考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練（三百九十三）

本文提供考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、As a historian who's always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I've become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?). I’ve found quite a few, and – since I started posting them on Twitter – they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.Of course, I need to concede that my collection of "Smiling Victorians" makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend?During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs. The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate, and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today's digital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular "pearly whites" was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps, and music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carroll's gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.

1.According to paragraph 1, the author's posts on Twitter（  ）.2.What does author say about the Victorian portraits he has collected?3.What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s?4.Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictures was（  ）.5.Which of the following questions does the text answer?

問題1

A、changed people's impression of the Victorians

B、highlighted social media's role in Victorian studies

C、re-evaluated the Victorians notion of public image

D、illustrated the development of Victorian photography

問題2

A、They are in popular use among historians.

B、They are rare among photographs of that age.

C、They mirror 19th-century social conventions.

D、They show effects of different exposure times.

問題3

A、Their inherent social sensitiveness.

B、Their tension before the camera.

C、Their distrust of new inventions.

D、Their unhealthy dental condition.

問題4

A、a deep-root belief

B、a misguided attitude

C、a controversial view

D、a thought-provoking idea

問題5

A、Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs.

B、Why did the Victorians start to view photographs.

C、What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period.

D、How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm.

2、Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. _1_ of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones _2_ on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. _3_ you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you _4_ can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate _5_ to civilization, one of which is to follow the land. When you find yourself well _6_ a trail, but not in a completely _7_ area, you have to answer two questions: Which _8_ is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. _9_, if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should _10_ see signs of people. If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be _11_ how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. Another _12_: Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. _13_, even in dense forest, you should be able to _14_ gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve _15_ the woods. Head toward these _16_ to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for _17_ light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution. _18_, assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the _19_ we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can _20_ you to civilization.

