?2021年河南公共英語真題及答案（含考點(diǎn)及解析）

2021年河南省普通高等學(xué)校

專科畢業(yè)生進(jìn)入本科階段學(xué)習(xí)考試

公共英語

小編推薦：2015年-2021年河南專升本真題匯總（更新中）

注意事項(xiàng)：

答題前，考生分必將自己的姓名、考場號(hào)、座位號(hào)、考生號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。本卷的試題答案必須答在答題卡上，答在試卷上無效。

Part I Reading Comprehension (2* 20 points)

Passage 1

Some people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sportswomen kills the essence of spor-the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they will become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself, and he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for the entire nation's hopes, dreams and reputation.

A good example is the FIFA World Cup. Football is the third most important sport in the world. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success, Mention Argentina to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup put Argentina, on the map,

Some sports fans and supporters get quite unreasonable about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. In 1978, thousands of the Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Argentina,where the finals were played.

So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentinean really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most slilful at football, their nation is in every way better than all others? Not really. But it's nice to know that you won and that in one way at least your country is the best.

1. What is the author's main purpose in the passage?

A. To explain the role of sport.

B. To compare Scotland with Argentina.

C. To show that Argentina is better than all others.

D. To prove that football is the world's third most important sport.

2. In the second paragraph, the underlined word "summit" means____.

A. award

B. summary

C. highest point

D.mountain top

3. According to the passage, Argentina is world-famous because of its____.

A. obvious position on the map

B. sucess in the World Cup

C. excellence in the most important sports

D. large number of sports fans and supporters

4. If a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will____.

A. fail to succeed

B. lose enjoyment

C. be successful

D.be unreasonable

5. What is the author's atitude towards international games?

A. Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefield.

B. Nations that win the World Cup are regarded as best in all aspects.

C. Nations that win in international games prove the best on the sports feld at least.

D. Nations that give much atention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.

Passage 2.

For years and years people have been saying that the railways are dead. "We can do without railways, people say, as if motorcars and planes made the railways unecessary. We all keep hearing that trains are slow, that they lose money, and that they're dying. But this is far from the truth. In these days when oil is expensive, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you want to carry people or goods from place to place, they're cheaper than planes.

Railways have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and so does a railway. What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another. But a railway doesn't leave you as a plane does, miles and miles away from the city center. It doesn't hold you up as a motorcar does, in endless traffic jams. And a single train can carry goods which no plane or motorcar could ever do.

Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive. Modem railway lines give you a smooth, untroubled journey. Where else can you eat well, sleep in comfor, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning. We have entered the age of superfast trains, traveling at 150 miles an hour and more. Soon we will be wondering why spend so much on motorways we can't use because We don't have enough money to buy oil and planes we can't fly for the same reason.

6. Some people think the railways are dead for many reasons except that____.

A. trains are dying

B. oil is expensive today

C. trains are slow

D. railways lose money

7. The author's idea about railways seems to be that____.

A. we can do without railways

B. trains have much in common with motorcars and planes

C. motorcars and planes are not as good as trains

D. trains are as good as motorcars and planes

8. According to the author, which of the following is NOT true?

A. It is cheaper to travel by train than by plane.

B. The railway station is usually in the center of a city.

C. When you get off the plane you will find yourself right in the city center.

D. No motorcar or plane can cary as many goods as a train does in a cheap way.

9. According to the author, the disadvantage of motorcars and planes is that____.

A. they cannot travel fast enough

B. too much money, will be spent on oil

C. they cannot give a smooth, untroubled journey

D. the travelers cannot enjoy the scene in their journey

10. What's the main idea of the passage?

A. The railways are dead now.

B. Motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary.

C. We've entered the age of superfast trains.

D. The advantages of the railways enable them be alive even nowadays.

Passage 3

The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever ataining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.

As a result, many people avoid the very atempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, self-improvement.

Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is flled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.

Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or three-day vacation. 1 don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children ever know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.

Understanding and acepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

11. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because____.

A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities

B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single

C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage

D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and exciterment

12. Raising children, in the author's opinion, is____.

A. a moral duty

B. a thankless job

C. a rewarding task

D. a source of inevitable pain

13. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems form____.

A. hatred

B. misunderstanding

C. prejudice

D. ignorance

14. To understand what true happiness is one must____.

A. have as much fun as possible during one's lifetime.

B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain.

C. put up with pain under all circumstances.

D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun.

15. What is the author trying to tell us?

A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.

B. One must know how to attain happiness.

C. It is important to make commitments.

D. It is pain that leads to happiness.

Passage 4

Everyone knows that laziness is a sin. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wishes to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or for fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed (喪失活動(dòng)能力的) by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements, that they are unable to deal with whatever "Iesser" work is on hand. Still other pcople are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating ( 拖延) rescheduling their day.

Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating (深思) and researching. We all should remember that some great scientific discoveries ocurred by chance or while some were“goofing off”(磨洋工) . Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he discovered the law of universal gravitation. Sometimes, being "lazy"一that is, taking time off for a rest-is good for overworked students or executives. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who trying too hard or the doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when you are tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.

