考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練（四百零五）

本文提供考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that involves short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problem. It （1）in young adulthood (between the ages of 20 and 30), levels out for a period of time, and then （2）starts to slowly decline as we age. But （3）aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle loss and the （4）of body fat around the abdomen, which often begin in middle age and continue into advanced age, are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the （5）  that lifestyle factors, such as the type of diet you follow and the type and amount of exercise you get throughout the years to maintain more lean muscle, might help prevent or （6） this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that （7）measurements of lean muscle, abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat (the type of fat you can see and grab hold of) from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and （8）that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people （9）higher measures of abdominal fat（10）worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years（11）.For women, the association may be（12）to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be （13）. Future studies could （14）these differences and perhaps lead to different（15）for men and women.（16） there are steps you can （17）to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental（18）. The two most generally recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your （19）of aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style （20） that is high in fiber from whole grains, vegetables, and other plant foods and eliminates highly processed foods. If you carry extra belly fat, speak with your health care provider to determine a plan that is best for you.

問題1

A、pauses

B、return

C、peaks

D、fades

問題2

A、alternatively

B、formally

C、accidentally

D、generally

問題3

A、while

B、since

C、once

D、until

問題4

A、detection

B、accumulation

C、consumption

D、separation

問題5

A、possibility

B、decision

C、goal

D、requirement

問題6

A、delay

B、ensure

C、seek

D、utilize

問題7

A、modified

B、supported

C、included

D、predicted

問題8

A、devoted

B、compared

C、converted

D、applied

問題9

A、with

B、above

C、by

D、against

問題10

A、lived

B、managed

C、scored

D、played

問題11

A、ran out

B、set off

C、drew in

D、went by

問題12

A、superior

B、attributable

C、parallel

D、resistant

問題13

A、restored

B、isolated

C、involved

D、controlled

問題14

A、alter

B、spread

C、remove

D、explain

問題15

A、compensations

B、symptoms

C、demands

D、treatments

問題16

A、Likewise

B、Meanwhile

C、Therefore

D、Instead

問題17

A、change

B、watch

C、count

D、take

問題18

A、well-being

B、process

C、formation

D、coordination

問題19

A、level

B、love

C、knowledge

D、space

問題20

A、design

B、routine

C、diet

D、prescription

2、How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year's rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year's, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincoln shire have to subsidize the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain's railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalization may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.1.The author holds that this year's increase in rail passengers fares （  ）.2.The stockbroker in Paragraph 2 is used to stand for（  ） .3. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that train operators （  ）.4. If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face（  ）.5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

問題1

A、will ease train operation's burden

B、has kept pace with inflation

C、is a big surprise to commuters

D、remains an unreasonable measure

問題2

A、car drivers

B、rail travelers

C、local investors

D、ordinary taxpayers

問題3

A、are offering compensations to commuters

B、are trying to repair relations with the unions

C、have failed to provide an adequate service

D、have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes

問題4

A、the loss of investment

B、the collapse of operations

C、a reduction of revenue

D、a change of ownership

問題5

A、Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?

B、Constant Complaining Doesn't Work

C、Can Nationalization Bring Hope?

D、Ever-rising Fares Aren't Sustainable

3、A small group of Internet security specialists gathered in Singapore to start up a Global system to make e-mail and e-commerce more secure, end the rapid growth of passwords and raise the bar significantly for Internet fraud, spies and troublemakers.The Singapore event included an elaborate technical ceremony to create and then securely store numerical keys that will be kept in three hardened data centers there, in Zurich and in San Jose, Calif. The keys and data centers are working parts of a technology known as Secure DNS, or DNSSEC. DNS refers to the Domain Name System, which is a directory that connects names to numerical Internet addresses. Preliminary work on the security system had been going on for more than a year, but this was the first time the system went into operation, even though it is not quite complete.The three centers are fortresses made up of five layers of physical, electronic and cryptographic security, making it virtually impossible to damage the system. Four layers are active now. The fifth, a physical barrier, is being built inside the data center.The technology is viewed by many computer security specialists as a ray of hope amid the recent cascade of data thefts, attacks, disruptions and scandals, including break-ins at Citibank, Sony, Lockheed Martin, RSA Security and elsewhere. It allows users to communicate via the Internet with high confidence that the identity of the person or organization they are communicating with is not being tricked or forged.Internet engineers like Dan Kaminsky, an independent network security researcher who is one of the engineers involved in the project, want to counteract three major deficiencies in today’s Internet. There is no mechanism for ensuring trust, the quality of software is uneven, and it is difficult to track down bad actors.One reason for these flaws is that from the 1960s through the 1980s the engineers who designed the network’s underlying technology were concerned about reliable, rather than secure, communications. That is starting to change with the introduction of Secure DNS by governments and other organizations.The event in Singapore capped a process that began more than a year ago and is expected to be complete after 300 so-called top-level domains have been digitally signed. Before the Singapore event, 70 countries had adopted the technology, and 14 more were added as part of the event. While large countries are generally doing the technical work to include their own domains in the system, the association of Internet security specialists is helping smaller countries and organizations with the process.

