考研201英語(yǔ)（一）在線題庫(kù)每日一練（三百八十九）

本文提供考研201英語(yǔ)（一）在線題庫(kù)每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions: “What is intelligence, identify, or consciousness? What makes humans humans?” What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “West world” and “Humans”.“Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced,” says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousnesss actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.” But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren't at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google pledged not to “design or deploy AI” that would cause “overall harm,” or to develop AI-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair. To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity's highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein's out-of-control monster. 

問(wèn)題1. Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein is mentioned because it（  ）.

A、fascinates AI scientists all over the world

B、has remained popular for as long as 200 years

C、involves some concerns raised by AI today

D、has sparked serious ethical controversies

問(wèn)題2. In David Eagleman's opinion, our current knowledge of consciousness（  ）.

A、helps explain artificial intelligence

B、can be misleading to robot making

C、inspires popular sci-fi TV series

D、is too limited for us to reproduce it

問(wèn)題3. The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles（  ）.

A、can hardly ever be found

B、is still beyond our capacity

C、causes little public concern

D、has aroused much curiosity

問(wèn)題4. The author's attitude toward Google's pledge is one of（  ）.

A、affirmation

B、skepticism

C、contempt

D、respect

問(wèn)題5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A、AI's Future: In the Hands of Tech Giants

B、Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of AI

C、The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable

D、AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of Control

2、Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. （1）a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can（2）it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this（3）should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure（4）to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has（5）a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked（6）high temperatures.This means that people should （7）crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only（8）toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? （9）studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no（10）evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is "（11）to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. （12）the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is（13）to follow the FSA advice.（14）, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a（15）.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be（16）upon Sunday along side some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living?（17）, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods（18）, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their（19）risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just（20）with no one listening.

