?2019年自考《英語詞匯學(xué)》考試重點(diǎn)一

自考英語詞匯學(xué)考試很多同學(xué)在考試前不知道怎么復(fù)習(xí)，今天希賽小編給2019年自考《英語詞匯學(xué)》整理了一些重點(diǎn)，我們來看看。

Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary

Word: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence

sound and meaning: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”

sound and form: the sound should be similar to the form

Vocabulary: all the words in a language make up its vocabulary

The 3 Stages of Development of E Vocabulary: Old English vocabulary, Middle EV, Modern EV

Classification of English Words According to Different Criteria

The basic word stock: is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language.

Though it constitute a small percentage of the EV, it is the most important part of vocabulary.

The Fundamental Features of the Basic Word Stock:

1)All-National character(全民通用性most important) 2)Stability(相對穩(wěn)定性)

3)Productivity(多產(chǎn)性) 4)Polysemy(多義性) 5)Collocability(可搭配性)

words:(1)Terminology(術(shù)語) (2)Jargon(行話) (3)slang(俚語) (4)Argot(暗語) (5)Dialectal words(方言) (6) Archaisms(古語) (7) Neologisms(新詞語):Neologisms means newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.(email)

Content words (cloud, run walk, never, five, frequently) and functional words (on, of, and, be, but)

Native Words and Loan Words

Native words: known as Anglo-Saxon words (50,000-60,000), are words brought to Britain in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. (mainstream of the basic word-stocks)

Loan words: words taken over from foreign languages.(80% of modern EV)

4 Types of loan words:

1) denizens(同化詞) (shirt from skyrta(ON))

2) aliens(外來詞):are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling (kowtow (CH)磕頭)

3) translation loans(譯借詞):按其他語言方式組成英語 long time no see from China

4) semantic loans(借義詞)：their meanings are borrowed

Chapter 2 the development of the English Vocabulary

The Indo-European Language Family

The Eight Groups in Indo-European Family of Languages

The Balto-slavic Group(波羅的-斯拉夫語族)：Latvian,Russian,Bugarian,Polish,Czech etc.

The Indo-Iranian Group(印度-伊朗語族)：Sanskrit,Hindi,Urdu,Bengali,Persian etc.

The Armenian Group(亞美尼亞語族)：Armenian.

The Albanian Group(阿爾巴尼亞語族)：Albanian.

The Hellenic Group(古希臘語族)：Greek.

The Italian Group(意大利語族)：

Latin,Romance languages(French,Italian,Spanish, portuguess,Romanian) etc.

The Celtic Group(凱爾特語族)：Gaelic,Welsh,Breton etc.

The Germanic Group(日耳曼語族)：

Englsih,German,Dutch,Scandinavian(Norweigian, Swedish,Danish,Icelandic) etc.

The Three Stages of Development of the English Vocabulary@

1 Old English Period or The Anglo-Saxon Period (450-1100) (vocabulary 50,000 to 60,000)

2 Middle English Period (1150-1500)

3 Modern English Period (1500-now): in fact more than 25% of modern E words come almost directly from classical languages. In Modern E, words endings were mostly lost

Modes of V Development(Modern E): 1)creation 2)semantic change 3) borrowing

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