1.It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that the Singapore event intended to____.2.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that___.3.The word “counteract”(Line 2, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to___.4.Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?5.What would be the best title for the text?

問題1

A、complete three data centers

B、put an end to Internet fraud

C、launch the Global system Secure DNS

D、connect domain names to Web addresses

問題2

A、the Secure DNS has protected lots of companies from data thefts

B、experts see Secure DNS as a promising technology

C、companies like Sony are undergoing an Internet security crisis

D、communicating via the Internet makes people more confident

問題3

A、eliminate

B、hide

C、assess

D、substitute

問題4

A、Secure DNS will be completed soon.

B、Internet engineers prefer to wait and see how things go.

C、Domains of more countries will be included in Secure DNS.

D、More countries are supposed to invest in Secure DNS.

問題5

A、The Network Security Condition Is Worrying

B、Secure DNS Has Grown Mature Nowadays

C、Secure DNS Will Become a Popular technology

D、A Stronger Net Security System Is Under Way

4、Text 2 ①Last year marked the third year in a row of when Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace. ②One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program. ①In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care. ②Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty. ③They’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide. ④In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children. ①But CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment. ②In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University. ①That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty.②However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect. ③The only previous study analyzing causality, based on  an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view.④There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says. ①Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though.② Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation. ③Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates. ①Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012—including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program—in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces.② “We see that the program is associated with a 30 percentreduction in deforestation,” Ferraro says. ①That’s likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshiftinsurance policies againstinclementweather, Ferraro says. ②Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests. ① Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess. ②Ferraro suggests the resultsmaytransfer to other parts of Asia, due to commonalities such as the importance of growing rice and market access.③And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what's good for people may also be good for the environment. ④Even if this program didn’t reduce poverty, Ferraro says, "the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs. "

 1、According to the first two paragraphs, CCT programs aim to______. 2、The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show that ______ . 3、In his study about Indonesia, Ferraro intends to find out ______ . 4、According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is most valuable in that ______ . 5、What is the text  centered  on?

問題1

A、facilitate healthcare reform

B、help poor families get better off

C、improve local education systems

D、lower deforestation rates

問題2

A、cattle raising has been a major means of livelihood for the poor

B、CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles

C、antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers

D、economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation

問題3

A、its acceptance level of CCTs

B、its annual rate of poverty alleviation

C、the relation of CCTs to its forest loss

D、the role of its forests in climate change

問題4

A、it will benefit other Asian countries

B、it will reduce regional inequality

C、it can protect the environment

D、it can benefit grain production

問題5

A、The effects of a program.

B、The debates over a program.

C、The process of a study.

D、The transferability of a study.

5、Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. ___1___ the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly  ___2___ to live shorter lives. This suggests that  ___3___ bulbs burn longer, that there is an  ___4___ in not being too terrifically bright.    Intelligence, it  ___5___ out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow  ___6___ the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual  ___7___ — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to  ___8___ .    Is there an adaptive value to ___9___ intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance ___10___ at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real ___11___ of our own intelligence might be. This is ___12___ the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.    Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would ___13___ on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, ___14___ , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that ___15___ animals ran the labs, they would test us to ___16___ the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really ___17___ , not merely how much of it there is. ___18___ , they would hope to study a ___19___ question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? ___20___ the results are inconclusive.

問題1

A、Suppose

B、Consider

C、Observe

D、Imagine

問題2

A、tended

B、feared

C、happened

D、threatened

問題3

A、thinner

B、stabler

C、lighter

D、dimmer

問題4

A、tendency

B、advantage

C、inclination

D、priority

問題5

A、insists on

B、sums up

C、turns out

D、puts forward

問題6

A、off

B、behind

C、over

D、along

問題7

A、incredible

B、spontaneous

C、inevitable

D、gradual

問題8

A、fight

B、doubt

C、stop

D、think

問題9

A、invisible

B、limited

C、indefinite

D、different

問題10

A、upward

B、forward

C、afterward

D、backward

問題11

A、features

B、influences

C、results

D、costs

問題12

A、outside

B、on

C、by

D、across

問題13

A、deliver

B、carry

C、perform

D、apply

問題14

A、by chance

B、in contrast

C、as usual

D、for instance

問題15

A、if

B、unless

C、as

D、lest

問題16

A、moderate

B、overcome

C、determine

D、reach

問題17

A、at

B、for

C、after

D、with

問題18

A、Above all

B、After all

C、However

D、Otherwise

問題19

A、fundamental

B、comprehensive

C、equivalent

D、hostile

問題20

A、By accident

B、In time

C、So far

D、Better still