16. The underlined word "that" in the First paragraph refers to“____”

A. laziness is immoral

B. laziness is wasteful

C. lazy people will never amount to anything in life

D. all of the above

17. The first paragraph is motly devoted to the discussion of____.

A. Complex reasons that make people seem lazy

B. serious problems that lazy people suffer from

C. other sorts of fantasies that may prevent work

D. great deals that people are busy planning

18. According to the second paragraph, being "lazy" is good for____.

A. a student who is on holiday

B. a doctor who is working overtime

C. an executive who is on leave

D. an athlete who is not training

19. The tone of the passage is____.

A. Cautious

B. carcless

C. optimistic

D. pessimistic

20. What does the writer intend to tell us in the passage?

A. Laziness is definitely a sin.

B. Laziness can be of great help all the time.

C. Laziness makes people good for nothing.

D. Laziness should be properly defined.

Part I1 Close (1*20 points)

You've just been given a major task and want to do it well, but it seems that 21 you get started, you're interrupted. First, Jane stops 22 .Then, it's the phone. Later, your boss tells you to drop everything-- she's got a rush job. And you have that meeting at three!

All these things are important.. 23. you could rearrange them without breaking your. 24. And you can! We've heard about Quality time at home--why not quality time on the job Beginby. 25 out those parts of the day. 26 you' re most 27 .You may work best in the morning or in the afternoon. No matter when-just find your time and buildawall. 28 it.

Say 29 for you,_ 30 time begins at ten; 31 on your major task then, and don't let anything interrupt you. If you have a secretary, tell her or him to hold 32 calls and visitors, if you don', try to ask a colleague to help you. The 33 is that both outsiders and colleagues will know that you will not be. 34 for a part of each day, Why? Because you are working!

Prepare for this special block of time as carefully 35 you would for an important meeting. Don't waste precious minutes searching for memos of notes, Be read. 36 precisely at ten, and get the most 37 every second. You might like to use your.38 simply for thinking about a projeet, problem or a new idea.

Start small-- maybe thirty or forty minutes, three times a week, building 39 at least an hour. Sure, you'll have to chip away at your block a ltte sometimes, but guard that hour as you would any other valued. 40 .

21. A. because B. the minute C. so that D. even if

22.A.by B. in C. out D. over .

23. A. Where B. but C. If only D. Otherwise

24. A. interest B. promise C. condition D. concentration

25. A. finding B. found C. being found D. find

26. A. it B. out which C. why D. during which

27. A. successful B. creative C. tired D. sleepy

28. A. around B. behind C. far from D. above

29. A. what B. how C. that D. whether

30. A. lunch B. work C. task D. quality

31. A. Call B. Focus C. Depend D. Feed

32. A. all B. both C. none D. either

33. A. question B. demand C. news D. point

34. A. reasonable B. available C. embarrassing D. confusing

35. A. less . B. more C. as D. than

36. A. to begin B. beginning C. having begun D. began

37. A. on B. with C. out of D. over

38. A. memories B. blocks C. experiences D. relationships

39. A. compared to B.ducto. C. other than D. up to

40. A. possession B. position C. satisfaction D. doubt

Part II True or False (2*5 points)

Sometimes you'll hear people say that you can't love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you'll hear people say that you can't expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you've got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we' re the apple of our parents' eyes, and that our grandmas think we are great talents and our uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it's a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you built a positive self- image and learn to love yourself.

The self-image is your own mind's picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our selfimages are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these self-images are more negative than what they should be, and thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.

The best way to defeat a passive selfimage is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, and wrie down all of the great things you do every day. Don't allow doubts to occur in it.

It might well be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can't move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you are silly because you aren't good at math, find a tutor. If you think you are weak because you can't run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you are dull because you don't follow the latest trends, buy a few new clothes.

The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objctive and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat yourself on the back, you'll know you' re well on your way.

( )41. We can conclude that both adolescents and parents are the intended readers of the passage.

( )42. You need to build a positive self-image when you feel it hard to change yourself

( )43. According to the passage, our self-image are probably untrue.

( )44. If you want to change your self image, you should change the way you think.

( )45. The passage mainly talks about how to build a positive self-image.

Part IV Translation (40 points)

Section A English-Chinese Translation (2*5)

46. Everyone is studying hard to improve academic scores. How can you stop them?

A.為了提高學(xué)業(yè)成績，所有人都在努力學(xué)習(xí)。你怎么可以阻止他們呢?

B.為了改善學(xué)習(xí)成績，每個(gè)人一直努力學(xué)習(xí)。你為什么要阻止他們呢?

C.每個(gè)人只是為了改變學(xué)術(shù)方式而努力學(xué)習(xí)。你怎么可以阻止他們呢?

D.所有人都在為了改變學(xué)業(yè)成績而刻苦學(xué)習(xí)。你為什么要阻止他們呢?

