?英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況自考2014年10月真題

英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況自考2014年10月真題及答案解析

該試卷為自考英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況歷年真題試卷，包含答案及詳細(xì)解析。

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題

Multiple Choice Questions (50 points, 1 points for each) Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statements or answers the question. Blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

1._______declared that he, and not the Pope, was the Supreme Head of the Church of England in 1535.

A.James Ⅰ
B.Charles Ⅰ
C.James Ⅱ
D.Henry Ⅷ

2.Which of the following is NOT a comedy written by Shakespeare?

A.Hamlet.
B.As You Like It.
C.Merchant of Venice.
D.Mid-Summer Night’s Dream.

3.In the 17th century England, _______founded the Commonwealth to replace the monarchy.

A.Guy Fawkes
B.Philip Augustus
C.Oliver Cromwell
D.Sir Francis Drake

4._______is generally regarded as the beginning of the modem world history.

A.The English Civil War
B.The English Renaissance
C.The Hundred Years’ War
D.Elizabeth’s religious reform

5.The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the late______century.

A.16th
B.17th
C.18th
D.19th

6.Renaissance, the traditional period between the Middle Ages and modem times, was______.

A.the restoration of the Church of England
B.the restoration of Parliament and Privy Council
C.the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history
D.the revival of contemporary literature and artistic styles in European history

7.The Wars of the Roses were a death blow to_______.

A.serfdom
B.capitalism
C.feudalism
D.the Church Of England

8.The First Civil War (1642一1646) in Britain was fought between_______.

A.the King and the Parliament
B.the nobles and the middle class
C.the Presbyterians and Catholics
D.the yeoman farmers and the artisans

9._______modified and improved the design of the steam engine in 1765.

A.James Watt
B.Abraham Darby
C.Richard Arkwright
D.Henry Court

10.The British Parliament consists of the following EXCEPT______.

A.the Sovereign
B.the House of Lords
C.the House of Commons
D.the House of Representatives

11.The purpose of the crusades from the 11th to 13th centuries was to gain possession of the Christian holy city of______from the Islamic Empire of the Turks.

A.Rome
B.Vatican
C.Mecca
D.Jerusalem

12.One of the most far-reaching consequences of the Second World War was that it_______the end of Britain’s empire.

A.prevented
B.blocked
C.slowed down
D.hastened

13.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Puritans?

A.They wanted to purify the Church of England.
B.They were not wealthy and well-educated gentlemen.
C.They saw the New World as a refugee provided by God.
D.They were not satisfied with the political corruption of England.

14.Out of the war settlement for the First World War came the establishment of the_______, which also created tensions giving rise to the Second World War 20 years later.

A.confederate union
B.federal union
C.League of Nations
D.United Nations

15.Which statement about Britain and the Second World War is NOT correct?

A.Winston Churchill led his country to final victory in 1945.
B.Britain suffered far more military causalities in the Second World War than in the First.
C.The German Blitz radically changed the face of London for the first time since the Great Fire nearly 3 centuries earlier.
D.As a result of the war Britain lost one-quarter of her national wealth and entered upon a period of economic difficulties.

16.During the_______, literature is primarily artistic, rather than philosophical and scholarly.

A.Chartist Movement
B.Reformation
C.English Renaissance
D.Elizabeth’s reign

17.A General Election in Britain must be held every______years and is often held at more frequent intervals.

A.two
B.three
C.four
D.five

18.The British Prime Minister lives at______.

A.Buckingham Palace
B.No. 10 Downing Street
C.Whitehall
D.Windsor

19.Which of the following is a daily newspaper in the U.K.?

A.The Sun.
B.The People.
C.News of the World.
D.Sunday Mirror.

20.The Archbishop of _______ is one of the spiritual of the Church of England.

A.Canterbury
B.Wales
C.Birmingham
D.London

21.At the turn of the 20th century, a group of reform-minded journalists called _______made investigations and exposed dark sides of the seemingly prosperous American society.

A.Muckrakers
B.New Radicals
C.Yellow Journalists
D.Free Riders

22.In_______, some British Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower to escape religious persecution.

A.1520
B.1620
C.1720
D.1820

23.The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are also called_______.

A.the Federalists Papers
B.the Great Compromise
C.the Bill of Rights
D.the Articles of Confederation

24.The policy of containment of Communism led the U.S. into the war in_____which turned out to be the longest war it fought.

A.Korea
B.Congo
C.Greece
D.Vietnam

25.American Congress has many functions, but the most central is______.

A.the representation of the people
B.the passage of laws
C.the discussion of amendments
D.the settlement of differences

26.After the conclusion of the First World War, President______put forward a program of Fourteen Points, which was praised by many as liberal and progressive.

