讀，人們能更好地學(xué)會(huì)感恩、有責(zé)任心和與人合作，而教育的目的正是要培養(yǎng)這些基本素質(zhì)，閱讀對(duì)于中小學(xué)生尤為重要，假如他們沒(méi)有這個(gè) 關(guān)鍵時(shí)期培養(yǎng)閱讀的興趣，以后要養(yǎng)成閱讀的習(xí)慣就很難了。

【翻譯譯文】Chinese education workers have already realized the significance of reading for a nation. Some workers suggested that we should have a national reading day in 2003. They emphasized that people should read good books especially the classical ones. Through reading, people can learn better how to be grateful, responsible and cooperative. The goal of education is to cultivate these basic personalities. Reading is especially important for middle and primary school students. Suppose they don't nurture the interest of reading at that key moment, it will be harder to develop a habit to read books.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：翻譯部分的難度比2013年的考試是有所變化的，具體表現(xiàn)為：考試重心轉(zhuǎn)向于中國(guó)文化和社會(huì)發(fā)展——中國(guó)教育公平，培養(yǎng)讀書(shū)習(xí)慣和核能的 開(kāi)發(fā)。翻譯與作文對(duì)于句型的應(yīng)用是一樣的，但詞匯方面則要注意“語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯”方法的應(yīng)用，把原文中的陌生詞匯轉(zhuǎn)化為熟知詞匯，應(yīng)用起來(lái)得心應(yīng)手。