?2019年自考《英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)》考試重點(diǎn)四

很多同學(xué)對(duì)2019年自考《英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)》考試的重點(diǎn)不是很清楚，那么就跟希賽小編來(lái)了解下，希望能對(duì)各位正在的同學(xué)有所幫助。

Chapter 7 Changes in Word Meaning詞義的演變

Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. Comparatively the content is even more unstable than the form.

Types of Changes 詞義變化的種類(extension,narrowing,degradation,elevation and transfer)

Extension or generalization詞義的擴(kuò)大:is the name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo.[companion (old)one who shares bread (ex)a company]

Narrowing or specialization詞義的縮小：is the opposite of widening meaning. When a common words is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is narrowed. [meat (old)food (na)flesh of animals]

Elevation or amelioration of meaning詞義的升華: the process by which words rise from humble(粗陋的) beginnings to positions of importance. [knight (old)servant (el)rank below baronet從男爵]

Degeneration or pejoration詞義的貶降:A process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or no-affective words come to used in derogatory sense.[silly (old)happy (de)foolish]

Transfer詞義的轉(zhuǎn)移:Words which were used to designate指明 one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.(140)

Causes of Semantic Change詞義變化的原因

Extra-linguistic factors 141

1 Historical reason 2 Class reason (elevation or degradation) 3 Psychological reason

Linguistic factors：the change of meaning may be caused by internal factors with in the language system.

Chapter 8 Meaning and Context 意義和語(yǔ)境

Context in its traditional sense refers to the lexical items that precede or follow a given word. Modern linguists have broadened its scope to include both linguistic and extra-linguistic contexts.

Two types of context

Linguistic context：It refers to the words,clauses,sentences in which a word appears. It may cover a paragraph,a whole chapter and even the entire book.

1) Lexical context：It refers to the word that occurs together with the word in question.

2) Grammatical context：It refers the situation when the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs.

Extra-linguistic context：In a broad sense,it includes the physical situaion as well.it embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.

The role of context語(yǔ)境的作用

Elimination of ambiguity消除歧義

1)Ambiguity due to polysemy or homonymy.

2)Grammatical structure can also lead to ambiguity

Indication of referents限定所指

Provision of clues for inferring word meaning 提供線索以猜測(cè)詞義

最后小編建議大家，如果實(shí)在不知道該怎么備考，就根據(jù)網(wǎng)上教程來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。

點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入：英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)(00832)精講班視頻教程

本視頻課程根據(jù)最新版高等教育自學(xué)考試指定教材《英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)(00832)》精心錄制。課程內(nèi)容包括：考試題型解讀，考試重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)分析介紹，各章節(jié)知識(shí)內(nèi)容精講，典型例題分析講解。