A.Hoover
B.Roosevelt
C.Wilson
D.Johnson

27.The Second Continental Congress in 1775 was held in______.

A.Philadelphia
B.Boston
C.Washington
D.New York

28.Which of the following is run by the government at the federal, state or local levels?

A.Coal industry.
B.Steel industry.
C.Motor industry.
D.Postal service.

29.The open declaration of the U.S. containment policy toward the Soviet Union was made by_______.

A.George Kennan
B.Harry Truman
C.Franklin Roosevelt
D.Teddy Roosevelt

30.The cornerstones of the post-war economic boom (1945—1960s) in the U.S. were the industries of automobile, housing and_______.

A.defense
B.mining
C.food processing
D.service

31.Contradiction between American Congress and the Executive sharpened during the Vietnam War, which resulted finally in the passing of the______.

A.Marshall Plan
B.War Power Act
C.Truman Doctrine
D.Taiwan Relations Act

32.The leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain held______ summit meetings during World War II.

A.two
B.three
C.four
D.five

33.According to the textbook, which statement about the current situation of black Americans is NOT correct?

A.The black people enjoy more rights than ever before.
B.The employment situation is very unfavorable to the blacks.
C.Inequality and subtle discrimination against the blacks still exists.
D.The poverty rate of the blacks is the lowest among all racial and ethnic groups.

34.The immediate cause of America’s entry into World War II was_______.

A.the Japanese invasion of China
B.the Japanese air attack on Pearl Harbor
C.the German invasion of the Soviet Union
D.the German submarine attack on American ships

35.The U.S. President cannot veto a law if Congress passes the law again by a _______vote.

A.two-thirds
B.three-fifths
C.one third
D.one fifth

36.According to the textbook, the U.S. has a_______.

A.state-run economy with a dominant public sector
B.state-run economy with a dominant private sector
C.free-market economy with a dominant public sector
D.free-market economy with a dominant private sector

37.Higher education in the United States started with the founding of_______.

A.Yale University
B.Harvard College
C.Stanford University
D.Massachusetts Institute of Technology

38.Which of the following is the largest group of racial and ethnic minorities in the United States?

A.The Indians.
B.The blacks.
C.The Hispanics.
D.The Asians.

39._______was regarded as the leader of the Transcendentalist Movement in America.

A.Mark Twain
B.Walt Whitman
C.Ralph Waldo Emerson
D.Nathaniel Hawthorn

40.According to the textbook, for the last 20 years Arizona, Nevada and_______ have been the fastest growing states in population.

A.Florida
B.Alaska
C.Montana
D.New Mexico

41.Among the four Australian cities with a population of more than one million, which one is located on the western coast?

A.Perth.
B.Brisbane.
C.Adelaide.
D.Melbourne.

42.Which of the following is NOT a reason for Australia’s dry and hot climate?

A.Australia has few mountains.
B.The equator runs through Australia.
C.Distance from the ocean affects the weather.
D.The air masses that affect Australia are mostly dry, sunny and high pressure cells.

43.Although Australians are the descendents of many nations, most Australians are of_______descent.

A.British
B.Asian
C.Scandinavian
D.Indian

44.With a history of more than 40,000 years, the dominant aspect of Australian Aboriginal culture was_______.

A.their tribal gatherings
B.their belief in the Dreamtime
C.the balance between man and nature
D.a friendly relationship among different tribes

45.The short growing season and thin, rocky soil of the Atlantic provinces in Canada have made_______difficult.

A.mining
B.fishing
C.fanning
D.lumbering

46.The province of lies on the Pacific coast of Canada, which is a land of rugged mountain ranges and fertile river valleys.

A.Nova Scotia
B.Newfoundland
C.British Columbia
D.New Brunswick

47.According to the textbook, _______is the most highly developed region of Canada.

A.Prairie provinces
B.Atlantic provinces
C.the Canadian Shield
D.St. Lawrence-Great Lakes provinces

48.The rainfall in Ireland is______that in Britain.

A.less than
B.similar to
C.much less than
D.more than

49.Ireland declared itself a republic in______.

A.1932
B.1937
C.1948
D.1949

二、回答問(wèn)題

Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(30 points, 3 points for each)

11.What are the main functions of the British Parliament?

12.What kind of people do British popular newspapers appeal to?

13.What are the British official public holidays also called?

14.What were the American wartime objectives after the Pearl Harbor bombing?

15.What do Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots describe?

16.Who were called the Anti-federalists in the U.S. history?

17.What is the most important factor that has influenced the population distribution in Australia?

18.Where did the name “Canada” come from?

19.Who was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control?

110.What are the two main islands that make up New Zealand?

三、解釋術(shù)語(yǔ)

Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points each)

21.The Economist

22.The Beatles

23.Watergate Scandal

24.Tehran Summit (1943)