問題1

A、 Few

B、 More

C、 Some

D、 All

問題2

A、 put

B、 take

C、 run

D、 come

問題3

A、 Since

B、 Until

C、 Though

D、 If

問題4

A、 formally

B、 literally

C、 gradually

D、 relatively

問題5

A、 around

B、 away

C、 back

D、 next

問題6

A、 onto

B、 along

C、 across

D、 off

問題7

A、 unattractive

B、 unfamiliar

C、 unchanged

D、 uncrowded

問題8

A、 way

B、 point

C、 site

D、 place

問題9

A、 Instead

B、 Yet

C、 So

D、 Besides

問題10

A、 immediately

B、 eventually

C、 unexpectedly

D、 intentionally

問題11

A、 frightened

B、 annoyed

C、 surprised

D、 confused

問題12

A、 problem

B、 result

C、 view

D、 option

問題13

A、 Above all

B、 For example

C、 On average

D、 In contrast

問題14

A、 spot

B、 avoid

C、 bridge

D、 separate

問題15

A、 from

B、 under

C、 beyond

D、 through

問題16

A、 posts

B、 breaks

C、 shades

D、 links

問題17

A、 hidden

B、 mysterious

C、 artificial

D、 limited

問題18

A、 Finally

B、 Consequently

C、 Incidentally

D、 Generally

問題19

A、 memories

B、 belongings

C、 notes

D、 marks

問題20

A、 lead

B、 adapt

C、 restrict

D、 expose

3、A Downing Street review into modern employment is to call on the government to improve the quality of work for millions of people earning the minimum wage after it found too many are stuck with few prospects and falling job satisfaction.A 10-month review commissioned by the prime minister has identified a productivity crisis among the lowest paid workers, particularly in sectors such as retail, care work and hospitality, and will urge the government to give the low Pay Commission a new role to boost job satisfaction.Matthew Taylor, a former adviser to Tony Blair, is expected to say next week that the government needs to widen the focus of its industrial strategy to tackle falling productivity among the low paid—not least because many work in the public sector—as well as its current priority of high value, high tech export industries. Taylor’s report is expected to say “the ambition we should have is that all work is fair and decent and with scope for fulfillment and development”.The low Pay Commission sets the national living wage. There are predictions that 15% of the British workforce will be earning up to or at that level by 2020, up from 2% in 2000. In three years a quarter of workers in wholesale, retail, agriculture and fishing will be earning at the wage floor, according to the Resolution Foundation.The review was ordered by Theresa May following revelations about low pay and the lack of basic employment rights endured by many workers in sectors including parcel delivery, minicab driving and warehouse work.The Guardian exposed poor pay and conditions for workers in gig economy companies including courier firm Hermes and how Sports Direct in effect paid agency workers at its Shirebrook warehouse in Derbyshire less than the minimum wage.In her first speech as prime minister, May addressed people who “have a job, but... don’t always have job security”, those who are “just managing” and said: “The government I lead will be driven not by the interests of the privileged few, but by yours.”The Taylor review is seen as one of her most concrete attempts to deliver on that. It is expected to suggest the government develop a set of measures to assess the quality of low paid work across different sectors, taking into account issues such as access to training and job satisfaction.Research in April for the RSA, of which Taylor is chief executive, found three out of four people think more should be done to improve the quality of work. It said 13.5 million people are living in poverty in Britain and 55% are in working households.

1.What does not contribute to the call for improvement according to Paragraph 1?2.Downing Street review is so called because it is____. 3.According to the text, who are not the subjects covered in the review?4.In which walk of life is gig economy pervasive according to the text?5.Which of the following maybe the best title for the text?

問題1

A、Low job satisfaction.

B、Poor payment for work.

C、Modern job market.

D、Bleak future for work.

問題2

A、carried out in Downing Street

B、commanded by British Prime Minister

C、conducted by chief executive of RSA

D、a lengthy research like Downing Street

問題3

A、The low-paid employees.

B、The minimum-wage earners.

C、The people in poverty.

D、The rich royal family.

問題4

A、In non-government organizations.

B、In government departments.

C、In express companies.

D、In business companies.

問題5

A、Low-paid Workers Need Better Prospects, May Told

B、Government Need to Take Immediate Actions

C、Low Pay Commission Tries to Call for Improvement

D、All Work Is Fair and Decent, Matthew Taylor Said

4、balloon 

A、 n. 大使；使節(jié)

B、 adj. 模棱兩可的，含混不清的；不明確的

C、 n. 救護(hù)車

D、 n. 氣球；熱氣球；v. 膨脹，漲大；乘熱氣球飛行

5、Text 2 ①Last year marked the third year in a row of when Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace. ②One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program. ①In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care. ②Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty. ③They’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide. ④In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children. ①But CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment. ②In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University. ①That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty.②However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect. ③The only previous study analyzing causality, based on  an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view.④There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says. ①Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though.② Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation. ③Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates. ①Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012—including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program—in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces.② “We see that the program is associated with a 30 percentreduction in deforestation,” Ferraro says. ①That’s likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshiftinsurance policies againstinclementweather, Ferraro says. ②Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests. ① Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess. ②Ferraro suggests the resultsmaytransfer to other parts of Asia, due to commonalities such as the importance of growing rice and market access.③And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what's good for people may also be good for the environment. ④Even if this program didn’t reduce poverty, Ferraro says, "the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs. " 

1、According to the first two paragraphs, CCT programs aim to______. 2、The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show that ______ . 3、In his study about Indonesia, Ferraro intends to find out ______ . 4、According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is most valuable in that ______ . 5、What is the text  centered  on?

問題1

A、facilitate healthcare reform

B、help poor families get better off

C、improve local education systems

D、lower deforestation rates

問題2

A、cattle raising has been a major means of livelihood for the poor

B、CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles

C、antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers

D、economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation

問題3

A、its acceptance level of CCTs

B、its annual rate of poverty alleviation

C、the relation of CCTs to its forest loss

D、the role of its forests in climate change

問題4

A、it will benefit other Asian countries

B、it will reduce regional inequality

C、it can protect the environment

D、it can benefit grain production

問題5

A、The effects of a program.

B、The debates over a program.

C、The process of a study.

D、The transferability of a study.