考研201英語(yǔ)（一）模擬題及詳解

本文提供考研201英語(yǔ)（一）模擬題及詳解，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、The Earth’s daily clock, measured in a single revolution, is twenty-four hours. The human clock, 1, is actually about twenty-five hours. That’s 2 scientists who study sleep have determined from human subjects who live for several weeks in observation chambers with no 3 of day or night. Sleep researchers have 4 other surprising discoveries as well.We spend about one-third of our lives asleep, a fact that suggests sleeping. 5 eating and breathing, is fundamental life process. Yet some people almost never sleep, getting by on as 6 as fifteen minutes a day. And more than seventy years of 7 into sleep deprivation, in which people have been kept 8 for three to ten days, has yielded only one certain findings: Sleep loss makes a person sleepy and that’s about all; it causes no lasting ill 9. Too much sleep, however, may be 10 for you.These findings 11 some long-held views of sleep, and they raise questions about its fundamental purpose in our lives. In 12, scientists don’t know just why sleep is necessary.“We get sleepy, and when we sleep, that sleepiness is reversed,” Dr. Howard Roffwarg of the University of Texas in Dallas explains. “We know sleep has a function, 13 we feel it has a function. We can’t put our finger on it, but it must, 14 in some way, direct or indirect, have to do with rest and restitution.”O(jiān)ther scientists think sleep is more the result of evolutionary habit than 15 actual need. Animals sleep for some parts of the day perhaps because it is the 16 thing for them to do: it keeps them 17 and hidden from predators; it’s a survival tactic. Before the advent of electricity, humans had to spend at least some of each day in 18 and had little reason to question the reason or need for 19 But the development of the electroencephalograph and the resulting discovery in 1937 of dramatic 20 in brain activity between sleep and wakefulness opened the way for scientific inquiry in the subject.

