2021年201英語（一）模擬題及詳解（二）

本文提供2021年201英語（一）模擬題及詳解，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. ___1___ the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly  ___2___ to live shorter lives. This suggests that  ___3___ bulbs burn longer, that there is an  ___4___ in not being too terrifically bright.    Intelligence, it  ___5___ out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow  ___6___ the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual  ___7___ — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to  ___8___ .    Is there an adaptive value to ___9___ intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance ___10___ at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real ___11___ of our own intelligence might be. This is ___12___ the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.    Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would ___13___ on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, ___14___ , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that ___15___ animals ran the labs, they would test us to ___16___ the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really ___17___ , not merely how much of it there is. ___18___ , they would hope to study a ___19___ question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? ___20___ the results are inconclusive.

問題1

A、Suppose

B、Consider

C、Observe

D、Imagine

問題2

A、tended

B、feared

C、happened

D、threatened

問題3

A、thinner

B、stabler

C、lighter

D、dimmer

問題4

A、tendency

B、advantage

C、inclination

D、priority

問題5

A、insists on

B、sums up

C、turns out

D、puts forward

問題6

A、off

B、behind

C、over

D、along

問題7

A、incredible

B、spontaneous

C、inevitable

D、gradual

問題8

A、fight

B、doubt

C、stop

D、think

問題9

A、invisible

B、limited

C、indefinite

D、different

問題10

A、upward

B、forward

C、afterward

D、backward

問題11

A、features

B、influences

C、results

D、costs

問題12

A、outside

B、on

C、by

D、across

問題13

A、deliver

B、carry

C、perform

D、apply

問題14

A、by chance

B、in contrast

C、as usual

D、for instance

問題15

A、if

B、unless

C、as

D、lest

問題16

A、moderate

B、overcome

C、determine

D、reach

問題17

A、at

B、for

C、after

D、with

問題18

A、Above all

B、After all

C、However

D、Otherwise

問題19

A、fundamental

B、comprehensive

C、equivalent

D、hostile

問題20

A、By accident

B、In time

C、So far

D、Better still

2、The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.    To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.    The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.    We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.    Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”1、The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England _____.2、It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders _____.3、The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay _____.4、The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often _____.5、The text suggests that early settlers in New England _____.

問題1

A、Puritan tradition dominated political life.

B、intellectual interests were encouraged.

C、Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.

D、intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.

問題2

A、experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.

B、brought with them the culture of the Old World

C、paid little attention to southern intellectual life

D、were obsessed with religious innovations

問題3

A、were famous in the New World for their writings

B、gained increasing importance in religious affairs

C、abandoned high positions before coming to the New World

D、created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England

問題4

A、influenced by superstitions

B、troubled with religious beliefs

C、puzzled by church sermons

D、frustrated with family earnings

問題5

A、were mostly engaged in political activities

B、were motivated by an illusory prospect

C、came from different backgrounds

D、left few formal records for later reference

3、Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.    So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.    But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.    “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”    All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.    The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.1、The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being _____2、The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be _____.3、“ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to _____.4、Ms. Markova most probably agree that _____.5、Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing _____.

問題1

A、casual

B、familiar

C、mechanical

D、changeable.

問題2

A、predicted

B、regulated

C、traced

D、guided

問題3

A、tracks

B、series

C、characteristics

D、connections

問題4

A、ideas are born of a relaxing mind

B、innovativeness could be taught

C、decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas

D、curiosity activates creative minds

問題5

A、prevents new habits form being formed

B、no longer emphasizes commonness

C、maintains the inherent American thinking model

D、complies with the American belief system

4、It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.    More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.    Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .    Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.    But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.    Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.1、In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s _____.2、PTK is used to _____.3、Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to _____.4、In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is _____.5、An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be _____.

問題1

A、easy availability

B、flexibility in pricing

C、successful promotion

D、popularity with households

問題2

A、locate one’s birth place

B、promote genetic research

C、identify parent-child kinship

D、choose children for adoption

問題3

A、trace distant ancestors

B、rebuild reliable bloodlines

C、fully use genetic information

D、achieve the claimed accuracy

問題4

A、disorganized data collection

B、overlapping database building

C、excessive sample comparison

D、lack of patent evaluation

問題5

A、Fors and Againsts of DNA testing

B、DNA testing and It’s problems

C、DNA testing outside the lab

D、lies behind DNA testing

5、The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.    Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.    More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.    What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.    As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.1、The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries _____.2、It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system _____.3、A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that _____.4、The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged _____.5、According to the last paragraph , development of education _____.

問題1

A、is subject groundless doubts

B、has fallen victim of bias

C、is conventional downgraded

D、has been overestimated

問題2

A、challenges economists and politicians

B、takes efforts of generations

C、demands priority from the government

D、requires sufficient labor force

問題3

A、the Japanese workforce is better disciplined

B、the Japanese workforce is more productive

C、[C]the U.S workforce has a better education

D、the U.S workforce is more organize

問題4

A、when people had enough time

B、prior to better ways of finding food

C、when people on longer went hung

D、as a result of pressure on government

問題5

A、results directly from competitive environments

B、does not depend on economic performance

C、follows improved productivity

D、cannot afford political changes