?現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2014年10月真題試題（00830）

現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2014年10月真題試題與答案解析（00830）

現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2014年10月真題試題與答案解析（00830），本試卷總共100分。

一、單項選擇題

Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% ×10=20% )

1.The framework of design features was proposed by a linguist called ( ).

A.Saussure
B.Chomsky
C.Hockett
D.Sapir

2.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ( ) features.

A.segmental
B.morphological
C.distinctive
D.suprasegmental

3.Structurally speaking, the word “agreement” consists of two meaningful components which cannot be analyzed any further, i. e., “agree” and “-ment”. We call these meaningful components at the lowest level of a word “( )”.

A.roots
B.morphemes
C.stems
D.affixes

4.The sentence “l(fā)f it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.” belongs to the type of ( ).

A.simple sentence
B.compound sentence
C.coordinate sentence
D.complex sentence

5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze ( ) meaning.

A.sentence
B.utterance
C.lexical
D.grammatical

6.According to ( ), speech acts fall into five general categories, which include representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declarations.

A.Searle
B.Austin
C.Grice
D.Leech

7.The major topics of historical linguistics do NOT include ( ).

A.the historical development of languages and processes involved in language change
B.the nature of language change and its causes
C.variation in language in different places and among different groups at a given point of time
D.methods and techniques to reconstruct linguistic history and establish the relationship between languages that belong to the same language family

8.( ) is an example of official bilingualism where French and English are recognized official languages.

A.USA
B.Canada
C.Singapore
D.Australia

9.The mental function of ( ) is under the control of the left hemisphere.

A.language and speech
B.visual and spatial skills
C.holistic reasoning
D.recognition of patterns

10.The utterances of children at early ( ) stage typically lack inflectional morphemes and most minor lexical categories.

A.prelinguistic
B.one-word
C.two-word
D.multiword

二、單詞填空

Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.( 1% ×10=10% )

11.As traditional grammars aim to lay down rules for “correct” behavior, they are said to be p_______.

12.As a phonological rule, the d rule tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is orthographically represented.

13.As part of a word, a r cannot stand by itself although it carries clear, definite meaning; it must be combined with other morphemes to form a word.

14.Introductory words such as “that”, “if”, “until”, “after”, “before” which arc required by most embedded clauses are called s .

15.Major sense relations include s , polysemy, hononymy, hyponymy and antonymy.

16.The l_____________ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.

17.The Old English word “nicht”, pronounced as /nixt/, and its present form “night”, pronounced as /nait/ with the voiceless velar fricative /x/ absent, show an example of sound l__________.

18.Taboo and e are two faces of the same communication coin.

19.The most important part of the brain is the outside surface of the brain, called the cerebral c .

110.According to Krashen, a refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.

三、判斷改錯題

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. ( 2%×10=20% )

21.Diachronic linguistics focuses on the description of language at some point in time while synchronic linguistics focuses on the description of language development through time.

22.The two labiodental sounds in English [f], [v] are produced by bringing the lower lip into contact with the upper lip.

23.SufTixcs are added to the end of stems; they modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech.

24.NP and AP are essential components of a sentence, comprising the subject and the predicate of a sentence.

25.Sentence meaning consists of two aspects: grammatical meaning and semantic meaning.

26.The meaning of the word “bank” cannot be determined by the context of the sentence “There is a bank over there”.

27.While Middle English resembles Old English to a great degree, it looks very different from Modern English.

28.The standard variety of language is better than other varieties.

29.Lateralization is an evolutionary precondition of the development of superior intelligence as well as a precondition of language acquisition.

210.The fossilization of the learner"s interlanguage is believed to be a major source of incorrect forms resistant to further instruction.

四、名詞解釋

Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% ×10=30% )

31.langue

32.intonation

33.bound morphemes

34.syntactic category

35.componential analysis

36.tterance meaning

37.blending

38.speech variety

39.the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

310.error analysis

五、問答題

Directions: Answer the following questions.( 10% ×2=20% )

41.Are the following combinations of phonemes permissible in English? If not, please give your reasons.[lkid], [rb?t]. [wksi]. [prsil].

42.Please explain the sociological triggers for language change with examples.