問(wèn)題1

A、however

B、furthermore

C、likewise

D、therefore

問(wèn)題2

A、the

B、what

C、because

D、many

問(wèn)題3

A、idea

B、feeling

C、sense

D、judgment

問(wèn)題4

A、come up against

B、come down to

C、come up with

D、come up to

問(wèn)題5

A、with

B、like

C、unlike

D、as

問(wèn)題6

A、little

B、much

C、few

D、long

問(wèn)題7

A、probe

B、investigation

C、research

D、examination

問(wèn)題8

A、asleep

B、sleepy

C、active

D、awake

問(wèn)題9

A、effects

B、affections

C、affects

D、impacts

問(wèn)題10

A、useful

B、good

C、bad

D、harmful

問(wèn)題11

A、challenge

B、deny

C、doubt

D、dispute

問(wèn)題12

A、addition

B、fact

C、line

D、short

問(wèn)題13

A、if

B、because

C、like

D、provided

問(wèn)題14

A、at least

B、at most

C、at best

D、at worst

問(wèn)題15

A、from

B、an

C、the

D、of

問(wèn)題16

A、worst

B、best

C、only

D、natural

問(wèn)題17

A、comfortable

B、calm

C、quiet

D、excited

問(wèn)題18

A、coldness

B、warmth

C、darkness

D、shade

問(wèn)題19

A、sleep

B、work

C、food

D、clothes

問(wèn)題20

A、differences

B、similarities

C、resemblance

D、opposites

2、Will a robot snatch away your job? Or will you learn to love intelligent machines as co?workers? In today’s quickly evolving workplace a little of either may be true.Robots were once seen as workers that would free humans from the “three D” jobs: dull, dirty, and dangerous. Unskilled laborers would have their jobs handed to machines that never needed to take a day off, a vacation, or even a coffee break.That’s still a concern. But humans have also proved resilient, possessing a wide array of fine motor skills that have proved difficult to reproduce in machines. While robots might operate using one sensor, perhaps a kind of vision, humans can tap five senses to assess a situation, as well as a complex set of memories and experiences. When robots can catch up is anyone’s guess.Still, more and more robots are scurrying around places like gigantic Amazon distribution centers, where they deliver packages to channels matched to the right delivery ZIP code. Their paths as they roll about the warehouse floor are based on complex algorithms that maximize efficiency. But for now, humans are still needed to pack the actual boxes, which might contain several items of different sizes, shapes, weights, and fragility. That’s a packing choice that still stumps a robot, but is easily handled by a human.As artificial intelligence advances, robots will move into higher-skilled jobs that seem especially human. This spring, for example, minor league baseball is experimenting with a “robo-umpire” called TrackMan that calls balls and strikes behind home plate. No more fans yelling at a human ump “Get a pair of glasses!” Journalists have fancied themselves pretty safe from robo-job stealing. But RADAR, a robot news writer in Britain, researches and writes stories based on templates created by humans, producing about 8,000 local news stories a month. Humans are still needed to double-check the work, just as editors do with human journalists today.Observers worry that the historically low 3.6% jobless rate in the United States is temporarily masking this robot revolution shocking the workplace. In April, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development estimated 14% of the jobs in its 36 member nations are at “high risk” of being eliminated by automation, while another 32% will undergo major changes in how they are done. Millions of workers young and old will need to learn new skills to keep their jobs or qualify for new ones. How to prepare to work alongside robots and other manifestations of artificial intelligence is a challenge that individuals, educators, employers, and governments are going to be facing at an ever-quickening pace.

1.What does the author mean by saying “That’s still a concern” (Line 1, Paragraph 3)?2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?3.The author quotes the example of TrackMan and RADAR to show that_____.4.The author’s attitude towards working together with robots is_____.5.Which of the following is the text mainly about?

問(wèn)題1

A、It is uncertain whether robots will snatch away human’s works.

B、Robots were able to replace human in the nontechnical jobs.

C、Fine operating skills possessed by humans were irreproducible.

D、Intelligent machines would work together with humans.

問(wèn)題2

A、Robots still need the help of human in some jobs.

B、Humans still play a dominant role in the workplace.

C、There is no difficulty for robots to work independently.

D、Robots can take the place of human in the future.

問(wèn)題3

A、humans should learn new skills to avoid being replaced

B、artificial intelligence has experienced rapid development

C、robots will engage in those jobs requiring advanced skills

D、it is possible for humans to face the threat of losing jobs soon

問(wèn)題4

A、appreciative

B、ambiguous

C、concerned

D、objective

問(wèn)題5

A、The development of artificial intelligence.

B、The impact of robot revolution on human’s jobs.

C、The challenges faced by humans in the workplace.

D、What kinds of jobs robots will do in the future.

3、A Downing Street review into modern employment is to call on the government to improve the quality of work for millions of people earning the minimum wage after it found too many are stuck with few prospects and falling job satisfaction.A 10-month review commissioned by the prime minister has identified a productivity crisis among the lowest paid workers, particularly in sectors such as retail, care work and hospitality, and will urge the government to give the low Pay Commission a new role to boost job satisfaction.Matthew Taylor, a former adviser to Tony Blair, is expected to say next week that the government needs to widen the focus of its industrial strategy to tackle falling productivity among the low paid—not least because many work in the public sector—as well as its current priority of high value, high tech export industries. Taylor’s report is expected to say “the ambition we should have is that all work is fair and decent and with scope for fulfillment and development”.The low Pay Commission sets the national living wage. There are predictions that 15% of the British workforce will be earning up to or at that level by 2020, up from 2% in 2000. In three years a quarter of workers in wholesale, retail, agriculture and fishing will be earning at the wage floor, according to the Resolution Foundation.The review was ordered by Theresa May following revelations about low pay and the lack of basic employment rights endured by many workers in sectors including parcel delivery, minicab driving and warehouse work.The Guardian exposed poor pay and conditions for workers in gig economy companies including courier firm Hermes and how Sports Direct in effect paid agency workers at its Shirebrook warehouse in Derbyshire less than the minimum wage.In her first speech as prime minister, May addressed people who “have a job, but... don’t always have job security”, those who are “just managing” and said: “The government I lead will be driven not by the interests of the privileged few, but by yours.”The Taylor review is seen as one of her most concrete attempts to deliver on that. It is expected to suggest the government develop a set of measures to assess the quality of low paid work across different sectors, taking into account issues such as access to training and job satisfaction.Research in April for the RSA, of which Taylor is chief executive, found three out of four people think more should be done to improve the quality of work. It said 13.5 million people are living in poverty in Britain and 55% are in working households.