47. The new expanded swimming pool is twice the size of the previous one.

A.新的游泳池比舊的游泳池大兩倍。

B.新修建的游泳池在尺寸上比先前的小兩倍。

C.新擴(kuò)建的游泳池是先前的兩倍大。

D.先前的游泳池是新修建的兩倍大。

48. Hardly had the football match begun when it started raining.

A.足球比賽還未開始，天就下雨了。

B.足球比賽無法開始了，天為下雨了。

C.足球比賽已經(jīng)開始了，天也不下雨了。

D.足球比賽剛開始天就下雨了。

49. There were so many customers in the shop during the Spring Festival that shop assistant couldn't offer timely service to all of them.

A.春節(jié)期間，因?yàn)檫@家商店的顧客如此多，店員不能為顧客提供及時(shí)的服務(wù)。

B.春節(jié)期間，這家商店的顧客如此多，以至于店員不能為所有的顧客提供及時(shí)的服務(wù)。

C.這家商店在春節(jié)期間的顧客很多，但是店員能及時(shí)為顧客提供服務(wù)。.

D.這家商店在春節(jié)期間有如此多的顧客，但店員能為所有的顧客提供服務(wù)。

50. As long as he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes it.

A.除非他努力工作，我不介意他什么時(shí)候完成。

B.如果他認(rèn)真工作，我就不會(huì)介意他什么時(shí)候完成。

C.只要他勤奮工作，我不介意他在哪里完成。

D.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么時(shí)候完成。

Section B Blanked Cloze (3*5)

剪紙(paper cutig)是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國剪紙有一千五百 多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特別流行。特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙?jiān)谑澜绺鞯睾苁軞g迎，并經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國友人的禮物。

Paper cutting is one of China's most popular traditional 51 Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1, 500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynaties. Spring Festival and 52, in particular, paper cuttings are used to 53 doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the 54. The color most frequently used in paper cutig is red, which 55 health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.

A. folk arts B. happy hours C. wedding celebrations

D. create E. joyous atmosphere F. marriage

G. symbolizes H. decorate I. cultural J. engagement

Section C Chinese- English Translation (3*5)

56.工作越努力，你的進(jìn)步就越大。

57.不管你是誰，都要遵守法律。

58.這是她見過的最漂亮的學(xué)校。

59.我們期待在未來我們的學(xué)校會(huì)有振奮人心的發(fā)展。

60.政府讓公眾相信這個(gè)問題很快會(huì)得到解決。

Part V Error Correction (2* 10 points)

61. It is hard for me to get ready for the trip all by me.

ItA getB  for C  meD

62. IfI had wings，I will fly back to my hometown as soon as possible.

wingsA   willB  back C   soonD

63. We can't go outside now because the rain is too big.

outsideA   becauseB    isC  bigD

64. Those who have not hand in compositions are required to band it in today.

ThoseA   haveB   compositionsC   bandD

65. Because it costs too much, the tool limit in practical use.

BecauseA    tooB  limitC  practicalD

66. His friends appreciate to work with him, because he has a good sense of humor.

toA   workB    a goodC     humorD

67. Neither I nor his friends was interested in this novel when it was published.

NeitherA     wasB   whenC    publishedD

68. Weather permits, she will go out for a walk after supper with her parents.

permitsA      willB   go out forC   supperD

69. It was in the 2000 when the country sccessfully launched the first manned spaceship.

wasA      whenB  sccessfullyC   the firstD

70. He came to an conclusion that the greatest speed in the universe was that of light.

toA   thatB  greatestC  wasD

Part V Writing (1*20 points)

Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write a composition on the topic:

Different Attitudes towards Shopping. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.

1.有人認(rèn)為購物使人感到有趣;

2.有人認(rèn)為購物只是-項(xiàng)任務(wù);

3.你對購物的看法。

2021年英語真題及解析

Part I Reading Comprehension

Passage 1

1. [答案] A

[考點(diǎn)]主旨大意題

[解析]題干大意是:文中作者的主要目的是什么?第- -段講述了體育運(yùn)動(dòng)員肩負(fù)著整個(gè)國家的希望、夢想和榮譽(yù);第二、三段以國際足聯(lián)世界杯為例講述了贏得比賽會(huì)給國家?guī)矸e極影響;最后一段進(jìn)行總結(jié):在國際比賽中的獲勝至少能證明這個(gè)國家在這方面實(shí)力強(qiáng)大。由此可推知,本文主要是解釋體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的作用。故選A.

2. [答案] C

[考點(diǎn)]詞語理解題

[解析]題干大意是:第二段中畫線詞“summit"的意思是:根據(jù)第二段最后三句"Winning the World Cup s..Mention Argentina to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup put Argentina on the map."可知，贏得世界杯可能意味著獲得了國際足球運(yùn)動(dòng)的最大勝利;一提起阿根廷，大家可能會(huì)想到足球;在某種意義上，阿根廷因?yàn)橼A得了世界杯才名揚(yáng)四方。由此可推知I,summit在此處意為“最高點(diǎn)，頂點(diǎn)”，與C項(xiàng)(最高點(diǎn))意思最為相近。award:獎(jiǎng),獎(jiǎng)品;summary: 總結(jié); mountaintop:山頂。故選C。

3. [答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

[解析]題干大意是:根據(jù)文章，阿根廷世界聞名的原因是Mention Argentina to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup put Argentina on the map."可知，一提起阿根廷，大家可能會(huì)想到足球;在某種意義上，阿根廷因?yàn)橼A得了世界杯才名揚(yáng)四方。故選B.

