考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練（三百九十四）

本文提供考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that involves short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problem. It （1）in young adulthood (between the ages of 20 and 30), levels out for a period of time, and then （2）starts to slowly decline as we age. But （3）aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle loss and the （4）of body fat around the abdomen, which often begin in middle age and continue into advanced age, are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the （5）  that lifestyle factors, such as the type of diet you follow and the type and amount of exercise you get throughout the years to maintain more lean muscle, might help prevent or （6） this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that （7）measurements of lean muscle, abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat (the type of fat you can see and grab hold of) from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and （8）that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people （9）higher measures of abdominal fat（10）worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years（11）.For women, the association may be（12）to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be （13）. Future studies could （14）these differences and perhaps lead to different（15）for men and women.（16） there are steps you can （17）to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental（18）. The two most generally recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your （19）of aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style （20） that is high in fiber from whole grains, vegetables, and other plant foods and eliminates highly processed foods. If you carry extra belly fat, speak with your health care provider to determine a plan that is best for you.

問題1

A、pauses

B、return

C、peaks

D、fades

問題2

A、alternatively

B、formally

C、accidentally

D、generally

問題3

A、while

B、since

C、once

D、until

問題4

A、detection

B、accumulation

C、consumption

D、separation

問題5

A、possibility

B、decision

C、goal

D、requirement

問題6

A、delay

B、ensure

C、seek

D、utilize

問題7

A、modified

B、supported

C、included

D、predicted

問題8

A、devoted

B、compared

C、converted

D、applied

問題9

A、with

B、above

C、by

D、against

問題10

A、lived

B、managed

C、scored

D、played

問題11

A、ran out

B、set off

C、drew in

D、went by

問題12

A、superior

B、attributable

C、parallel

D、resistant

問題13

A、restored

B、isolated

C、involved

D、controlled

問題14

A、alter

B、spread

C、remove

D、explain

問題15

A、compensations

B、symptoms

C、demands

D、treatments

問題16

A、Likewise

B、Meanwhile

C、Therefore

D、Instead

問題17

A、change

B、watch

C、count

D、take

問題18

A、well-being

B、process

C、formation

D、coordination

問題19

A、level

B、love

C、knowledge

D、space

問題20

A、design

B、routine

C、diet

D、prescription

2、Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialized work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.

1.Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because（  ）.2. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have（  ）.3.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?4.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms（  ）.5.Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?

問題1

A、its funding has enjoyed a steady increase

B、its marketing strategy has been successful

C、its payment for peer review is reduced

D、its content acquisition costs nothing

問題2

A、thrived mainly on university libraries

B、gone through an existential crisis

C、revived the publishing industry

D、financed researchers generously

問題3

A、Relieved.

B、Puzzled.

C、Concerned.

D、Encouraged.

問題4

A、allow publishers some room to make money

B、render publishing much easier for scientists

C、reduce the cost of publication substantially

D、free universities from financial burdens

問題5

A、Trial subscription is offered.

B、Labour triumphs over status.

C、Costs are well controlled.

D、The few feed on the many.

3、boom 

A、 adj. 不同的；另一個(gè)（人）

B、 adj. 令人尷尬的，使人難堪的；難對(duì)付的，難處理的；不方便的；產(chǎn)生困難的，危險(xiǎn)的；笨拙的，不舒適的

C、 adj. 知道，意識(shí)到，明白；察覺到，發(fā)覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)；對(duì)……有興趣的，有……意識(shí)的

D、 n. 激增，繁榮；突然風(fēng)靡的時(shí)期；深沉的響聲；水柵；v. 轟鳴，轟響；以低沉有力的聲音說；迅速發(fā)展，激增，繁榮昌盛

4、brief 

A、 adj. 短時(shí)間的，短暫的；簡(jiǎn)潔的，簡(jiǎn)單的；過短的，暴露身體的；v. 給指示，向介紹情況；向（辯護(hù)律師）提供案情摘要；n. 任務(wù)簡(jiǎn)介，指示；案情摘要，委托辯護(hù)；辯護(hù)狀；辯護(hù)律師

B、 adj. 任何的；所有的；絲毫的

C、 n. 注意，專心，留心，注意力；興趣，關(guān)注；殷勤，關(guān)心；特別照料；立正姿勢(shì)

D、 adv. 總之；無論如何；不管怎樣

5、bulk 

A、 adj. 性感的，嫵媚的，英俊的，誘人的；吸引人的，令人愉快的；有吸引力的

B、 v. 使某物加大（或加厚、加重）；n. 預(yù)算，主體，大部分；體積，大（量）；巨大的體重

C、 n. 觀眾，聽眾；讀者；會(huì)見，覲見，進(jìn)見

D、 adj. 聲音的；錄音的