1.What does not contribute to the call for improvement according to Paragraph 1?2.Downing Street review is so called because it is____. 3.According to the text, who are not the subjects covered in the review?4.In which walk of life is gig economy pervasive according to the text?5.Which of the following maybe the best title for the text?

問(wèn)題1

A、Low job satisfaction.

B、Poor payment for work.

C、Modern job market.

D、Bleak future for work.

問(wèn)題2

A、carried out in Downing Street

B、commanded by British Prime Minister

C、conducted by chief executive of RSA

D、a lengthy research like Downing Street

問(wèn)題3

A、The low-paid employees.

B、The minimum-wage earners.

C、The people in poverty.

D、The rich royal family.

問(wèn)題4

A、In non-government organizations.

B、In government departments.

C、In express companies.

D、In business companies.

問(wèn)題5

A、Low-paid Workers Need Better Prospects, May Told

B、Government Need to Take Immediate Actions

C、Low Pay Commission Tries to Call for Improvement

D、All Work Is Fair and Decent, Matthew Taylor Said

4、A small group of Internet security specialists gathered in Singapore to start up a Global system to make e-mail and e-commerce more secure, end the rapid growth of passwords and raise the bar significantly for Internet fraud, spies and troublemakers.The Singapore event included an elaborate technical ceremony to create and then securely store numerical keys that will be kept in three hardened data centers there, in Zurich and in San Jose, Calif. The keys and data centers are working parts of a technology known as Secure DNS, or DNSSEC. DNS refers to the Domain Name System, which is a directory that connects names to numerical Internet addresses. Preliminary work on the security system had been going on for more than a year, but this was the first time the system went into operation, even though it is not quite complete.The three centers are fortresses made up of five layers of physical, electronic and cryptographic security, making it virtually impossible to damage the system. Four layers are active now. The fifth, a physical barrier, is being built inside the data center.The technology is viewed by many computer security specialists as a ray of hope amid the recent cascade of data thefts, attacks, disruptions and scandals, including break-ins at Citibank, Sony, Lockheed Martin, RSA Security and elsewhere. It allows users to communicate via the Internet with high confidence that the identity of the person or organization they are communicating with is not being tricked or forged.Internet engineers like Dan Kaminsky, an independent network security researcher who is one of the engineers involved in the project, want to counteract three major deficiencies in today’s Internet. There is no mechanism for ensuring trust, the quality of software is uneven, and it is difficult to track down bad actors.One reason for these flaws is that from the 1960s through the 1980s the engineers who designed the network’s underlying technology were concerned about reliable, rather than secure, communications. That is starting to change with the introduction of Secure DNS by governments and other organizations.The event in Singapore capped a process that began more than a year ago and is expected to be complete after 300 so-called top-level domains have been digitally signed. Before the Singapore event, 70 countries had adopted the technology, and 14 more were added as part of the event. While large countries are generally doing the technical work to include their own domains in the system, the association of Internet security specialists is helping smaller countries and organizations with the process.

1.It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that the Singapore event intended to____.2.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that___.3.The word “counteract”(Line 2, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to___.4.Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?5.What would be the best title for the text?

問(wèn)題1

A、complete three data centers

B、put an end to Internet fraud

C、launch the Global system Secure DNS

D、connect domain names to Web addresses

問(wèn)題2

A、the Secure DNS has protected lots of companies from data thefts

B、experts see Secure DNS as a promising technology

C、companies like Sony are undergoing an Internet security crisis

D、communicating via the Internet makes people more confident

問(wèn)題3

A、eliminate

B、hide

C、assess

D、substitute

問(wèn)題4

A、Secure DNS will be completed soon.

B、Internet engineers prefer to wait and see how things go.

C、Domains of more countries will be included in Secure DNS.

D、More countries are supposed to invest in Secure DNS.