4.[答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]推理判斷題

[解析]題干大意是:如果一名運(yùn)動(dòng)員只想著贏，他會(huì)___ ,根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句 "The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself, he has to think only about winning."可知，代表國家的個(gè)人是不能得到樂趣的，他必須只想著贏。由此可推知，如果一名運(yùn)動(dòng)員只想著贏，他會(huì)失去運(yùn)動(dòng)的樂趣。故選B.

5. [答案] C

[考點(diǎn)]觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

[解析]題干大意是:作者對于國際比賽的態(tài)度是什么?根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“But it's nice to know that you won and that in one way at least your country is the best"可知，作者認(rèn)為在國際比賽中的獲勝至少證明這個(gè)國家在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)方面實(shí)力強(qiáng)大。故選C.

Passage 2

6. [答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

[解析]題千大意是:有些人認(rèn)為鐵路過時(shí)有很多原因，除了___根據(jù)第一段第三句“We all keep hearing that trains are slow, that they lose money, and that they're dying."可知，我們總是聽到有人說火車速度慢，鐵路賠錢并且正在沒落，所以A. C. D三項(xiàng)都是有些人認(rèn)為鐵路過時(shí)的原因。根據(jù)第一 段倒數(shù)第二句"In these days when oil is expensive, the railways have become highly competitie...可知,現(xiàn)在的高油價(jià)使鐵路對汽車和飛機(jī)非常具有競爭力,所以目前油價(jià)高并不是鐵路過時(shí)的原因。故選B.

7. [答案] C

[考點(diǎn)]推理判斷題

[解析]題干大意是:作者認(rèn)為鐵路似乎是___.

根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句"In these days, when oil is expensive, the railways have become highly competitie.." 和第二段最后三句"But a railway doesn't leave you as a plane does, miles and miles away from the city center.可知,作者認(rèn)為由于油價(jià)高，鐵路對飛機(jī)和汽車非常具有競爭力;并且,鐵路不像飛機(jī)那樣把人們丟在遠(yuǎn)離市中心的地方，也不像汽車那樣讓人們陷入無休止的交通堵塞之中;火車還可以運(yùn)載飛機(jī)或汽車無法運(yùn)載的物品。由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為汽車和飛機(jī)沒有鐵路好，所以C項(xiàng)正確,D項(xiàng)不正確。根據(jù)第一段第二句 “We can do without railways, people say.."可知，人們認(rèn)為他們可以沒有鐵路，但這并不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，所以A項(xiàng)不正確;B項(xiàng)與第二段第一句不符。故選C。

8. [答案] C

[考點(diǎn)]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

[解析]題干大意是:根據(jù)作者所述，下 列哪項(xiàng)是不正確的?根據(jù)第二段第四句"But a railway doesn't leave you as a plane does, miles and miles away from the eity center."可知，下飛機(jī)之后你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己遠(yuǎn)離市中心，所以C項(xiàng)不正確。故選C.

9. [答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

[解析]題千大意是:根據(jù)作者所述，汽車和飛機(jī)的缺點(diǎn)是___根據(jù)第三段最后一句"...ecause we don't have enough money to buy oil and planes we can't fly for the same reason."可知，很快人們就會(huì)思考為什么要花這么多錢在因?yàn)闆]錢買油而負(fù)擔(dān)不起的汽車和飛機(jī)上。由此可知，汽車和飛機(jī)有相同的缺點(diǎn)一-燃油 會(huì)花費(fèi)太多的錢。故選B.

10. [答案] D

[考點(diǎn)]主旨大意題

[解析]題干大意是:這篇文章的主要觀點(diǎn)是什么?通讀全文可知，第- -段指出人們認(rèn)為鐵路過時(shí)了，然而作者認(rèn)為事實(shí)并非如此;接下來通過舉例說明了與汽車和飛機(jī)相比，鐵路仍然具有競爭力，并且鐵路的優(yōu)勢讓其即使在今天也充滿活力。故選D.

Passage 3

11.[答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

[解析]題干大意是:根據(jù)作者所述，一位單身漢抗拒婚姻的主要原因是_ , 根據(jù)第三段第二句'If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment."可知，- -位單身漢抗拒婚姻的主要原因是他們害怕做出承諾，即不愿意承擔(dān)家庭責(zé)任。故選B。

12. [答案] D

[考點(diǎn)]推理判斷題

[解析]題千大意是:在作者看來，撫養(yǎng)孩子是___.根據(jù)第四段最后一句 “But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild."可知，決定不生孩子的夫婦永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道看著孩子長大或和孫子一起玩耍的樂趣。由此可推知，在作者看來，撫養(yǎng)孩子是一件值得做的事情。故選D.