問(wèn)題1

A、In

B、Towards

C、On

D、Till

問(wèn)題2

A、match

B、express

C、satisfy

D、influence

問(wèn)題3

A、patience

B、enjoyment

C、surprise

D、concern

問(wèn)題4

A、intensified

B、privileged

C、compelled

D、guaranteed

問(wèn)題5

A、issued

B、received

C、ignored

D、canceled

問(wèn)題6

A、under

B、at

C、for

D、by

問(wèn)題7

A、forget

B、regret

C、finish

D、avoid

問(wèn)題8

A、partially

B、regularly

C、easily

D、initially

問(wèn)題9

A、Unless

B、Since

C、If

D、While

問(wèn)題10

A、secondary

B、external

C、inconclusive

D、negative

問(wèn)題11

A、insufficient

B、bound

C、likely

D、slow

問(wèn)題12

A、On the basis of

B、At the cost of

C、In addition to

D、In contrast to

問(wèn)題13

A、interesting

B、advisable

C、urgent

D、fortunate

問(wèn)題14

A、As usual

B、In particular

C、By definition

D、After all

問(wèn)題15

A、resemblance

B、combination

C、connection

D、pattern

問(wèn)題16

A、made

B、served

C、saved

D、used

問(wèn)題17

A、To be fair

B、For instance

C、To be brief

D、In general

問(wèn)題18

A、reluctantly

B、entirely

C、gradually

D、carefully

問(wèn)題19

A、promise

B、experience

C、campaign

D、competition

問(wèn)題20

A、follow up

B、pick up

C、open up

D、end up

3、Will a robot snatch away your job? Or will you learn to love intelligent machines as co¬workers? In today’s quickly evolving workplace a little of either may be true.Robots were once seen as workers that would free humans from the “three D” jobs: dull, dirty, and dangerous. Unskilled laborers would have their jobs handed to machines that never needed to take a day off, a vacation, or even a coffee break.That’s still a concern. But humans have also proved resilient, possessing a wide array of fine motor skills that have proved difficult to reproduce in machines. While robots might operate using one sensor, perhaps a kind of vision, humans can tap five senses to assess a situation, as well as a complex set of memories and experiences. When robots can catch up is anyone’s guess.Still, more and more robots are scurrying around places like gigantic Amazon distribution centers, where they deliver packages to channels matched to the right delivery ZIP code. Their paths as they roll about the warehouse floor are based on complex algorithms that maximize efficiency. But for now, humans are still needed to pack the actual boxes, which might contain several items of different sizes, shapes, weights, and fragility. That’s a packing choice that still stumps a robot, but is easily handled by a human.As artificial intelligence advances, robots will move into higher-skilled jobs that seem especially human. This spring, for example, minor league baseball is experimenting with a “robo-umpire” called TrackMan that calls balls and strikes behind home plate. No more fans yelling at a human ump “Get a pair of glasses!” Journalists have fancied themselves pretty safe from robo-job stealing. But RADAR, a robot news writer in Britain, researches and writes stories based on templates created by humans, producing about 8,000 local news stories a month. Humans are still needed to double-check the work, just as editors do with human journalists today.Observers worry that the historically low 3.6% jobless rate in the United States is temporarily masking this robot revolution shocking the workplace. In April, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development estimated 14% of the jobs in its 36 member nations are at “high risk” of being eliminated by automation, while another 32% will undergo major changes in how they are done. Millions of workers young and old will need to learn new skills to keep their jobs or qualify for new ones. How to prepare to work alongside robots and other manifestations of artificial intelligence is a challenge that individuals, educators, employers, and governments are going to be facing at an ever-quickening pace.

問(wèn)題1.What does the author mean by saying “That’s still a concern” (Line 1, Paragraph 3)?

A、It is uncertain whether robots will snatch away human’s works.

B、Robots were able to replace human in the nontechnical jobs.

C、Fine operating skills possessed by humans were irreproducible.

D、Intelligent machines would work together with humans.

問(wèn)題2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?

A、Robots still need the help of human in some jobs.

B、Humans still play a dominant role in the workplace.

C、There is no difficulty for robots to work independently.

D、Robots can take the place of human in the future.

問(wèn)題3.The author quotes the example of TrackMan and RADAR to show that_____.

A、humans should learn new skills to avoid being replaced

B、artificial intelligence has experienced rapid development

C、robots will engage in those jobs requiring advanced skills

D、it is possible for humans to face the threat of losing jobs soon

問(wèn)題4.The author’s attitude towards working together with robots is_____.

A、appreciative

B、ambiguous

C、concerned

D、objective

問(wèn)題5.Which of the following is the text mainly about?

A、The development of artificial intelligence.

B、The impact of robot revolution on human’s jobs.

C、The challenges faced by humans in the workplace.

D、What kinds of jobs robots will do in the future.

4、Latin America—a place long associated with financial disaster—has remained improbably calm, while the ripples of America’s subprime-mortgage crisis have spread all over the place. Banks have reported no unpleasant surprises. Brazil and Peru have been blessed with coveted investment-grade ratings. Surprisingly, perhaps the fleetest country of all has been Argentina. Since it emerged from the financial crisis of 2001-02, it has been one of the world’s fastest growing economies. It is expected to expand faster than most of its neighbors again this year. How has such a perennial economic miscreant proven so resilient to the credit crunch?Quite simply, it barely has no credit. Back when its economy virtually collapsed, the country suffered a run on its banks, followed by a freeze on withdrawals, and a massive currency devaluation. As a result, bank lending to the private sector shrivelled, from 23.8% of GDP in 2000 to 10.8% in 2003. Since then, it has rebounded to a piddling 13%; by contrast, the ratio in Brazil was 36. 5% in 2006. Almost all of these loans in Argentina are accessible only on a short-term basis.Once its recovery began in June 2002, Argentina became a paradise for business. Unemployment of over 20% kept wages down, and the devaluation gave exporters an edge on foreign competitors. The ample productive capacity left idle by the crisis meant firms could expand without making big investments. And the windfall profits reaped by agricultural exporters, thanks to record commodities prices, enabled many of them to finance new projects out of earnings. Hence the economy could grow at almost 9% a year with little need for credit.But such a fortuitous confluence of factors could not last. Starting in early 2005, inflation picked up, a sign that the installed capacity was starling to limit output. Salaries and prices for raw materials increased sharply, cutting into profits. And farmers were particularly hard hit when the government nearly doubled the taxes it leaves on farm exports. Now, just as companies need to embark on big investments if they are to keep growing, their margins are no longer big enough to pay for the expansion and they need to borrow.So, the time is ripe for the country’s financial system to recover. But a number of things are in the way. Foremost is Argentina’s business risk. Those in the informal economy (which represents over 40% of GDP) can neither save nor borrow legally, lest they become known to tie taxmen. The rest remain cowed by memories of the crisis. Although Argentines have poured their savings into property, fuelling a construction boom, they still hold about four-fifths of their deposits abroad.Inflation, fuelled by a public-spending binge, stale-mandated wage increases, and a cheap currency, is not helping either. No one knows how high it is. The consumer price index is doctored to keep the official rate Below 10%, but private estimates suggest it is near 25%. Without a reliable index of inflation, lending is all but impossible, even for the medium term. And the central bank has kept interest rates strongly negative in real terms, encouraging workers to spend their wages rather than to save.