問(wèn)題5

A、The Network Security Condition Is Worrying

B、Secure DNS Has Grown Mature Nowadays

C、Secure DNS Will Become a Popular technology

D、A Stronger Net Security System Is Under Way

5、Picture-taking is a technique which can both reflect the objective world and express the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament, discovering itself through the camera’s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two directly opposite ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.These conflicting ideals arise from uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attractive because it implicitly denies that picture?taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography’s means. Whatever are the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression just like painting, its originality is closely linked to the power of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs? like Harold Edgerton’s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limit imposed by pre-modern camera technology because a cruder, less high powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and Cartier Bresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing”. Cartier Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast.This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future (of faster and faster seeing) alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past when images had a handmade quality. This longing for some primitive state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness.

1.The two directly opposite ideals of photography differ primarily in the___.2.According to paragraph 2, the interest among photographers in each of the photography’s two ideals can be described as___3.The text states all of the following about photographs EXCEPT___4.The author mentions the work of Harold Edgerton to provide an example of___5.The author is primarily concerned with___

問(wèn)題1

A、degree of technical knowledge that each requires of the photographer.

B、emphasis that each places on the emotional impact of the finished product.

C、way in which each defines the role of the photographer.

D、extent of the power that each requires of the photographer’s equipment.

問(wèn)題2

A、steadily growing.

B、cyclically recurring.

C、continuously altering.

D、spontaneously occurring.

問(wèn)題3

A、They can display a cropped reality.

B、They can change the viewer’s sensibilities.

C、They can depict the photographer’s temperament.

D、They can convey information.

問(wèn)題4

A、the relationship between photographic originality and Technology.

B、how cameras have changed from the nineteenth century to the twentieth.

C、the popularity of high-speed photography in the twentieth century.

D、how a controlled ambivalence toward photography’s means can produce outstanding pictures.

問(wèn)題5

A、establishing new technical standards for contemporary photography.

B、describing how photographers’ individual temperaments are reflected in their work.

C、analyzing the effects of photographic ideals on picture-taking.

D、explaining how the technical limitations affect photographers’ work.

1、試題答案：第1題:A;第2題:B;第3題:C;第4題:C;第5題:B;第6題:A;第7題:C;第8題:D;第9題:A;第10題:C;第11題:A;第12題:B;第13題:B;第14題:A;第15題:D;第16題:B;第17題:C;第18題:C;第19題:A;第20題:A;

