?專升本英語考試?？及舜髸r態(tài)！

專升本英語八大時態(tài)：

一般現(xiàn)在時

1、概念：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況;有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況;總是發(fā)生的;事實真理。

2.時間狀語: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc.

3.基本結構：主語+動詞原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)

4.否定形式：主語+am / is / are+not+其他;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加 don't，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。

5.一般疑問句：把 be 動詞放于句首;用助動詞 do 提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 does，同時，還原行為動詞。

eg：①It seldom snows here. 這里很少下雪。②He is always ready to help others. 他總是樂于幫助別人。③Action speaks louder than words. 事實勝雄辯。

一般過去時

1.概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài);過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。

2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc.

3.基本結構：主語+動詞的過去式或 be 的過去式+名詞

4.否定形式：主語+was / were+not+其他;在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。

5.一般疑問句：was 或 were 放于句首;用助動詞 do 的過去式 did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。

eg：①She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們。②I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你這么忙。

一般將來時

1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。

2.時間狀語：Tomorrow, next day (week,month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow,etc.

3.基本結構：主語+am/is / are+going to+do+其它;主語+will / shall+do+其它

4.否定形式：主語+am /is/ are not going to+do;主語+will / shall not do+其它

5.一般疑問句：be 放于句首;will / shall 提到句首。(首字母大寫)

eg：①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將在學習中與我們競爭。②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。

一般過去將來時

1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。

2.時間狀語：The next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.

3.基本結構：主語+was / were+going to+do+其它;主語+would / should+do+其它

4.否定形式：主語+was / were+not+going to+do+其它;主語+would/should+not+do.

5.一般疑問句：was 或 were 放于句首;would / should 提到句首

eg：①He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 他說他第二天要去北京。②I asked who was going there. 我問，誰要去那里。

現(xiàn)在進行時

1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。

2.時間狀語：Now, at this time, days, look, listen, etc.

3.基本結構：主語+be+doing+其它

4.否定形式：主語+be+not+doing+其它

5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。

eg：

①Are you feeling good today?你今天感覺如何?

②He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。

過去進行時

1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。

2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。

3.基本結構: 主語+was / were+doing+其它

4.否定形式：主語+was/were+not+doing+其它

5.一般疑問句：把 was 或 were 放于句首。(第一個字母大寫)

eg：①At that time she was working in a company. 那段時間她在一家公司工作。②When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 他進來時，我正在讀報紙。

現(xiàn)在完成時

1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。

2.時間狀語：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+時間點，for+時間段，recently, lately, in the past few years,etc.

3.基本結構：主語+have / has+過去分詞+其它

4.否定形式：主語+have / has+not+過去分詞+其它

5.一般疑問句：have 或 has 放句首。

eg：①I've written an article. 我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文。②The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 在過去的幾年，農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

過去完成時

1.概念：過去發(fā)生或者已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。

2.時間狀語：before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.

3.基本結構：had+done.

4.否定形式：had+not+done.

5.一般疑問句：had 放于句首。

6.用法：

(1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句中。

eg：She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她從來沒有去過巴黎。

(2)在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。

eg：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時，小偷們早就跑了。

(3)表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"。

eg：

①We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。

②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我剛打開門，他就打了我。(注意：had hardly… when... 剛......就......)

③He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。(注意：had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……)

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