考研201英語(yǔ)（一）在線題庫(kù)每日一練（四百零九）

本文提供考研201英語(yǔ)（一）在線題庫(kù)每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、alter 

A、v. 增加；加添；加；補(bǔ)充說(shuō)

B、v. （使）改變，更改，改動(dòng)；修改（衣服使更合身）

C、n. 癮君子；對(duì)……入迷的人；v. 使沉溺；使上癮；使自己沾染（某些惡習(xí)）

D、n. 加；加法；增加物；添加物；增加；添加

2、Text 4 The personal grievance provisions of New Zealand's Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause. Instead, dismissals must be justified. Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way. Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from “unjustified dismissals” . The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management. Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice. But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will attest, constraining firms from firing poorly performing, high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance. The difference between C-grade and A- grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure. Between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them. Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal. Consequently – and paradoxically – laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk. If not placing jobs at risk, to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under- performing managers, those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers' wages. Indeed, in “An International Perspective on New Zealand's Productivity Paradox” (2014), the Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth record. Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures. Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee, employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong. Society also suffers from excessive employment protections. Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being. Across the Tasman Sea, Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified “high-income threshold” from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand, a 2016 private members' Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime.However, the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year. 

1、The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to________.2、It can be learned from paragraph 3 that the provisions may________.3、Which of the following measures would be the Productivity Commission support?4、What might be an effect ofERA's unjustified dismissal procedures?5、It can be inferred that the “high-income threshold” in Australia________.

問(wèn)題1

A、punish dubious corporate practices.

B、improve traditional hiring procedures.

C、exempt employers from certain duties.

D、protect the rights of ordinary workers.

問(wèn)題2

A、hinder business development.

B、undermine managers' authority.

C、affect the public image of the firms.

D、worsen labor-management relations.

問(wèn)題3

A、Imposing reasonable wage restraints.

B、Enforcing employment protection laws.

C、Limiting the powers of business owners.

D、Dismissing poorly performing managers.

問(wèn)題4

A、Highly paid managers lose their jobs.

B、Employees suffer from salary cuts.

C、Society sees a rise in overall well-being.

D、Employers need to hire new staff.

問(wèn)題5

A、has secured managers' earnings.

B、has produced undesired results.

C、is beneficial to business owners.

D、is difficult to put into practice.

3、An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?    In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.    On May 31st Microsoft set off the row.It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.    Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”    It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.    Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?

1、It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to ____.2、“The industry” (Para.3) refers to ____.3、Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ____.4、Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6? ____.5、The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of____.

問(wèn)題1

A、ease competition among themselves.

B、lower their operational costs.

C、avoid complaints from consumers.

D、provide better online services.

問(wèn)題2

A、online advertisers.

B、e-commerce conductors.

C、digital information analysts.

D、internet browser developers.

問(wèn)題3

A、may cut the number of junk ads.

B、fails to affect the ad industry.

C、will not benefit consumers.

D、goes against human nature.

問(wèn)題4

A、DNT may not serve its intended purpose.

B、Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.

C、DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.

D、Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.

問(wèn)題5

A、indulgence.

B、understanding.

C、appreciation.

D、skepticism.

4、In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.    This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.    The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.    Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.    Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.    Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.

1、Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ____.2、According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ____.3、The word “indictment” (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ____.4、Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? ____.5、What is the subject of the text?

問(wèn)題1

A、lack of imagination.

B、poor bargaining skill.

C、obsession with high fashion.

D、insensitivity to fashion.

問(wèn)題2

A、combat unnecessary waste.

B、shop for their garments more frequently.

C、resist the influence of advertisements.

D、shut out the feverish fashion world.

問(wèn)題3

A、enthusiasm.

B、accusation.

C、indifference.

D、tolerance.

問(wèn)題4

A、Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.

B、The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.

C、[People are more interested in unaffordable garments.

D、Vanity has more often been found in idealists.

問(wèn)題5

A、Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.

B、Challenge to a high-fashion myth.

C、Exposure of a mass-market secret.

D、Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.

5、 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.    It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.    We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of t he 2 0th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were a bout. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, ”Newman wrote, “ that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as ‘a(chǎn) term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’. ”    Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography（1947）became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.    Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern reader shave little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.

1、It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that ____2、Newspaper reviews in England before world warⅡwere characterized by ____3、which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on？4、What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?5、What would be the best title for the text?

問(wèn)題1

A、arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.

B、English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.

C、high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.

D、young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.

問(wèn)題2

A、free themes.

B、casual style.

C、elaborate layout.

D、radical viewpoints.

問(wèn)題3

A、It is writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals.

B、It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.

C、Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.

D、Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.

問(wèn)題4

A、His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.

B、His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.

C、His style caters largely to modern specialists.

D、His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.

問(wèn)題5

A、Newspapers of the Good Old Days.

B、The lost Horizon in Newspapers.

C、Mournful Decline of Journalism.

D、Prominent Critics in Memory.