2020年公共英語(yǔ)考試三級(jí)閱讀文章難點(diǎn)解析(四)

Passage:

China’s education system

The development of education is of primary importance in china. Under the policy of “developing the country through science and education,” each child is offered free education for a compulsory nine years and the education system is constantly being improved. “oriented towards modernization, the world, and the future” is the guiding principle for the development of the Chinese education system, both in the long and the short term.

China’s education system can be divided into the following stages:

Pre-school education is for 3-5 year olds and takes place in kindergartens.

Primary education is from 6-11. Primary schools are usually run by local educational authorities and over free tuition, although there are some private schools owned by enterprises and individuals.

Secondary schooling is for children from 12-17 years of age. Education of this kind is run by local governments and various business authorities. State-run secondary schools include junior middle schools and senior middle schools, both with three grades or years. The first three years of secondary school are compulsory and tuition is free. Senior middle school is not compulsory and students must pay minimal tuition fees. Private secondary schools often offer specialized education and have a more vocational bent, but the qualifications they offer are considered to be on the same level as those of state-run middle schools. However, graduates from secondary professional schools are seen to have achieved a higher level in some ways akin to a university education. Students graduating from junior middle schools usually go on to senior middle schools, although some move to vocational high schools or secondary professional schools for 3-5 years of study.

For higher education there are vocational courses as well as undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral degrees. Bachelor’s degrees usually require 4-5 years of study, master’s degrees need 2-3 years and Ph.D.s are granted after 3 years. Higher education is offered in universities, colleges, institutes, and vocational colleges. These institutes conduct academic and scientific research and provide social services as well as offering courses to students. To enter a university or college, students have to take the national entrance examination, which takes place every July and is now open to people of all ages. Selection is based on each student’s marks in this exam, and due to the number of people sitting the exam, getting into university is highly competitive. Those who fail to get selected have to go to private colleges if they want to continue their education. Tuition at such colleges is more expensive than at the state-run universities. Those who have missed out on higher education can continue their studies as adults in the workplace.

Dialogues /monologues:

1、I would have thought they'd be very useful for children without brothers and sisters.

would/should have +過(guò)去分詞，表示“應(yīng)該做某事”，而實(shí)際沒(méi)有。

本句可以翻譯為：我應(yīng)該想到它們對(duì)獨(dú)生子女是很有用的。

2、The reality is that people learn subjects such as languages and mathematics at different speeds.

Speed：【俚語(yǔ)】在這里應(yīng)翻譯為： 嗜好，個(gè)性：適合某人的興趣、技能或性格的東西：

E.G. Living in a large city is not my speed.

住在大城市里不是我所喜歡的

1、 My parents recognized that the best learning is learning-by-doing, and they facilitated a lot of interesting experiences for me, whether it was driving me across town, paying for courses and lessons, or just including me in their lives.

我的父母認(rèn)識(shí)到，最好的學(xué)習(xí)方法是邊干邊學(xué)。為此，他們讓我體會(huì)了許多有趣的經(jīng)歷：或者開(kāi)車帶我在鎮(zhèn)里轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)，或者花錢讓我讓各種班，或者干脆將我直接納入他們的生活。

本句解析：My parents recognized that the best learning is learning-by-doing, and they facilitated a lot of interesting experiences for me, (前半部分是具有遞進(jìn)意義的兩個(gè)并列分句)whether it was driving me across town, paying for courses and lessons, or just including me in their lives. (后半部分是樣態(tài)狀語(yǔ)從句，其中由三個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ))。

2、 interacting with a large group of people my own age was one of the joys I derived from school.

Derive sth from sth.

<1> 得到，獲得。如：

She derived no benefit from the course of drugs. 用藥療程后她并無(wú)好轉(zhuǎn)。

<2>對(duì)某事物窮本窮源。如：

We can derive the word ‘derelict’ from the Latin ‘derelictus’

derelict 一詞的起源可追溯到拉丁詞 derelictus。

參考譯文:

中國(guó)的教育制度

在中國(guó)，教育的發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。在“科教興國(guó)”的方針政策下，每個(gè)孩子都有權(quán)利享受9年義務(wù)教育并且教育體系也在不斷完善。無(wú)論是從長(zhǎng)期還是從短期來(lái)說(shuō)，“面向現(xiàn)代化、世界和未來(lái)”是中國(guó)教育體制的指導(dǎo)原則。

中國(guó)的教育體系可分為以下幾個(gè)階段。

3-5歲為幼兒園學(xué)前教育階段。

小學(xué)教育是從6歲到11歲。小學(xué)是由當(dāng)?shù)亻T開(kāi)辦，實(shí)行免費(fèi)。也有由企業(yè)和個(gè)人辦的私立學(xué)校。

中學(xué)教育時(shí)間為12-17歲。中學(xué)是由當(dāng)?shù)卣透鞣N商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)辦的。公立的中學(xué)包括初中和高中兩個(gè)階段，各三年。初中是免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育，高中不是義務(wù)教育，學(xué)生要交少量的學(xué)費(fèi)。私立中學(xué)一般提供專業(yè)性的教育，學(xué)生的職業(yè)技能強(qiáng)一些，但是私立中學(xué)所發(fā)的文憑和公立中學(xué)所發(fā)的是同一水平。然而，在某些方面從專業(yè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)的學(xué)生與接受過(guò)大學(xué)教育的學(xué)生是差不多的。初中畢業(yè)生一般接著上高中，有些會(huì)去上職業(yè)高中或者是去技校學(xué)習(xí)3-5年。

高等教育包括高職、本科、碩士、博士。拿到學(xué)士學(xué)位一般需要4-5年時(shí)間，碩士學(xué)位需要2-3年，博士學(xué)位需要3年。提供高等教育的機(jī)構(gòu)有大學(xué)，?？茖W(xué)院，研究所和職業(yè)學(xué)院。這些機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展學(xué)術(shù)和科學(xué)研究，給學(xué)生提供學(xué)習(xí)課程和社會(huì)服務(wù)。要進(jìn)大學(xué)，考生們必須參加每年平7月舉行的全國(guó)高考，現(xiàn)在高考面向所有年齡的人開(kāi)放。大學(xué)對(duì)學(xué)生的挑選是看高考成績(jī)，由于參加高考的人數(shù)很多，所以競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很激烈。那些沒(méi)考上的人如果想要進(jìn)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的話只能去私立大學(xué)，私立大學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)比設(shè)立大學(xué)高的多。沒(méi)有接受高等教育的人可以在工作之后繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。