考研201英語（一）模擬題及詳解（一）

考研責(zé)任編輯：希賽網(wǎng) 2023-07-07

摘要：本文是考研201英語（一）模擬題及詳解，參加201英語（一）的學(xué)生可以多做做題目，并通過本卷考生可了解考試試題題型及結(jié)構(gòu)，希望對本次考試有一定的幫助。

本文提供考研201英語（一）模擬題及詳解，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、Research suggests that British people are becoming increasingly detached from wildlife, the countryside and nature. Most people in the survey admitted they felt they were 1 touch with the natural world, 2 a third said they did not know enough about the subject to teach their own children. One in three people could not 3 an oak tree.This detachment has negative 4 for conservation. People simply won't rally round to save something they are not really 5 of. A major report last year already warned that Britain is among “the 6 nature-depleted countries in the world”.7 this is urban alienation at its most literal. Humans have 8 so decisively in the processes that create life on Earth 9 we are increasingly aware only of our own interventions, 10 not of the vast ecosystems that make them possible. Nature reminds us that we are a small part of something vast, 11, ever-evolving and infinitely precious. It reminds us that, as part of this 12. We are precious, too.13 all around us is self-destruction. Senior doctors and health charities warn that 14 drinking will kill 65,000 people over the next five years. They are asking urgently 15 a crackdown on cheap alcohol and 16 restrictions on the advertising of liquor to help to 17 the problem.The problem, however, seems existential to me. Many people are trying to 18 from themselves and their lives. 19, the measures work, simply making it harder for people to purchase their poison. But it's a strategy that makes a difference only 20 so many other aspects of a life have already gone wrong.

問題1

A、getting

B、keeping

C、losing

D、retaining

問題2

A、and

B、besides

C、moreover

D、while

問題3

A、identify

B、impair

C、illustrate

D、inhabit

問題4

A、continuity

B、consequences

C、sequences

D、controversy

問題5

A、aware

B、authoritative

C、concerned

D、considered

問題6

A、least

B、less

C、most

D、more

問題7

A、Hopefully

B、Unexpectedly

C、Presumably

D、Surely

問題8

A、interrupted

B、intervened

C、invaded

D、intrigued

問題9

A、as

B、it

C、which

D、that

問題10

A、and

B、as

C、nor

D、or

問題11

A、limited

B、definite

C、complex

D、distinctive

問題12

A、evolution

B、process

C、procedure

D、system

問題13

A、Moreover

B、Contradictory

C、Yet

D、Whilst

問題14

A、extra

B、heavy

C、massive

D、more

問題15

A、about

B、after

C、for

D、to

問題16

A、further

B、stricter

C、more

D、incredible

問題17

A、invert

B、avert

C、avail

D、reverse

問題18

A、move

B、escape

C、exile

D、resist

問題19

A、In the way

B、On the whole

C、As it is

D、To an extent

問題20

A、after

B、if

C、because

D、since

2、Public health emergencies are a fact of life in a world as interconnected as ours. The idea behind an emergency fund is not to displace efforts to combat infectious disease but to ramp them up to meet a crushing temporary need. During an outbreak the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) can call on many doctors and nurses to work without pay, but the costs of transportation, medical supplies and protective equipment still have to be covered. The surge in patients typically increases the need for laboratory testing or surveillance of insects, rodents or other carriers of illness—extra requirements that can be met by short-term contracts with commercial companies.Thomas Frieden, former director of the CDC, estimates that 90 percent of the Ebola deaths that occurred in West Africa in 2014 and 2015 could have been prevented if the agency had been able to unleash a massive effort right away. In July 2014 he estimates that an additional 300 beds to treat Ebola patients would have been enough to stop the illness from spreading. But July was also approaching the end of the fiscal year for the U.S. government, and there was not enough flexibility in the CDC’s budget to finance the necessary response. By November, after Congress made further money available, more than 3,000 beds were needed to treat everyone who had become sick.When Zika hit the southern U.S. and Puerto Rico in 2016, health officials had to go back to Congress to ask for funds for the new emergency. Months went by without action as some legislators wrangled over the role Planned Parenthood might play in the endeavor, among other things, local health officials reportedly put other critical programs on hold to deal with the new threat.Legislators from both the Democratic and Republican parties have recognized the problem and are trying to do something about it. Senator Bill Cassidy of Louisiana, a Republican, introduced the Public Health Emergency Response and Accountability Act last year and again in January 2017 to create a more robust national health emergency fund that would tie current funding to amounts spent on previous public health emergencies. In 2016 Representative Rosa DeLauro of Connecticut, a Democrat, called for a one-time appropriation of $5 billion for emergency health and is planning to do so again this year. But introducing legislation (or making a vague promise in the president’s budget) does not help if Congress fails to pass it. Lawmakers need to follow through by approving one or both of the proposed measures for the president to sign to ensure that the money will be there when the next public health emergency strikes.

1.According to the first paragraph, what can a health emergency fund help?2.The word “surveillance” (Line 6, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to____.3.Which of the following is true about Ebola in West Africa?4.We may infer from the third paragraph that____.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

問題1

A、Distribute the endeavors to fight against epidemics.