13. [答案] A

[考點(diǎn)]推理判斷題

[解析]題干大意是:從最后一段我們可以了解到，嫉妒有時(shí)來源于___,根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at ll."可知，理解真正的幸福將我們從嫉妒中解放出來：我們現(xiàn)在明白，所有那些總是很開心的人實(shí)際上可能根本不開心。由此可推知，嫉妒有時(shí)來源于誤解(misunderstanding)。prejudice:偏見;hatred:仇恨,憎恨;gnorance:無知。故選A。

14. [答案] C

[考點(diǎn)]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

[解析]題干大意是:為理解真正的幸福是什么，一個(gè)人必須___,根據(jù)最后一段第一句Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realization."可知，真正的幸福和樂趣沒有關(guān)系,理解并接受這一點(diǎn)是最具有解放意識(shí)的。由此可知，為了 理解真正的幸福是什么，- -個(gè)人必須能夠區(qū)分幸福和樂趣。故選C.

15. [答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]主旨大意題

[解析]題干大意是:作者想告訴我們什么?第一段最后- 句“But, in fact, the opposite is true: more ofen than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain."點(diǎn)明主旨:通常情況下，引起幸福的事情會(huì)包含一些痛苦;下文圍繞這一觀點(diǎn)展開了論述。由此可推知,作者想告訴我們的是幸福常與痛苦相伴。故選B。

Passage 4

16. [答案] D

[考點(diǎn)]詞語理解題

[解析]題干大意是:第- .段中 的畫線詞“that"指___。 根據(jù)第一段第二、三句"We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than th.."可知，畫線詞that指代的是前面提到的“懶惰不道德，懶惰浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，懶人將在人生中一事無成”，A、B、C三項(xiàng)均包含在內(nèi)，故選D.

17. [答案] A

[考點(diǎn)]主旨大意題

[解析]題干大意是:第一段主要討論的是___。 根據(jù)第一段第三句...and it is ofen caused by more complex reasons than simple wishes to avoid work.”可知，導(dǎo)致懶惰的原因不僅僅是想要逃避工作那么簡單，而是更為復(fù)雜。下文具體分析了人們懶惰的各種原因。由此可推知，本段主要討論的是導(dǎo)致人們看起來懶惰的復(fù)雜原因。故選A。，

18. [答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

[解析]題千大意是:根據(jù)第二段，變得“懶惰”對__有幫助。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三、四句..being *lazy' .i good for overworked students or executives. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who, s simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic."可知，“懶惰"對于勞累過度的學(xué)生或者主管來說是有好處的:對于努力過度的運(yùn)動(dòng)員或連續(xù)多日在診所加夜班的醫(yī)生來說，休息是特別有幫助的，所以B項(xiàng)(一位正在加班的醫(yī)生)符合題意。A項(xiàng)(一名在度假的學(xué)生)、C項(xiàng)(一位在休假的主管)和D項(xiàng)(一位沒有在訓(xùn)練的運(yùn)動(dòng)員)均不符合題意。故選B.

19. [答案] A

[考點(diǎn)]推理判斷題

[解析]題干大意是:文章的基調(diào)是___ .通讀全文可知，作者首先講述了懶惰的危害和導(dǎo)致懶惰的原因,接著在第二段講述了懶惰的益處。由此可推知，作者采取了一種客觀且嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膽B(tài)度對懶惰進(jìn)行了分析。cautious :小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的acaress:不小心的;optimisti:樂觀的pessimistie:悲觀的。故選A.

20. [答案] D

[考點(diǎn)]主旨大意題

[解析]題千大意是:文中作者想告訴我們什么?通讀全文可知，文章探討了導(dǎo)致懶惰的原因，并闡述了懶惰在某些情況下也會(huì)有好處。再結(jié)合第二段最后兩句"So be careful when you are tempted to call somcone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book."可知，當(dāng)你想說某個(gè)人懶情的時(shí)候要小心了，那個(gè)人可能在思考、休息或構(gòu)思'自己的卞本書。由此可推知，對懶惰的界定并不是一成不變的，我們應(yīng)該采取正確的方式來定義它。故選D。

Part II Cloze

21. [答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]語法結(jié)構(gòu)題

[解析]句意:你剛接到一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù),并且想把它做好,但似乎你一開始就被打斷了。because: H為，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句;the minute: - .....引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句;so that:因此,以便:引導(dǎo)結(jié)果和目的狀語從句: evenif: 即使，雖然，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，選B.

22. [答案] A

[考點(diǎn)]詞義辨析題

[解析]句意:首先,簡順路造訪。stop by:過去坐坐，順路造訪;stop in:待在家里(不外出);stop out:夜里很晚不回家;stop over: ( 長途旅行在某處)中途停留。根據(jù)句意可知，選A。

23. [答案] C

[考點(diǎn)]語法結(jié)構(gòu)題

[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為一個(gè)感嘆句，且用的是虛擬語氣，所以只能用If only引導(dǎo),表示將來沒有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，意為“要...就好了，但愿”。where可以引 導(dǎo)名詞性從句和定語從句，但不能使用虛擬語氣;but, othervise引出含蓄虛擬條件，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。故選C.