試題解析：

1.A
【解析】本題考查邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文的意思以及提示詞actually，以判斷出本句與上句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。所以，正確答案是A。
2.B
【解析】本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。句子的謂語(yǔ)是is，空格處缺的必然是一個(gè)連詞或關(guān)系詞。what是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；because是連詞，表示原因。根據(jù)前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，正確選項(xiàng)是B。在本句中，what引導(dǎo)的這個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句比較復(fù)雜。who study sleep是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾主語(yǔ)scientists ；定語(yǔ)從句who live for several weeks...day or night 修飾先行詞 human subjects。
3.C
【解析】本題考查上下文推理。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中可以和with no of搭配的只有idea和sense。idea意為“念頭，想法，主意”；sense意為“由刺激產(chǎn)生的感覺(jué)或知覺(jué)”。根據(jù)上下文，符合句意的是C。句意是：“接受試驗(yàn)的人在觀察室里住幾個(gè)星期，感覺(jué)不到白天和黑夜。”
4.C
【解析】本題考查短語(yǔ)辨析。come up against意為“突然或意外碰到困難或反對(duì)等”；come down to意為“歸結(jié)為”；come up with意為“提出，拿出，發(fā)現(xiàn)”；come up to意為“比得上，達(dá)到”。C符合句意，故為正確答案。句意是：“睡眠研究者們還提出了其他令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)。”
5.B
【解析】本題考查介詞用法。空格處的介詞體現(xiàn)的是sleeping和eating and breathing的關(guān)系。從上下文得知“睡眠是最重要的生命過(guò)程”。根據(jù)我們的常識(shí)，吃飯、呼吸和睡眠一樣重要。
6.A
【解析】本題考查上下文推理。根據(jù)前文的提示almost never sleep.我們可直接選出正確答案A。句意是：然而一些人幾乎從來(lái)不睡覺(jué)，一天只睡15分鐘就可以了
7.C
【的析】本題考查近義詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以和into搭配，都含“調(diào)查，研究，探索”的意思。probe是新聞?dòng)谜Z(yǔ)，指廣泛而徹底的調(diào)查；investigation指詳盡的調(diào)查；以弄清事實(shí)真相；research指科學(xué)家為了發(fā)現(xiàn)新的事實(shí)從原始資料開(kāi)始進(jìn)行的調(diào)查或研究；examination強(qiáng)調(diào)詳細(xì)觀察或檢驗(yàn)?zāi)呈乱郧罅私馄湔鎸?shí)情況。據(jù)此C符合句意。
8.D
【解析】本題考查上下文推理。根據(jù)上文sleep deprivation和下文sleep loss的提示，可知正確答案為D。
9.A
【解析】本題考查習(xí)慣搭配?？崭袼诰涞囊馑际牵骸霸谄呤嗄陮?duì)睡眠喪失的研究中，讓人們不睡覺(jué)，時(shí)間是從三天到十天，得出了一個(gè)肯定的結(jié)果：睡眠損失讓人犯困，僅此而已；沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)期的副作用或負(fù)面影響?！眎ll effects是習(xí)慣搭配，意為“副作用，負(fù)面影響”。
10.C
【解析】本題考查上下文推理。根據(jù)上下文和常識(shí)，可以首先排除useful和good，bad后面跟名詞或代詞時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的搭配是to be bad for sb./sth. ；harmful后面跟名詞或代詞時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的搭配是to be harmful to sb./sth.。所以，正確答案是C。
11.A
【解析】本題考查上下文推理。challenge意為“質(zhì)詢（某人某事的合法性、正確性）”；deny意為“否認(rèn)；否定；拒絕相信”；doubt意為“懷疑，拿不準(zhǔn)”；dispute意為“爭(zhēng)論，辯論；駁斥”。根據(jù)上下文的意思.正確答案是A。
12.B
【解析】本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。in與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)。in addition意為“又，另外”，表示遞進(jìn)；in fact意為“事實(shí)是，事實(shí)上”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折；in line意為“成一直線，成一排”；in short意為“總之”，表示總結(jié)。根據(jù)上下文的意思，正確答案是B。
13.B
【解析】本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處要求弄清“我們知道睡眠的職能”和“我們感覺(jué)到了睡眠的作用”的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文的意思，正確答案是B。
14.A
【解析】本題考查上下文推理。at least意為“至少”；at most意為“最多”；at best意為“充其量，至多”；at worst 意為“在最壞/最不利的情況下”。根據(jù)常識(shí)和上下文，我們知道睡眠和休息復(fù)原是有關(guān)系的。所以，首先排除 B和C。這里討論的是睡眠與休息復(fù)原的關(guān)系，不存在什么最壞最好情況的假設(shè)，所以D也排除。正確答案是A。句意是：“雖然我們不能準(zhǔn)確地指出睡眠的功用，但它肯定至少在某些方面，與休息和復(fù)原有者直接或間接的關(guān)系?！?br/>15.D
【解析】本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。than前后的結(jié)構(gòu)必然是平行對(duì)稱的。所以可以很容易地補(bǔ)全了空格前省略掉的詞，即：the result，當(dāng)然也很容易地選出正確答案D。句意是：“其他一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，與其說(shuō)睡眠是進(jìn)化習(xí)慣的結(jié)果，倒不如說(shuō)是實(shí)際需要的結(jié)果?！?br/>16.B
【解析】本題考查上下文推理。根據(jù)下文“睡覺(jué)使它們__，躲開(kāi)食肉動(dòng)物”，我們可選出正確答案B。相關(guān)部分的意思是：“動(dòng)物在一天中的某些時(shí)候睡覺(jué)，可能是因?yàn)樗X(jué)對(duì)于它們來(lái)說(shuō)是最好的事，……”
17.C
【解析】本題考查上下文推理。首先可以排除excited（興奮的），因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)上下文和常識(shí).睡眠不可能使動(dòng)物興奮、激動(dòng)。根據(jù)下文提示hidden from predators（躲開(kāi)食肉動(dòng)物），it’s a survival tactic（這是一條生存策略），可以推斷正確答案是C。
18.C
【解析】本題考查上下文推理，根據(jù)上文“在發(fā)明電以前”和常識(shí).可以直接選出正確答案C。相關(guān)部分的意思是：“在發(fā)明電以前，人們至少在每天的某些時(shí)候不得不生活在黑暗中?！?br/>19.A
【解析】本題考查上下文推理句意是：“在發(fā)現(xiàn)電以前，人們至少在每天的某些時(shí)候不得不生活在黑暗中，所以人們沒(méi)什么理由去質(zhì)疑__的原因和需要。”根據(jù)上下文和常識(shí)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中最符合句意的是A。
20.A
【解析】本題考查上下文推理。句意是：“但是，腦電圖儀的發(fā)展，以及人們1937的發(fā)現(xiàn)——大腦活動(dòng)在睡眠狀態(tài)和清醒狀態(tài)下存在著巨大的__，——為睡眠這一課題的科學(xué)研究開(kāi)辟了道路?！备鶕?jù)上下文，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中最符合句意的是A。