B、Transport medical supplies and protective equipment.

C、Increase the efforts to satisfy the health emergency need.

D、Make experiments on the carriers of contagious diseases.

問題2

A、supporting

B、monitoring

C、surrounding

D、questioning

問題3

A、It spread more quickly than people had expected.

B、It caused less deaths than people had estimated.

C、It obtained more money than people had budgeted.

D、It needed more financial support than people had thought.

問題4

A、Zika attacked at least two places around the whole globe at first

B、officials in local area sought for money from World Health Organization

C、Planned Parenthood might play an important role in combating Zika

D、legislators postponed other significant programs to tackle Zika

問題5

A、The Necessity of a Public Health Emergency Fund

B、The Attacks from Epidemics to Health Emergency

C、The Public Health Emergency Response and Accountability Act

D、The Way to Deal with the Great Threats to the Public Health

3、The woman disappeared. She had been coming to our group therapy sessions for months, and suddenly she stopped. Other group members told me why: she had been beaten so badly by her husband that she ended up in the hospital. The assault happened while her husband was, to use a too dainty phrase, “under the influence” of alcohol. I wish this were an isolated incident, but alcohol is a common instigator of violence against others, as well as harm to oneself.This link between alcohol and violence has been shown in multiple countries. In 1998 the Bureau of Justice Statistics reported that in the U.S., two thirds of violent attacks on intimate partners occurred in the context of alcohol abuse. Drinking increases the perpetration of physical and sexual violence. Alcohol use also reportedly increases the severity of violent assaults. Although drinking alcohol does not always lead to violence and is not a prerequisite for violence to occur, the link between alcohol and violence is undeniable.The victims are overwhelmingly women. But children are also harmed. Parents who drink heavily are more likely to physically abuse their child. Youngsters who live in neighborhoods with more bars or liquor stores are more likely to be maltreated. In fact, one out of every 10 instances of child abuse reported to child protective service agencies in the U.S. involves alcohol use.Violent, drunken men fall victim, too. They are as likely to die from alcohol-related firearm incidents as drunk-driving accidents. For all the effort put into preventing drunk driving, we have utterly failed to appreciate that being intoxicated while in possession of a firearm is an equally dangerous situation. Nevertheless, many states permit customers to carry firearms into establishments that serve alcohol.As a mental health care provider, I also commonly see patients under the influence who contemplate or try suicide. Suicide attempts are often impulsive acts. When sober, many patients regret these efforts to take their own life. Unfortunately, alcohol intoxication increases the risk that people will attempt suicide with a firearm, and because guns are the most lethal suicide method in the U.S., it is often too late for regrets.How do we break this deadly connection? As doctors, we should always ask about alcohol use, violence and access to firearms, simply to raise awareness among our patients. But there is another strategy that would be highly effective: raise alcohol taxes. Yes, alcohol is taxed, but the taxes have not kept up with inflation, making drinking more affordable than it has been in decades. Evidence shows that driving the price up would lower drinking’s tragic human cost.

1.According to Paragraph 1, the woman disappeared because____.2.The main idea of the second paragraph is to____.3.According to the author, the alcohol-related firearm incidents____.4.Suicide is mentioned in paragraph 5 to illustrate____.5.The author believes that we can break the connection by____.