24. [答案] D

[考點(diǎn)]邏輯推理題

[解析] interest: 興趣，吸引力;promise:諾言,許諾: condition:狀態(tài), 健康狀況;concentration:專注，注意力。根據(jù)上文提到的“首先，簡順路造訪;然后是電話;稍后，你的老板告訴你放下一切，她有個(gè)緊急工作;而你三點(diǎn)要去開會(huì)!"可推知,在接到一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)后,你的注意力被各種事情分散了。故選D.

25. [答案] A

[考點(diǎn)]語法結(jié)構(gòu)題

[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式，和空后的內(nèi)容一起作介詞 by的賓語。根據(jù)句意可知,find out (弄清)與其邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的一般式。 故選A.

26. [答案] D

[考點(diǎn)]語法結(jié)構(gòu)題

[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句，修飾指物的先行詞those parts of the day。during the day為固定搭配，意為“在白天”，所以從句應(yīng)用during which引導(dǎo)，其中which 在從句中作介詞during的賓語。it不能引導(dǎo)從句;B項(xiàng)介詞使用錯(cuò)誤;why在定語從句中作原因狀語，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。故選D. .

27. [答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]邏輯推理題

[解析] successful: 達(dá)到目的，獲得成功的;creative:有創(chuàng)造力的;tired:疲倦的;leepy:困倦的。根據(jù)下文你可能在上午或下午工作最出色”可推知，此處表達(dá)的是“你最有創(chuàng)造力的那些時(shí)間段"。故選B

28. [答案] A

[考點(diǎn)]詞義辨析題

[解析]句意:無論何時(shí)，只要找到你的時(shí)間(點(diǎn))，然后在它周圍筑一堵墻。around: 繞,環(huán)繞; behind:在(或向) ...的后面;far from;遠(yuǎn)離;above: 在(或向) ....上面。根據(jù)句意可知，選A。

29. [答案] C

[考點(diǎn)]語法結(jié)構(gòu)題

[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句。從句成分和意義完整，所以應(yīng)用在從句中不充當(dāng)任何語法成分，只起連接作用且無詞義的that引導(dǎo)。what 在賓語從句中作主語、賓語等成分;how在賓語從句中作方式狀語;whether在賓語從句中不充當(dāng)任何語法成分，只起連接作用，但有“是否”的含義，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。故選C.

30. [答案] D

[考點(diǎn)]詞義辨析題

[解析]句意:比方說,對你來說黃金時(shí)間在10點(diǎn)開始。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的quality time可知，此處為其原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。lunch: 午餐;work: 工作,勞動(dòng);task: 任務(wù)。故選D.

31. [答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]詞義辨析題

[解析]句意:然后專注于你的重要任務(wù)，不要讓任何事情打斷你。call on:邀請, 要求;focus on:集中 (注意力、精力等于); depend on:決定于,依靠: feed on: (動(dòng)物) ...為食.根據(jù)句意可知,選B.

32. [答案] A

[考點(diǎn)]詞義辨析題

[解析]all:所有，全部，全體，- 一切，常與名詞連用,名詞前面可用the, this, that, my, her, his等,也可用數(shù)詞;both:兩個(gè)都，常用短語為"both of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞”，該短語作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式;none:沒有一個(gè)，毫無，常用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物，常用短語為"none of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞",該短語作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式;ither”兩者中的)任何一個(gè)，(兩者中的)每個(gè)，常用短語為"either of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞”，該短語作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)空后的calk and visitors和句意可知,此處表達(dá)的是“所有的電話和來訪者"。故選A.

33. [答案] D

[考點(diǎn)]詞義辨析題

[解析]句意:重點(diǎn)是外人和同事都知道你每天都有一部分時(shí) 間沒空。question: 間題,疑問;demand:要求，需要;news:新聞,消息;point:觀點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知，選D.

34. [答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]詞義辨析題

[解析]句意參考上題解析。reasonable: 合理的，有理由的; available: (東西) 可獲得的，(人)有空的;embrrassing: 使人害羞的(或難堪的、慚愧的) ;confusing: 令人困惑的。根據(jù)句意可知，選B。

35. [答案] C

[考點(diǎn)]語法結(jié)構(gòu)題

[解析]根據(jù)空前的ascarefully并結(jié)合句意可知，此處為“as+副詞的原級(jí)+as”的原級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu),用于兩者之間，表示一方與另一方一樣。故選C. .

36. [答案] A

[考點(diǎn)]語法結(jié)構(gòu)題

[解析] be ready to do sth.為固定用法，意為“準(zhǔn)備好去做某事”，其中不定式(短語)作賓語。故選A.

37. [答案]c

[考點(diǎn)]詞語搭配題

[解析] get sth. out of sb./sth.為固定搭配，意為.“....中獲得(有益的東西)”。其他三項(xiàng)均無此用法。故選C.

38. [答案] B

[考點(diǎn)]詞義辨析題

[解析]根據(jù)最后一段最后-句中的your blocks可知,此處為blocks的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。memory:記憶力,記性: block: (時(shí)間的) -段; experience: (- 次)經(jīng)歷; relationship:聯(lián)系。故選B.