2、試題答案：第1題:B;第2題:A;第3題:C;第4題:C;第5題:B;

試題解析：

1.B
【解析】題目問(wèn)的是作者提到的“這仍然是（人類）關(guān)心的問(wèn)題”（第三段，第一行）是什么意思。that一般用于承接上文，指代上文內(nèi)容，故可定位至前文第二段。第二段第一句指出機(jī)器人曾被視為可以使人類擺脫枯燥、骯臟和危險(xiǎn)這三類工作的勞動(dòng)者，第二句指出非技術(shù)性的工作可以交給不需要休息的機(jī)器人。選項(xiàng)B“機(jī)器人能夠替代人類從事非技術(shù)性工作”符合第二段的意思，且replace human in...jobs是原文free human from...job的同義替換，nontechnical是原文unskilled的同義替換，故為正確答案。
2.A
【解析】本題問(wèn)的是我們可以從第四段中得知什么。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第四段，該段第一句指出越來(lái)越多的機(jī)器人在大型配送中心忙碌，運(yùn)送包裹；第三句指出，但如今，由于物品的大小、形狀、重量和易碎性，仍然需要人類來(lái)打包實(shí)體箱子；最后一句指出，這種選擇包裝仍然是機(jī)器難以解決的，但人類處理起來(lái)卻很容易。由此可見(jiàn)，有些性質(zhì)的工作機(jī)器人不能獨(dú)立完成，仍需要人類的幫助。選項(xiàng)A“在一些工作中機(jī)器人仍然需要人類的幫助”符合第四段第三句和第四句的表述，故為正確答案。
3.C
【解析】題目問(wèn)的是作者引用TrackMan和RADAR的例子旨在說(shuō)明什么。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞TrackMan和RADAR可定位到文章第五段。本段首句指出，隨著人工智能的發(fā)展，機(jī)器人將會(huì)從事那些看起來(lái)是人類專屬的高技能工作。接下來(lái)列舉了美國(guó)職業(yè)棒球小聯(lián)盟正在試驗(yàn)的機(jī)器人裁判TrackMan和英國(guó)機(jī)器人新聞作家RADAR的例子，說(shuō)明機(jī)器人已開(kāi)始從事一些人類專屬的高技能工作。因此TrackMan和RADAR這兩個(gè)例子是對(duì)首句觀點(diǎn)“隨著人工智能的發(fā)展，機(jī)器人將會(huì)從事那些看起來(lái)是人類專屬的高技能工作”的例證，故答案為選項(xiàng)C“機(jī)器人將會(huì)從事那些需要高級(jí)技能的工作”。
4.C
【解析】題目問(wèn)的是作者關(guān)于與機(jī)器人一起工作的態(tài)度是怎樣的。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 working together with robots可定位至文章最后一段最后一句。該句提到，如何應(yīng)對(duì)與機(jī)器人和其他人工智能產(chǎn)物一起工作的問(wèn)題，是個(gè)人、教育工作者、雇主和政府很快將面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。由此可見(jiàn)，作者對(duì)于未來(lái)與機(jī)器人和人工智能產(chǎn)物一起工作是關(guān)心的、擔(dān)憂的，故選項(xiàng)C concerned（關(guān)心的；擔(dān)憂的）為正確答案。
5.B
【解析】題目問(wèn)的是本文主要討論了哪些內(nèi)容。由題干關(guān)鍵信息the text mainly about可知，本題為主旨要義題，考查對(duì)整篇文章主旨大意的理解和概括。文章第一段引出話題，在未來(lái)職場(chǎng)中，機(jī)器人可能替代人類的工作或成為人類的同事與人類一起工作；第二段指出，機(jī)器人曾被認(rèn)為可以替代人類做一些非技術(shù)性的工作，且不需要休息的機(jī)器；第三段到第四段指出，對(duì)于一些精細(xì)的操作技能，機(jī)器人暫時(shí)還無(wú)法復(fù)制，無(wú)法趕上人類；第五段列舉了新試驗(yàn)的機(jī)器人裁判和英國(guó)機(jī)器人新聞作家，說(shuō)明隨著人工智能的發(fā)展，機(jī)器人會(huì)從事一些看起來(lái)是人類專屬的高技能工作。第六段指出如何應(yīng)對(duì)與機(jī)器人和其他形式的人工智能一起工作，是我們即將面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。由此可見(jiàn)，本文主要討論了機(jī)器人等人工智能的發(fā)展對(duì)人類工作的影響，選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

