?現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2017年10月真題試題（00830）

現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2017年10月真題試題與答案解析（00830）

現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2017年10月真題試題與答案解析（00830），本試卷總共100分。

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題

Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% ×10=20% )

1. Language is “the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols”, which was proposed by ____.

A.Chomsky
B.Hall
C.Sapir
D.Saussure

2. Of the following features, ______is NOT a suprasegmental feature.

A.stress
B.tone
C.intonation
D.phoneme

3. The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word are called _______rules.

A.phonological
B.morphological
C.syntactic
D.semantic

4. In the X-bar theory, the specifier of the phrase “very curious of the answer” is____.

A.very
B.curious
C.the
D.answer

5. Predication analysis is a way to analyze ______meaning.

A.sentence
B.utterance
C.lexical
D.pragmatic

6. A _____analysis of an utterance reveals what the speaker intends to do with it.

A.syntactic
B.semantic
C.pragmatic
D.psycholinguistic

7. The work of the ______marked the beginning of the discovery of Indo-European language family.

A.British scholar Sir William Jones
B.German linguist Franz Bopp
C.Danish scholar Rasmus Rask
D.German scholar Jacob Grimm

8. There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, and how we use this knowledge in actual speech production and____, which is our linguistic performance.

A.communication
B.comprehension
C.creation
D.perception

9. When we speak, words are sent to_____, which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.

A.Wernicke’s area
B.Broca’s area
C.the angular gyrus
D.the motor area

10. When children’s language develops towards the early ______stage, negative words occur at the beginning of expressions, for example, “No mitten”, “No singing song”.

A.prelinguistic
B.one-word
C.two-word
D.multiword

二、單詞填空

Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.( 1% ×10=10% )

11.Similar to Saussure, Chomsky thinks that what linguists should study is the ideal speaker’s competence, not his p____ , which is too haphazard to be studied.

12.The a____ rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme.

13.Syntactically, the part of speech of a compound is generally determined by the part of speech of the s____ element.

14. A c_____ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.

15.Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s___ restrictions.

16.According to John Austin, p____ were sentences which did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.

17.Language change is largely a process of b____ between the simplification and the elaboration of rules, between the need to reduce memory burdens and the need to maintain communicative clarity.

18.Sociolinguists are particularly interested in three types of speech variety, or dialects, namely, r____ dialects, social dialects, and registers.

19.For most individuals, the l___ hemisphere is dominant for language.

110.Adults are motivated to learn a second language because of a communicative need. They may learn a second language in order to use it socially, in which case i____ motivation occurs.

三、判斷改錯(cuò)題

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. ( 2%×10=20% )

21. The grammar taught to learners of a language today is still basically descriptive in the sense that it tells learners what they should say, or what is supposed to be correct usage.

22. The study of the speech sounds which distinguish meaning is called phonetics.

23. A bound root, often seen as part of a word, can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.

24. Pronoun is a major lexical category in the English language.

25. There are two aspects to sentence meaning: lexical meaning and semantic meaning.

26. The illocutionary point of representatives is to commit the speaker to something’s being the case, to the truth of what has been said.

27. Many of the most basic terms in the English language originate from Middle English.

28. The sentence “He crazy” is acceptable in Black English vernacular because the absence of the copula “be” is an obvious feature of Black English.

29. According to Eric Lenneberg, prior to the completion of the lateralization process both brain hemispheres are involved to some extent in language.

210. It is widely recognized that children across cultures follow a similar route of development in acquiring their native language.

四、名詞解釋

Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% ×10=30% )

31. productivity

32. phones

33. bound morphemes

34. universal grammar

35. entailment

36. commissives

37. blending

38. speech community

39. brain lateralization

310. Krashen’s learning

五、問答題

Directions: Answer the following questions.( 10% ×2=20% )

41. Explain the deletion rule with examples.

42. Please define semantic change and illustrate the major types of semantic change with examples.