39. [答案] D

[考點(diǎn)]詞義辨析題

[解析]句意:從小處開始一可能三十或四十分鐘，每周三次，逐漸增加到至少一個(gè)小時(shí)。compared to:與.....相比.... due to:由于，因?yàn)? other than:除...以外，不同于:upto:到達(dá)(某數(shù)量、程度等)。根據(jù)句意可知，選D.

40. [答案] A

[考點(diǎn)]詞義辨析題

[解析] pssession:個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)，私人物品;position:位 置;satisfaction:滿足;doubt:疑惑，疑問。此處表達(dá)的是“像守護(hù)任何其他寶貴財(cái)產(chǎn)一樣"。故選A.

Part III True or False

41. [答案] B

[解析]根據(jù)第一段第四句"Sure we all know that we' re the apple of our parents' eyes."可知，我們是父母珍愛的人，奶奶們認(rèn)為我們是偉大的天才，叔叔們認(rèn)為我們會(huì)參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。由此可推知，本篇文章的目標(biāo)讀者應(yīng)是青少年，所以本題錯(cuò)誤。

42. [答案] B

[解析]根據(jù)第一段最后 一句"If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you built a positive self- image and learn to love yourself."可知，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)相信自已是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)的話，那你該是時(shí)候建立一個(gè)積極的自我形象，所以本題錯(cuò)誤。

43. [答案] A

[解析]根據(jù)第二段最后一句Unfortunately, most of these self-images are more negative than what they should b.."可知，我們建立的大多數(shù)自我形象都過于消極，與其應(yīng)有的樣子不符。由此可推知，我們的自我形象可能是不真實(shí)的，所以本題正確。

44. [答案] A

[解析]根據(jù)第二段最后一句:“ .tus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world."可知，改變你對自己的看法是改變自我形象的關(guān)鍵，所以本題正確。

45. [答案] A

[解析]通讀全文可知，第一段提出論點(diǎn):如果你覺得很難相信自己，那么就該建立一個(gè)積極的自我形象了，并學(xué)會(huì)愛自己;第二段至最后一段講述了如何建立積極的自我形象和戰(zhàn)勝消極的自我形象。由此可推知，本文主要是圍繞“如何建立一個(gè)積極的自我形象”"展開的，所以本題正確。

Part IV Translation

Section A English-Chinese Translation

46. [答案] A

[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一句是一個(gè)簡單句,第二句是一個(gè)特殊疑問句。Everyone 可譯為“所有人，每個(gè)人”; studying hard可譯為“努力學(xué)習(xí)，刻苦學(xué)習(xí)”; improve academic scores可譯為“提高學(xué)業(yè)成績”; How可譯為“怎么”; stop 可譯為“阻止”。故選A.

47. [答案]C

[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句含有一個(gè)“A+謂語+倍數(shù)+the size/eng/h/heigh/wit... +of+B”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“A是B大、長、高、寬等的X倍(A比B大、長、高、寬等X-1倍)”。new expanded可譯為“新擴(kuò)建的”;swimming pool可譯為“游泳池”; previous可譯為“先前的"。故選C.

48. [答案] D

[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是一-個(gè)倒裝句，含有一個(gè)Hardly.. when... (剛.....就 .....)結(jié)構(gòu)。football match可譯為“足球比賽" ; started raining可譯為“開始下雨了”。故選D.

49. [答案] B

[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句是There be句型，且含有一個(gè)s... th..(如.....以至于....)結(jié)構(gòu)。customers可譯為“顧客”;during the Spring Festival可譯為“春節(jié)期間”;shop assistant 可譯為“店員”: timely service可譯為“及時(shí)的服務(wù)”; all of可譯為“所有的"。故選B.

50. [答案] D

[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句含有一個(gè)As long as(只要)引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。works hard!可譯為“努力工作”; mind 可譯為“介意";when可譯為“什么時(shí)候”。故選D.

Section B Blanked Cloze

51. [答案] A

52. [答案] C .

53. [答案] H

54. [答案] E

55. [答案] G

Section C Chinese- English Translation

56. [ 答案] The harder you work, the more progress you will make.

[解析]本句考查比較等級(jí)、常用單詞的翻譯?！霸?... .....可譯為"the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)"結(jié)構(gòu):;"工作”可譯為work;“ 進(jìn)步”可譯為progress,

57. [答案] No matter who/Whoever you are, you have to obey the law.

[解析]本句考查讓步狀語從句和常用短語的翻譯。逗號(hào)前的部分可譯為No matter who/Whoever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;“要"可譯為have to;"遵守法律”可譯為obey the law。

58. [答案] This was the most beautiful school (that) she had ever seen.

[解析]本句考查固定句型、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和常用單詞的翻譯。根據(jù)題干可知,本句可譯為"Thiswas the most +adj.+n.+(that)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)?！捌恋摹翱勺g為beautiful; “學(xué)?！笨勺g為school.

59. [答案] We look forward to exeiting developments in our school in the future.

