?2019年自考《英語詞匯學》考試重點三

下面是關于2019年自考《英語詞匯學》考試重點三，各位同學可自行參考和學習。

Chapter 5 Word Meaning

The meanings of “Meaning”

Reference(所指):

It is the relationship between language and the word. It is the arbitrary and conventional. It is a kind of abstraction, yet with the help of context, it can refer to something specific.

Concept(概念):It is beyond language is the result of human cognition(認識),reflecting the objective world in the human mind.

Sense(意義):It denotes the relationship inside the language. ‘The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language.’

Motivation(理據(jù))：It accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.

1) Onomatopoeic motivation(擬聲理據(jù)) 2)Morphological motivation (形態(tài)理據(jù))

3)Semantic motivation(詞義理據(jù)) 4)Etymological motivation (詞源理據(jù))

Types of meaning

Grammatical Meaning(語法意義):indicate the grammatical concept(become important only in actual context)

Lexical Meaning (詞匯意義)

Lexical meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning

Lexical meaning has 2 components: Conceptual meaning(概念意義) and associative meaning(關聯(lián)意義)

Conceptual meaning(概念意義): also known as denotative meaning(外延意義)

Associative meaning(關聯(lián)意義):[connotative隱含意義,Stylistic風格意義,Affective感情意義, Collocative搭配意義]

Chapter 6 --Sense relation and semantic field (語義關系和語義場)

Polysemy(多義關系)

Two approached to polysemy: diachronic approach(歷時方法) synchronic approach (共時方法)

Two processed of development: radiation (輻射型)and concatenation (連鎖型)

Homonymy(同形/同音異義關系)

It refers words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.

Types of homonyms

1)Perfect homonyms(完全同音同形異義詞)2)Homophones(同音異義詞)3)Homographs(同形異義詞)

Origins of homonyms

1)change in sound and spelling 2)borrowing 3)Shortening(縮略)

The differences between polysemes(多義詞) and homonyms(同音同形異義詞) ).

1)Homonymy refer to different words which happen to share the same form and polysemy are the one and same word which has sevral distinguishable meaning.

2)Homonymy are from different sources. Polysemy are from the same source.

3)The various meanings of polysemy are correlated and connected to one central meaning.Meanings of different homonymy have nothing to do with one another.

values: Polysemic and homonymous word are stlyistically useful to achieve humour or irony(反話，諷刺),or to heighten(提高) dramatic effect.

Synonymy (同義關系):one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning : absolute synonyms and relative synonyms

Sources of synonyms(同義詞) are :

1)Borrowing 2)Dialects and regional English 3)Figurative and euphemistic use of words 4)Coincidence with idiomatic expressions

Antonymy (反義關系)

It is concerned with semantic opposition. Antonyms can be defined as words which are opposite in meaning.

1)contradictory terms (矛盾反義詞):these antonyms truly represent oppositeness of meaning, such antonyms are non-gradable. They cannot be used in comparative degrees. (single/married)

2)contrary terms (對立反義詞):antonyms of this type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes.(old/young)

3)relative terms(關系反義詞)：(parent/child)sell/buy

Some of the characteristics of antonyms反義關系的特點

1)antonyms are classified on the basis of semantic opposition

2)a word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym

3)antonyms differ in semantic inclusion

4)contrary terms are gradable antonyms

The uses of antonyms

To express economically the opposite of a particular thought for the sake of contrast.(idiom:now and never)

To form anithesis(對比法) to achieve emphasis by putting contrasting idea together.(proverbs and sayings:easy come , easy go)

Hyponymy(上下義關系)

Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. The meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. For example, a cat is hyponym of animal

Superordinate and Subordinate (118)

Semantic Field(詞義場)

Viewing the total meaning in this way is the basis of field theory

e.g.(apple, pear, peach,date,mango,orange,lemon, etc. make up the semantic field of ‘fruits’)

The semantic field of the same concept may not have the same members in different language.

e.g.(aunt in English, may means “父親的姐姐， 媽媽的姐姐，父親哥哥的妻子” in Chinese.(122)

各位同學還可以根據(jù)網(wǎng)上教程來學習，點擊進入：英語詞匯學(00832)精講班視頻教程。課程內(nèi)容包括：考試題型解讀，考試重點難點分析介紹，各章節(jié)知識內(nèi)容精講，典型例題分析講解。