?英語(yǔ)科技文選自考2010年07月真題

自考責(zé)任編輯：彭雅倩 2019-06-23

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摘要：該試卷為自考英語(yǔ)科技文選歷年真題試卷，包含答案及詳細(xì)解析。

英語(yǔ)科技文選自考2010年07月真題及答案解析

該試卷為自考英語(yǔ)科技文選歷年真題試卷，包含答案及詳細(xì)解析。

一、詞綴題

Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary. (10%)

1.interact 互相作用的

2.lap 與……部分重疊

3.note 概念

4.atomic 亞原子的

5.time 永恒的

6.plant 移植

7.contaminate 污染(名詞)

8.super 極好地

9.dechne 赤緯

10.audible 聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)的

二、填空題

Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form. (12%)

11.border on turn out allow for plug in all at once exposure to a shower of coincide with line with in advance compatible with as near as ________the earphone into the socket marked with PHONES.

12.His behavior ________being crazy.

13.My trip to New York ________Thanksgiving, so I had a big turkey dinner there.

14.Her fur coat ________silk.

15.The subject of the talk is announced a week ________, but the name of the speaker is not.

16.Those computer programs are ________each other; they can run at the same time.

17. ________one can guess, there will be great progress on economic cooperation between them.

18.The company needed to ________larger spindles for larger machine tools.

19.It is a very faint radio hiss that comes from every direction, ________.

110.We must ________losing our way in the dark.

111.The material will corrode after prolonged ________acidic gases.

112.A0620-00 was discovered in 1975, when it emitted ________light and X rays.

三、選詞填空題

Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. (8%)

21.to in like automotive remains principle novel causes Hydrogen is the fuel of the future. Unfortunately, one problem(23): Hydrogen is a gas and cannot easily be pumped into a tank(24)gasoline. Storage(25)the form of solid hydrides, chemical compounds of hydrogen and a metal or semimetal, are good storage materials in(26), but have not been well suited(27)automotive applications. An American research team at the Ford Motor Company in Dearborn and the University of California, Los Angeles, has now developed a (28)hydride that could be a useful starting point for the development of future(29)hydrogen-storage materials. As Jun Yang and his team have reported, an “autocatalytic” reaction mechanism(30)the composite made of three different hydrides to rapidly release hydrogen at lower temperatures and without dangerous by-products.

四、用法說(shuō)明題

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10%)

31.project oneself intopuzzle overno wondershiftbe doomed to31、你或許覺(jué)察到重點(diǎn)已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移了。32、那道幾何題讓他苦苦思索了一個(gè)上午。33、設(shè)想你自己處于未來(lái)世界，描述一下半個(gè)世紀(jì)以后的生活。34、這個(gè)計(jì)劃從一開(kāi)始就注定要失敗。35、難怪你找不到鑰匙，它掉到電視機(jī)后邊去了。

五、翻譯題

Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15%)

41.Our objective was to combine these approaches and to analyze the relationship between perceived air quality and psychosomatic symptoms in adults and respiratory and allergic illnesses among schoolchildren and to screen for possible behavioral changes related to air quality. To achieve this, typical rural communities (without industrial sources) in the alpine area of Tyrol with contrasting amounts of traffic exposure were sampled and compared with respect to the objectives. Traffic flow through these valleys (20% heavy trucks) has quadrupled since 1970 and concern was raised about a deterioration of living quality in these residential areas.

六、閱讀理解題

Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)

51.

(A) Every year geohazards—such as volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides and tsunamis—claim thousands of lives, devastate homes and destroy livelihoods. In an effort to reduce their impact, more than 250 scientists from around the world gathered for a five-day workshop at ESA’s Earth Observation Centre in Frascati, Italy, to adopt a declaration for an internationally coordinated program to help save lives and reduce human suffering worldwide. Because of their unique, panoramic view from space, Earth Observation (EO) satellites can regularly monitor high-risk regions—namely over volcanoes, major landslides and seismic faults. Satellite imagery combined with in-situ measurements make it possible to produce hazard maps, disaster scenarios, forecasts and post-event assessments maps. “This workshop is very beneficial because it attracts experts from approximately 40 countries in the field of geohazards and allows us to present results of EO applications from our respective countries,” Dr Vernon H. Singhroy, Senior Research Scientist at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, said. “ESA is leading the way in satellite observations and applications for geohazards,” Singhroy continued. “As a community, we learn from the extensive applications of geohazard processes, such as InSAR monitoring, across Europe conducted through ESA programs. Data from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instruments like those flown aboard ESA’s Envisat and ERS-2 satellites are the basis for a technique called SAR interferometry, or InSAR for short. InSAR involves combining two or more radar images of the same ground location in such a way that very precise measurements —down to a scale of a few millimetres—can be made of any ground motion taking place between image acquisitions. Because very small movements can potentially be detected across tectonic plates grinding past one another or the slow “breathing” of active volcanoes, for example, InSAR has achieved spectacular results in various fields such as the monitoring of volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides and land subsidence. “The integration of in-situ observations with satellite observations helps us to better understand and forecast specific geological phenomena like volcanoes and seismic sites,” said Jacques Varet, Director of Strategic Planning for Geoscience for a sustainable Earth (BRGM) and Vice President of EuroGeoSurveys.“In-situ observations have a local approach while space-based observations have a global approach. With these communities working together, we integrate our approach and enlarge our horizon.” Which of the following would probably NOT be found in geohazards?

A.A heavy fall of earth and rocks down the side of a mountain.
B.A heavy rain.
C.A long high sea wave.
D.An ejection of lava.

