考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練（四百零二）

本文提供考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、The Earth’s daily clock, measured in a single revolution, is twenty-four hours. The human clock, 1, is actually about twenty-five hours. That’s 2 scientists who study sleep have determined from human subjects who live for several weeks in observation chambers with no 3 of day or night. Sleep researchers have 4 other surprising discoveries as well.We spend about one-third of our lives asleep, a fact that suggests sleeping. 5 eating and breathing, is fundamental life process. Yet some people almost never sleep, getting by on as 6 as fifteen minutes a day. And more than seventy years of 7 into sleep deprivation, in which people have been kept 8 for three to ten days, has yielded only one certain findings: Sleep loss makes a person sleepy and that’s about all; it causes no lasting ill 9. Too much sleep, however, may be 10 for you.These findings 11 some long-held views of sleep, and they raise questions about its fundamental purpose in our lives. In 12, scientists don’t know just why sleep is necessary.“We get sleepy, and when we sleep, that sleepiness is reversed,” Dr. Howard Roffwarg of the University of Texas in Dallas explains. “We know sleep has a function, 13 we feel it has a function. We can’t put our finger on it, but it must, 14 in some way, direct or indirect, have to do with rest and restitution.”O(jiān)ther scientists think sleep is more the result of evolutionary habit than 15 actual need. Animals sleep for some parts of the day perhaps because it is the 16 thing for them to do: it keeps them 17 and hidden from predators; it’s a survival tactic. Before the advent of electricity, humans had to spend at least some of each day in 18 and had little reason to question the reason or need for 19 But the development of the electroencephalograph and the resulting discovery in 1937 of dramatic 20 in brain activity between sleep and wakefulness opened the way for scientific inquiry in the subject.

問題1

A、however

B、furthermore

C、likewise

D、therefore

問題2

A、the

B、what

C、because

D、many

問題3

A、idea

B、feeling

C、sense

D、judgment

問題4

A、come up against

B、come down to

C、come up with

D、come up to

問題5

A、with

B、like

C、unlike

D、as

問題6

A、little

B、much

C、few

D、long

問題7

A、probe

B、investigation

C、research

D、examination

問題8

A、asleep

B、sleepy

C、active

D、awake

問題9

A、effects

B、affections

C、affects

D、impacts

問題10

A、useful

B、good

C、bad

D、harmful

問題11

A、challenge

B、deny

C、doubt

D、dispute

問題12

A、addition

B、fact

C、line

D、short

問題13

A、if

B、because

C、like

D、provided

問題14

A、at least

B、at most

C、at best

D、at worst

問題15

A、from

B、an

C、the

D、of

問題16

A、worst

B、best

C、only

D、natural

問題17

A、comfortable

B、calm

C、quiet

D、excited

問題18

A、coldness

B、warmth

C、darkness

D、shade

問題19

A、sleep

B、work

C、food

D、clothes

問題20

A、differences

B、similarities

C、resemblance

D、opposites

2、Public health emergencies are a fact of life in a world as interconnected as ours. The idea behind an emergency fund is not to displace efforts to combat infectious disease but to ramp them up to meet a crushing temporary need. During an outbreak the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) can call on many doctors and nurses to work without pay, but the costs of transportation, medical supplies and protective equipment still have to be covered. The surge in patients typically increases the need for laboratory testing or surveillance of insects, rodents or other carriers of illness—extra requirements that can be met by short-term contracts with commercial companies.Thomas Frieden, former director of the CDC, estimates that 90 percent of the Ebola deaths that occurred in West Africa in 2014 and 2015 could have been prevented if the agency had been able to unleash a massive effort right away. In July 2014 he estimates that an additional 300 beds to treat Ebola patients would have been enough to stop the illness from spreading. But July was also approaching the end of the fiscal year for the U.S. government, and there was not enough flexibility in the CDC’s budget to finance the necessary response. By November, after Congress made further money available, more than 3,000 beds were needed to treat everyone who had become sick.When Zika hit the southern U.S. and Puerto Rico in 2016, health officials had to go back to Congress to ask for funds for the new emergency. Months went by without action as some legislators wrangled over the role Planned Parenthood might play in the endeavor, among other things, local health officials reportedly put other critical programs on hold to deal with the new threat.Legislators from both the Democratic and Republican parties have recognized the problem and are trying to do something about it. Senator Bill Cassidy of Louisiana, a Republican, introduced the Public Health Emergency Response and Accountability Act last year and again in January 2017 to create a more robust national health emergency fund that would tie current funding to amounts spent on previous public health emergencies. In 2016 Representative Rosa DeLauro of Connecticut, a Democrat, called for a one-time appropriation of $5 billion for emergency health and is planning to do so again this year. But introducing legislation (or making a vague promise in the president’s budget) does not help if Congress fails to pass it. Lawmakers need to follow through by approving one or both of the proposed measures for the president to sign to ensure that the money will be there when the next public health emergency strikes.

1.According to the first paragraph, what can a health emergency fund help?2.The word “surveillance” (Line 6, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to____.3.Which of the following is true about Ebola in West Africa?4.We may infer from the third paragraph that____.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

問題1

A、Distribute the endeavors to fight against epidemics.

B、Transport medical supplies and protective equipment.

C、Increase the efforts to satisfy the health emergency need.