問(wèn)題1.What can we infer from the first paragraph?

A、America’s subprime-mortgage crisis has greatly influenced Latin America.

B、Latin America is suffering a financial disaster.

C、At the beginning of this century Argentina has suffered a financial crisis.

D、Argentina’s economy grows faster than any other countries economics.

問(wèn)題2.Argentina’s economy started its recovery in 2002. According to the text, which of the following is NOT the reason?

A、Low wages.

B、Low value of currency.

C、Low unemployment.

D、Low commodities prices of exports.

問(wèn)題3.According to the author, Argentina’s financial recovery has been hindered because____.

A、the banks cannot offer enough financial help

B、companies never pay the tax

C、they do not have enough foreign investment

D、companies’ increased caution for the crisis

問(wèn)題4.There is no dependable index of inflation, because____

A、the value of the currency is low.

B、there are different ways to get the index.

C、the index have been manipulated by the government.

D、the central bank has kept rates low.

問(wèn)題5.What is the main idea of the text?

A、Credit does not play a role in economy.

B、Banking sector and capital markets sometimes are not so essential in economy.

C、Argentina’s economy is the best one in Latin America.

D、Argentina is a paradise for business.

5、Text 2 ①Last year marked the third year in a row of when Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace. ②One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program. ①In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care. ②Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty. ③They’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide. ④In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children. ①But CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment. ②In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University. ①That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty.②However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect. ③The only previous study analyzing causality, based on  an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view.④There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says. ①Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though.② Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation. ③Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates. ①Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012—including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program—in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces.② “We see that the program is associated with a 30 percentreduction in deforestation,” Ferraro says. ①That’s likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshiftinsurance policies againstinclementweather, Ferraro says. ②Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests. ① Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess. ②Ferraro suggests the resultsmaytransfer to other parts of Asia, due to commonalities such as the importance of growing rice and market access.③And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what's good for people may also be good for the environment. ④Even if this program didn’t reduce poverty, Ferraro says, "the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs. " 

問(wèn)題1、According to the first two paragraphs, CCT programs aim to______. 

A、facilitate healthcare reform

B、help poor families get better off

C、improve local education systems

D、lower deforestation rates

問(wèn)題2、The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show that ______ . 

A、cattle raising has been a major means of livelihood for the poor

B、CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles

C、antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers

D、economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation

問(wèn)題3、In his study about Indonesia, Ferraro intends to find out ______ . 

A、its acceptance level of CCTs

B、its annual rate of poverty alleviation

C、the relation of CCTs to its forest loss

D、the role of its forests in climate change

問(wèn)題4、According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is most valuable in that ______ . 

A、it will benefit other Asian countries

B、it will reduce regional inequality

C、it can protect the environment

D、it can benefit grain production

問(wèn)題5、What is the text  centered  on?

A、The effects of a program.

B、The debates over a program.

C、The process of a study.

D、The transferability of a study.