52.Hazard maps can be produced with_______.

A.the pictures taken by the satellite
B.the measurements made by the satellite
C.the pictures taken and the measurements made by the satellite
D.the pictures taken by the satellite and the measurements made where the hazard occurred

53.The word “seismic” in line 2, para 2, is closest in meaning to______.

A.relating to earthquakes
B.relating to land subsidence
C.relating to tsunamis
D.relating to landslides

54.What can be inferred about ESA from the passage?

A.It is a space organization in Europe.
B.It is a space organization in Italy.
C.It is a geological organization in Europe.
D.It is a geological organization in Italy.

55.With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?

A.InSAR can predict volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides and land subsidence.
B.InSAR can make precise measurements of any ground motion.
C.In-situ observations and satellite observations jointly help to better understand and forecast specific geohazards.
D.ESA is leading the way in satellite observations and applications for geohazards.

56.

(B) Non-indigenous species of plants and animals arrive by way of two general types of pathways. First, species having origins outside the US may enter the country and become established either as free-living populations or under human cultivation—for example, in agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, or as pets. Some cultivated species subsequently escape or are released and also become established as free-living populations. Second, species of either US or foreign origin and already within the US may spread to new locales. Pathways of both types include intentional as well as unintentional species transfers. Rates of species movement driven by human transformations of natural environments as well as by human mobility-through commerce, tourism, and travel—greatly exceed natural rates by comparison. While geographic distributions of species naturally expand or contract over historical time intervals, species’ ranges rarely expand thousands of miles or across physical barriers such as oceans or mountains. Habitat modification can create conditions favorable to the establishment of non-indigenous species. Soil disturbed in construction and agriculture is open for colonization by non-indigenous weeds, which in turn may provide habitats for the non-indigenous insects that evolved with them. Human-generated changes in fire frequency, grazing intensity, as well as soil stability and nutrient levels similarly facilitate the spread and establishment of non-indigenous plants. When human changes to natural environments span large geographical areas, they effectively create passages for species movement between previously isolated locales. The rapid spread of the Russian wheat aphid to fifteen states in just two years following its 1986 arrival has been attributed in part to the prevalence of alternative host plants that are available when wheat is not. Many of these are non-indigenous grasses recommended for planting on the forty million or more acres enrolled in the US Department of Agriculture Conservation Reserve Program. A number of factors perplex quantitative evaluation of the relative importance of various entry pathways. Time lags often occur between establishment of non-indigenous species and their detection, and tracing the pathway fora long-established species is difficult. Experts estimate that non-indigenous weeds are usually detected only after having been in the country for thirty years or having spread to at least ten thousand acres. In addition, federal port inspection, although a major source of information on non-indigenous species pathways, especially for agriculture pests, provides data only when such species enter via closely-examined routes. Finally, some comparisons between pathways defy quantitative analysis—for example, which is more “important”: the entry path of one very harmful species or one by which many but less harmful species enter the country? Which of the following about species movement is best supported by the passage?

A.Human factors affect its rates more than its long-term amount.
B.Natural expansions of species account for their slow contractions.
C.Natural environments created by human facilitate species movement.
D.Long-range species movement relies on the ranges of man’s mobility.

57.According to the passage, the US Department of Agriculture______.

A.is liable for the fast distribution of the Russian wheat pest
B.failed to isolate the Russian wheat aphid in limited locales
C.provides data about foreign species imported by regulated routes
D.is responsible for introducing harmful plants onto federal lands

58.All of the following affect the movement of species EXCEPT_____.

A.earth fertility
B.import restrictions
C.natural obstacles
D.fire disasters

59.To determine the entry pathway for a non-native species is LEAST likely to depend on_____.

A.whether the species is considered to be a pest
B.whether the species enters by a closely-checked route
C.the rate at which the species extends geographically
D.the magnitude of the average number of the species

510.Which of the following may best express the purpose of the last paragraph?

A.To explain the difficulties in tracing the pathways for long-established species.
B.To describe the events leading to the detection of non-indigenous species.
C.To identify the problems in assessing the weight of entry tracks for foreign species
D.To discuss the role of time lags and geographic expansion in species detection.

七、信息題

Directions: Read the following passage, and then fill in the table with the information based on the passage. (10%×2%)

61. Every once in a while the government here passes out an order banning shop keepers from providing plastic bags to customers for carrying their purchases, with little lasting effect. Plastic bags are very popular with both retailers as well as consumers because they are cheap, strong, lightweight, functional, as well as a hygienic means of carrying food as well as other goods. Even though they are one of the modern conveniences that we seem to be unable to do without, they are responsible for causing pollution, killing wildlife, and using up the precious resources of the earth. Here are some of the harmful effects of plastic bags: Plastic bags litter the landscape. Once they are used, most plastic bags go into landfill, or rubbish tips. Each year more and more plastic bags are ending up littering the environment. Once they become litter, plastic bags find their way into our waterways, parks, beaches, and streets. And, if they are burned, they infuse the air with toxic fumes. Plastic bags kill animals. About 100,000 animals such as dolphins, turtles, whales and penguins are killed every year due to plastic bags. Many animals ingest plastic bags, mistaking them for food, and therefore die. And worse, the ingested plastic bag remains intact even after the death and decomposition of the animal. Thus, it lies around in the landscape where another victim may ingest it. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable. And one of the worst environmental effects of plastic bags is that it is non-biodegradable. The decomposition of plastic bags takes about 1000 years.