D、Make experiments on the carriers of contagious diseases.

問題2

A、supporting

B、monitoring

C、surrounding

D、questioning

問題3

A、It spread more quickly than people had expected.

B、It caused less deaths than people had estimated.

C、It obtained more money than people had budgeted.

D、It needed more financial support than people had thought.

問題4

A、Zika attacked at least two places around the whole globe at first

B、officials in local area sought for money from World Health Organization

C、Planned Parenthood might play an important role in combating Zika

D、legislators postponed other significant programs to tackle Zika

問題5

A、The Necessity of a Public Health Emergency Fund

B、The Attacks from Epidemics to Health Emergency

C、The Public Health Emergency Response and Accountability Act

D、The Way to Deal with the Great Threats to the Public Health

3、When older people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But more and more studies suggest that this assumption is often wrong. Instead, the research finds, the aging brain is simply taking in more data and trying to sift through a clutter of information, often to its long-term benefit. The studies are analyzed in a new edition of a neurology book, “Progress in Brain Research.”Some brains do deteriorate with age. Alzheimer’s disease, for example, strikes 13 percent of Americans 65 and older. But for most aging adults, the authors say, much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latch onto just one fact, like a name or a telephone number. Although that can be frustrating, it is often useful. “It may be that distractibility is not, in fact, a bad thing,” said Shelley H. Carson, a psychology researcher at Harvard whose work was cited in the book. “It may increase the amount of information available to the conscious mind.”For example, in studies where subjects are asked to read passages that are interrupted with unexpected words or phrases, adults 60 and older work much more slowly than college students. Although the students plow through the texts at a consistent speed regardless of what the out-of-place words mean, older people slow down even more when the words are related to the topic at hand. That indicates that they are not just stumbling over the extra information, but are taking it in and processing it. When both groups were later asked questions for which the out-of-place words might be answers, the older adults responded much better than the students.“For the young people, it’s as if the distraction never happened.” said an author of the review, Lynn Hasher, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute. “But for older adults, because they’ve retained all this extra data, they’re now suddenly the better problem solvers. They can transfer the information they’ve soaked up from one situation to another.”In the real world, such tendencies can yield big advantages, where it is not always clear what information is important, or will become important. A seemingly irrelevant point or suggestion in a memo can take on new meaning if the original plan changes. Or extra details that stole your attention, like others’ yawning and fidgeting, may help you assess the speaker’s real impact.

1.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that____2.Older adults tend to be forgetful because of____3.The studies mentioned in paragraph 3 show that____4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?5.The text intends to tell us that____

問題1

A、aging brains tend to process more information simultaneously.

B、one will become forgetful when he gets old.

C、older people don’t think their brainpower is falling.

D、the aged always stress long-term benefit.

問題2

A、their wide information.

B、the harm of Alzheimer’s disease.

C、their broader range of attention.

D、their frustration from limited attention.

問題3

A、out-of-place words are never negligible.

B、it is advisable for the old to read slowly.

C、there is nothing that can distract young people.

D、old people may be more attentive in face of distractions.

問題4

A、The forgetfulness of the old people turns to be their advantages.

B、The meaning of a point in a memo is changing anytime.

C、Wide attention is actually valuable in daily life.

D、Extra details influence one’s focus of attention.

問題5

A、brains do deteriorate with age.

B、an older brain may be a wiser brain.

C、a brain with disease is a brain with wisdom.

D、how an older brain processes information.

4、Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which showed that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men in order to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and Technology is around f 1,500 a year.That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking “career breaks” to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £4,000 a year more than female ones.To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.Besides pay, her study also looked at the “glass-ceiling” effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Different from the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. In other words, private enterprise delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.

1.The phrase “crop up” in the first paragraph most probably means____2.Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connolly’s study?3.According to the text, the author places interpretation on____4.In contrast to Dr. Connolly’s study, the previous ones failed to____5.Which of followings could be the best title for the text?

問題1

A、thrive.

B、plant.

C、elevate.

D、happen.

問題2

A、Pay discrimination between male and female scientists.

B、Fewer research resources for women scientists.

C、The super qualities possessed by male scientists.

D、The role of analyzing the results of a survey.

問題3

A、a humor.

B、a adage.

C、a term.

D、a motto.

問題4

A、compare the pay between male and female scientists.

B、make a comparison between the experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities.

C、contrast the degree of efforts between male and female scientists in their endeavors.

D、make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality.

問題5

A、Avoid the discrimination.

B、Free to Flutter.

C、The Hardest Move.

D、Mind the Gap.

5、On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.    In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.    Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately “occupied the field,” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.    However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.    Two of the three objecting Justices—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.    The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.    Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

1、Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ____2、On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?3、It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts ____4、The White House claims that its power of enforcement ____5、What can be learned from the last paragraph?

問題1

A、deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.

B、disturbed the power balance between different states.

C、overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.

D、contradicted both the federal and state policies.

問題2

A、Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information.

B、States’ independence from federal immigration law.

C、States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

D、Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.

問題3

A、violated the Constitution.

B、undermined the states’ interests.

C、supported the federal statute.

D、stood in favor of the states.

問題4

A、outweighs that held by the states.

B、is dependent on the states’ support.

C、is established by federal statutes.

D、rarely goes against state laws.

問題5

A、Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

B、Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.

C、Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.

D、The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.