問題1

A、she was fed up with group therapy sessions

B、she was driven out by other group members

C、she was severely hurt by her drunk husband

D、she was segregated from the therapy group

問題2

A、explain the intimate relationship between husband and wife

B、show the close connection between drinking and violence

C、boast the great harm done by alcohol abuse to innocents

D、share the certainty of drinking alcohol causing violenc

問題3

A、are as many as drunk-driving accidents

B、are not as dangerous as drunk-driving accidents

C、are not so emphasized as drunk-driving accidents

D、are prevented by bars or liquor stores in many states

問題4

A、the danger of impulse

B、the danger of firearm

C、the harm of suicide

D、the harm of alcohol abuse

問題5

A、increasing the taxes on alcohol and raising the prices of liquors

B、persuading the drunkards not to attempt to commit suicide

C、keeping alcohol taxes up with the inflation in the United States

D、pulling the alcohol abusers out of the influence of drinking

4、Latin America—a place long associated with financial disaster—has remained improbably calm, while the ripples of America’s subprime-mortgage crisis have spread all over the place. Banks have reported no unpleasant surprises. Brazil and Peru have been blessed with coveted investment-grade ratings. Surprisingly, perhaps the fleetest country of all has been Argentina. Since it emerged from the financial crisis of 2001-02, it has been one of the world’s fastest growing economies. It is expected to expand faster than most of its neighbors again this year. How has such a perennial economic miscreant proven so resilient to the credit crunch?Quite simply, it barely has no credit. Back when its economy virtually collapsed, the country suffered a run on its banks, followed by a freeze on withdrawals, and a massive currency devaluation. As a result, bank lending to the private sector shrivelled, from 23.8% of GDP in 2000 to 10.8% in 2003. Since then, it has rebounded to a piddling 13%; by contrast, the ratio in Brazil was 36. 5% in 2006. Almost all of these loans in Argentina are accessible only on a short-term basis.Once its recovery began in June 2002, Argentina became a paradise for business. Unemployment of over 20% kept wages down, and the devaluation gave exporters an edge on foreign competitors. The ample productive capacity left idle by the crisis meant firms could expand without making big investments. And the windfall profits reaped by agricultural exporters, thanks to record commodities prices, enabled many of them to finance new projects out of earnings. Hence the economy could grow at almost 9% a year with little need for credit.But such a fortuitous confluence of factors could not last. Starting in early 2005, inflation picked up, a sign that the installed capacity was starling to limit output. Salaries and prices for raw materials increased sharply, cutting into profits. And farmers were particularly hard hit when the government nearly doubled the taxes it leaves on farm exports. Now, just as companies need to embark on big investments if they are to keep growing, their margins are no longer big enough to pay for the expansion and they need to borrow.So, the time is ripe for the country’s financial system to recover. But a number of things are in the way. Foremost is Argentina’s business risk. Those in the informal economy (which represents over 40% of GDP) can neither save nor borrow legally, lest they become known to tie taxmen. The rest remain cowed by memories of the crisis. Although Argentines have poured their savings into property, fuelling a construction boom, they still hold about four-fifths of their deposits abroad.Inflation, fuelled by a public-spending binge, stale-mandated wage increases, and a cheap currency, is not helping either. No one knows how high it is. The consumer price index is doctored to keep the official rate Below 10%, but private estimates suggest it is near 25%. Without a reliable index of inflation, lending is all but impossible, even for the medium term. And the central bank has kept interest rates strongly negative in real terms, encouraging workers to spend their wages rather than to save.

1.What can we infer from the first paragraph?2.Argentina’s economy started its recovery in 2002. According to the text, which of the following is NOT the reason?3.According to the author, Argentina’s financial recovery has been hindered because____.4.There is no dependable index of inflation, because____5.What is the main idea of the text?

問題1

A、America’s subprime-mortgage crisis has greatly influenced Latin America.

B、Latin America is suffering a financial disaster.

C、At the beginning of this century Argentina has suffered a financial crisis.

D、Argentina’s economy grows faster than any other countries economics.

問題2

A、Low wages.

B、Low value of currency.

C、Low unemployment.

D、Low commodities prices of exports.

問題3

A、the banks cannot offer enough financial help

B、companies never pay the tax

C、they do not have enough foreign investment

D、companies’ increased caution for the crisis

問題4

A、the value of the currency is low.

B、there are different ways to get the index.

C、the index have been manipulated by the government.

D、the central bank has kept rates low.

問題5

A、Credit does not play a role in economy.

B、Banking sector and capital markets sometimes are not so essential in economy.

C、Argentina’s economy is the best one in Latin America.

D、Argentina is a paradise for business.

5、When older people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But more and more studies suggest that this assumption is often wrong. Instead, the research finds, the aging brain is simply taking in more data and trying to sift through a clutter of information, often to its long-term benefit. The studies are analyzed in a new edition of a neurology book, “Progress in Brain Research.”Some brains do deteriorate with age. Alzheimer’s disease, for example, strikes 13 percent of Americans 65 and older. But for most aging adults, the authors say, much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latch onto just one fact, like a name or a telephone number. Although that can be frustrating, it is often useful. “It may be that distractibility is not, in fact, a bad thing,” said Shelley H. Carson, a psychology researcher at Harvard whose work was cited in the book. “It may increase the amount of information available to the conscious mind.”For example, in studies where subjects are asked to read passages that are interrupted with unexpected words or phrases, adults 60 and older work much more slowly than college students. Although the students plow through the texts at a consistent speed regardless of what the out-of-place words mean, older people slow down even more when the words are related to the topic at hand. That indicates that they are not just stumbling over the extra information, but are taking it in and processing it. When both groups were later asked questions for which the out-of-place words might be answers, the older adults responded much better than the students.“For the young people, it’s as if the distraction never happened.” said an author of the review, Lynn Hasher, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute. “But for older adults, because they’ve retained all this extra data, they’re now suddenly the better problem solvers. They can transfer the information they’ve soaked up from one situation to another.”In the real world, such tendencies can yield big advantages, where it is not always clear what information is important, or will become important. A seemingly irrelevant point or suggestion in a memo can take on new meaning if the original plan changes. Or extra details that stole your attention, like others’ yawning and fidgeting, may help you assess the speaker’s real impact.

1.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that____2.Older adults tend to be forgetful because of____3.The studies mentioned in paragraph 3 show that____4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?5.The text intends to tell us that____

問題1

A、aging brains tend to process more information simultaneously.

B、one will become forgetful when he gets old.

C、older people don’t think their brainpower is falling.

D、the aged always stress long-term benefit.

問題2

A、their wide information.

B、the harm of Alzheimer’s disease.

C、their broader range of attention.

D、their frustration from limited attention.

問題3

A、out-of-place words are never negligible.