[解析]本句考查常用短語的翻譯。“期待”可譯為look forward to;“在未來”可譯為in the future;“振奮人心的發(fā)展”可譯為exciting developments.

60. [答案] The government let the public believe (that)the problem would be solved soon.

[解析]本句考查賓語從句、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和常用短語的翻譯。根據(jù)題干可知，“相信”后面可譯為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，且that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)常?？梢允÷?根據(jù)句意可知，賓語從句應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)，表示在過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;另外，“問題"和“解決"之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。......相信”可譯為l..elieve;“公 眾”可譯為the public;“很快"可譯為soon;“得到解決”可譯為be solved.

Part V Error Correction

61. [答案] D應(yīng)改為myself。

[考點(diǎn)]固定搭配

[解析]對我來說，獨(dú)自為旅行做準(zhǔn)備是困難的。(all) by myself為固定搭配，意為“(某人)獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)”，所以應(yīng)把me改為myself。

62. [答案] B應(yīng)改為should/would/could/mighto

[考點(diǎn)]虛擬語氣

[解析]如果我有翅膀，我會(huì)盡快飛回自己的家鄉(xiāng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句包含一個(gè)If引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句。根據(jù)句意和從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞had可知，此處是對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的假設(shè)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用*should/would/coul/might+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式，所以應(yīng)把will改為should, would, could 或might.

63. [答案] D應(yīng)改為heavy。

[考點(diǎn)]固定搭配

[解析]我們現(xiàn)在不能去外邊，因?yàn)橛晏罅?。big: (體積、程度、數(shù)量等)大的，巨大的;heavy:(在數(shù)量、程度等方面)超出一般的,比一般嚴(yán)重的，常與rain搭配使用，所以應(yīng)把big改為heavy.

64. [答案] B應(yīng)改為do/did.

[考點(diǎn)]動(dòng)詞

[解析]那些沒有上交作文的人被要求今天上交。根據(jù)句意、句中的時(shí)間狀語today (今天)和who引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞hand..in可知,從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或--般過去時(shí)，且此處應(yīng)借助助動(dòng)詞do,所以應(yīng)把have改為do或did.

65. [答案] C應(yīng)改為is limited.

[考點(diǎn)]被動(dòng)語態(tài)

[解析]由于成本過高，該工具在實(shí)際使用中受到限制。根據(jù)句意可知, the tool和limit (限制)之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以應(yīng)把limits改為is limited.

66. [答案] A應(yīng)改為working。

[考點(diǎn)]非謂語動(dòng)詞

[解析]他的朋友喜歡和他一起工作，因?yàn)樗泻軓?qiáng)的幽默感。apreciate doing sth.為固定用法，其中動(dòng)名詞(短語)作賓語，所以應(yīng)把to work改為working。

67. [答案] B應(yīng)改為were.

[考點(diǎn)]主謂一致

[解析]這本小說出版時(shí)，我和他的朋友都對它不感興趣。“neither+ 名詞/代詞+nor+名詞/代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與nor后的名詞或代詞保持-致。主句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與nor后的his friends保持一致,用復(fù) 數(shù)形式，所以應(yīng)把was改為were。

68. [答案] A應(yīng)改為permitingo

[考點(diǎn)]非謂語動(dòng)詞

[解析]如果天氣允許的話,晚飯后她會(huì)和父母-起出去散步。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后是完整的句子，其前后兩部分之間沒有連詞，且前后兩部分的邏輯主語不-致，所以逗號(hào)前為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意可知,Weather和permit(允許)之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且句中沒有明顯的表示時(shí)間先后順序的詞，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的一-般式，表示主動(dòng)，所以應(yīng)把permits改為permiting。

69. [答案] B應(yīng)改為that。

[考點(diǎn)]強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

[解析]這個(gè)國家正是在2000年成功發(fā)射了第- -艘載人宇宙飛船。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:Itis1was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分如果是人，其后可以用who連接，也可以用that連接;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分如果是事物，其后只能用that連接。本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語in 2000，應(yīng)用that連接，所以應(yīng)把when改為that。

70. [答案] D應(yīng)改為is。

[考點(diǎn)]時(shí)態(tài)

[解析]他得出結(jié)論,宇宙中最快的速度是光速。根據(jù)句意和常識(shí)可知,“字宙中最快的速度是光速"陳述的是客觀事實(shí)，第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以應(yīng)把was改為

Part VI Writing

Different Attitudes towards Shopping

Nowadays, shopping had become a topic of heated debate in the society. Views on this issue vary from person to person.

Some people regard shopping as a hobby. Through shopping during the busy life, they can find and buy something attractive which can make themselves happy. They believe shopping is very interesting. However, others just think shopping is a task to buy basic ncessities. They believe going shopping always takes up too much time and energy and this activity is boring and tiring.

In my opinion, I think shopping rationally can enrich our life and sometimes it even reshapes our way of life. Besides, with the rapid development of information and technology, online shopping has been a fashion. There is no doubt that online shopping has shortened the time we spend in shopping. All in all, I think if we shop properly, shopping really can enhance our sense of happiness.