2018年3月全國英語等級考試三級真題及答案[閱讀A]

SECTIONⅡReading(50 minutes)

Part A

Directions:Read the following two texts.Answer the questions on each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.

Text 1

In 1997,25 Japanese citizens,all older than 60,launched Jeeba(the name means“old man and old woman”）to make senior-friendly products.They knew they were making history when they coined their company motto：“Of the elderly,by the elderly and for the elderly.”They do not hire young people,and the oldest of their workers is 75.

Firms run by senior citizens are still a rarity,in Japan and worldwide.But the elderly have numbers on their side.Healthier and longer-living seniors,born immediately after World WarⅡ,are reaching retirement age in huge numbers all over the developed world.Extremely low birthrates in those same countries mean there are far fewer young workers to take their place.One likely consequence is now clear:shrinking work forces.

While the streamlining effects of international competition are focusing attention on the need to create and keep good jobs,those fears will eventually give way to worries about the growing shortage of young workers.One unavoidable solution:putting older people back to work,whether they like it or not.Indeed,advanced economies like those of Finland and Denmark have already raised their retirement ages.Others are under severe pressure to follow suit,as both the European Commission and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have recently warned their members that their future prosperity depends on a growing contribution from the elderly.

Whether these changes are good or bad news to workers depends on whether they anticipate retirement with eagerness or dread.In the United States,half of working-age Americans now expect to work into their 70s,whether by financial necessity or by lifestyle choice,according to a new study by Putnam Investments.

Contrary to still widespread assumptions,there is very little hard evidence to suggest that companies cannot stay competitive with a rising share of older workers.At British hardware chain B&Q,its“elder worker”stores in Manchester and Exmouth were 18 percent more profitable than its regular outlets—due in part,the company says,to six times less employee turnover and 60 percent less shoplifting and breakage.

26.Jeeba's difference from a conventional company mainly lies in ________.

[A]the age of its employees   B.the number of its owners

[C]the quality of its products[D]the scope of its operations

參考答案：A

參考解析：由“They do not hire young people,and the oldest of their workers is 75.”可以得出答案。

 27.In the developed world,compared with young people,the elderly________.

[A]are better at business   B.are greater in number

[C]have healthier lifestyles[D]have more job opportunities

參考答案：B

參考解析：由“Extremely low birthrates in those same countries mean there are far fewer young workers to take their place.”可以得出答案。

28.According to the writer,in the current situation companies are faced with the tough task of ________.

[A]creating good positions B.employing retired workers

[C]filling vacant positions[D]replacing unskilled workers

參考答案：B

參考解析：由“those fears will eventually give way to worries about the growing shortage of young workers.One unavoidable solution:putting older people back to work,whether they like it or not.”可以得出答案。

29.For future prosperity,many European countries will have to ________.

[A]increase the number of young workers

B.offer many senior-friendly jobs

[C]improve services for seniors

[D]raise their retirement ages

參考答案：D

參考解析：由“Indeed,advanced economies like those of Finland and Denmark have already raised their retirement ages.;their future prosperity depends on a growing contribution from the elderly.”可以得出答案。

30.B&Q's“elder worker”stores are mentioned to show that the employment of older workers ________.

[A]does not reduce a company’s competitiveness

[B]does not affect older workers’lifestyle choices

[C]is not a usual practice among competitive firms

[D]is not good news to those who are eager to retire

參考答案：A

參考解析：由“were 18 percent more profitable than its regular outlets”可以得出答案。

Text 2

One important thing during the pre-Christmas rush at our house was the arrival of my daughter’s kindergarten report card.She got high praise for her reading,vocabulary and overall enthusiasm.On the other hand,we learnt that she has work to do on her numbers and facility with the computer,though the detailed handwritten report her teachers prepared is absent of any words that might be interpreted as negative in describing her efforts.A number system indicates how she’s measuring up in each area without any mention of passing or failing.

All of which seems to make my daughter’s school neither fish nor fowl when it comes to the debate over the merits of giving formal grades to kids.At one level,the advantages and disadvantages are obvious.A grade system provides a straightforward standard by which to measure how your child is progressing at school—and how he or she is getting on compared to other children.But as writer Sue Ferguson notes,“Grades can deceive.”The aim should be“to measure learning,not simply what a student can recall on a test.”The two aren’t the same---and if you doubt that as an adult,ask yourself whether you could sit down without any preparation and still pass those high-school-level examinations.

If you're old enough,you’ve lived through this debate before.At one time,it was considered unfair to put children in direct competition with one another if it could be avoided.The intention behind that may have been good,but it ignored the fact that competition,and the will to come out on top,are essential components of the human condition.

This time around,educators working with a no-grades approach are emphasizing different reasons.The thing is,that approach is much more commonplace in the adult workplace than is the traditional pass-fail system we place on our children.Many workplaces conduct regular employee evaluations.There are usually fairly strict limits to what an employer can tell an employee in those evaluations—and even then,negative evaluations can be challenged by the employee.No matter where you sit in the debate over the grade system,then,the real question is this:if it’s so good for kids,why isn’t that also true for adults?

31.The school report indicates that the writer’s daughter_______.

[A]lacks interest in her school work

[B]ranks among the best at language

[C]has some trouble with her handwriting

[D]needs to improve in math and computer skills

參考答案：D

參考解析：由“she has work to do on her numbers and facility with the computer”可以得出答案。

32.We can learn that the girl,s school tries to deliver the report________.

[A]in a positive way      B.in a scientific way

[C]in an attractive way[D]in an enthusiastic way

參考答案：A

參考解析：由“though the detailed handwritten report her teachers prepared is absent of any words that might be interpreted as negative in describing her efforts”可以得出答案。

33.Sue Ferguson seems dissatisfied with the grade system for its focus on_______.

[A]the process of getting the knowledge

B.the capability of memorizing for the test

[C]the procedure of measuring learning

[D]the standard of comparing schools

參考答案：B

參考解析：由“The aim should be“to measure learning,not simply what a student can recall on a test.”可以得出答案。

34.The writer would agree that cutting children off from competition is ________.

[A]fit for human development B.fit for their age and experience

[C]against a key part of human nature[D]out of consideration for children

參考答案：C

參考解析：由“but it ignored the fact that competition,and the will to come out on top,are essential components of the human condition”可以得出答案。

35.It can be learned that today's educators supporting the no-grades approach insist that________.

[A]kids be allowed to challenge the negative evaluations

B.the traditional teacher-student relationship be changed

[C]the evaluation system for kids be similar to that for adults

[D]strict rules be set up in evaluating school children

參考答案：B

參考解析：由“that approach is much more commonplace in the adult workplace than is the traditional pass-fail system we place on our children;if it’s so good for kids”可以得出答案。