?自考學(xué)位英語考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)(三)

學(xué)位英語是各省學(xué)位委員會(huì)組織的考試，實(shí)際上全名是成人高等教育本科畢業(yè)生申請(qǐng)學(xué)士學(xué)位外國(guó)語水平全省統(tǒng)一考試，是非英語專業(yè)的成教、夜大、自考學(xué)生取得學(xué)士學(xué)位必須通過的一項(xiàng)考試。以下是自考學(xué)位英語考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)(三)，希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助。

點(diǎn)擊查看【自考學(xué)位英語考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)(一)】【自考學(xué)位英語考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)(二)】

自考學(xué)位英語考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)(三)

七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

a. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的影響，后面通常不用時(shí)間狀語，但句中常出現(xiàn)already, just,yet 等副

詞。如： Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。

I ’ve just finished reading the novel.我剛剛讀完這本小說。

Have you seen the doctor yet?你看過醫(yī)生了嗎 ?

注： already 和 yet 用法上的區(qū)別：

already 常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet 常用于否定句和疑問句，常用于句末。但already 有時(shí)也可用語疑問句中暗示驚訝的心情。如：

b. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可表示從過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常和for, since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。

如： I have learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born.

注：

(1) for 和 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語的區(qū)別: for + 一段時(shí)間 , since + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間從句 (從句中常用一般過去時(shí))。

(2)表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可和

lately, re cently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past(last) few years……, this week (month,year …… ), all day, all this week等時(shí)間狀語連用。

如： Tom has had a toothache all day.I haven’t heard from him recently.

(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可表示從過去到現(xiàn)在曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過或做過的事情，常和 often, ever, never, before, once, …times等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：I ’ve never been to Beijing. 我從沒去過北京。 He has read this book before.

難點(diǎn)釋疑：

1.點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別

所謂點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞是指含有終止或短暫意義的動(dòng)詞。如：

begin, end, die, buy, borrow, come, arrive,

join, marry 等動(dòng)詞。它們通常不與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：

I have bought a book. 我買了一本書。

I ’ve had this book for three weeks.這本書我已經(jīng)買了三星期了。

2. have got 的含義 .

have got 形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，卻和have是同一個(gè)意思

She has got a slight temperature. She has a slight temperature.她有點(diǎn)發(fā)燒。

3、用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

It is the first / second time.... that…

結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：

It is the first time that I have visited the city.這是我第一次訪問這城市。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

八、過去完成時(shí)

(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去 ”?？梢杂?by,before 等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。如：

By nine o ’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚 9 點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。

(2)表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since 構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：

I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20 分鐘。

He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他說自從 1949 年以來他就在那家工廠工作。

(3)敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過去完成時(shí)。例如：

Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。

I didn ’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.

我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無所知，因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。

(4)在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。例如：

I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已歸還了我借的書。

She found the key that she had lost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。

(5)過去完成時(shí)常常用在賓語從句

(或間接引語 )中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。例如：

He said that he had known her well. 他說他很熟悉她。

I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

(6)在包含有 when, until 等連詞的復(fù)合句中，例如：

When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒來時(shí)雨已停了。

She didn ’t go to bed until she had finished he work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。

(7)動(dòng)詞 think, want, hope, mean, plan,

intend 等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。例如：

They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。

We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我們本來希望能來看看你。

(8)過去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly …when…, no sooner …than …, It was the first (second,etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。例如：

Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他剛到就又走了。

九、將來完成時(shí)

a. 狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如：

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時(shí)他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。

b. 動(dòng)作完成：表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。例如：

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時(shí)，你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了