3、試題答案：第1題:C;第2題:B;第3題:D;第4題:C;第5題:A;

試題解析：

1.C
【解析】題目問(wèn)的是，根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容，哪項(xiàng)對(duì)促成改善（工作質(zhì)量）的呼吁沒(méi)有幫助。第一段指出，唐寧街對(duì)現(xiàn)代就業(yè)狀況的一份評(píng)估報(bào)告呼吁政府提高數(shù)百萬(wàn)最低工資領(lǐng)取者的工作質(zhì)量，此前該報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，有太多的人前途渺茫，工作滿意度不斷下降。C項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代就業(yè)市場(chǎng)”在原文中沒(méi)有提到，是正確答案。
2.B
【解析】題目問(wèn)之所以叫唐寧街評(píng)估，是因?yàn)樗黖。第二段第一句指出，英國(guó)首相委托進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)為期10個(gè)月的評(píng)估發(fā)現(xiàn)，薪資最低的員工中存在生產(chǎn)率危機(jī)。第五段指出，特蕾莎?梅下令進(jìn)行此次評(píng)估。因此，B項(xiàng)“由英國(guó)首相指派”符合原文說(shuō)法，是正確答案。
3.D
【解析】題目問(wèn)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，下面哪些人不是調(diào)查評(píng)估對(duì)象。根據(jù)文章各段內(nèi)容，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)調(diào)查評(píng)估對(duì)象包括零售、農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)領(lǐng)域、包裹遞送、微型出租車和倉(cāng)庫(kù)工作的工人，以及領(lǐng)取最低工資的人等。所以正確答案應(yīng)該是D項(xiàng)“富有的皇室貴族”。
4.C
【解析】題目問(wèn)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，下面哪個(gè)行業(yè)零工經(jīng)濟(jì)非常盛行。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞gig economy定位到第六段，……零工經(jīng)濟(jì)公司……員工的低工資……以及動(dòng)向體育公司（英國(guó)最大的體育零售商）是如何付給……代理員工實(shí)際上低于最低工資的薪酬的。因此零工經(jīng)濟(jì)在快遞公司中盛行。故C項(xiàng)是正確答案。
5.A
【解析】題目問(wèn)的是，下面哪個(gè)可能是文章最好的標(biāo)題。文章重點(diǎn)討論了英國(guó)首相特蕾莎?梅要求進(jìn)行的調(diào)查評(píng)估報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，低收入人群的生產(chǎn)率、工作滿意度以及工作條件等均在下降。許多行業(yè)包括包裹遞送、微型出租車和倉(cāng)庫(kù)工作的工人工資低，缺乏基本的就業(yè)權(quán)利。最后指出政府將制定一套措施，評(píng)估不同部門的低薪工作的質(zhì)量、培訓(xùn)機(jī)會(huì)和工作滿意度等問(wèn)題，提高低收入人群的生產(chǎn)率和工作質(zhì)量。所以，A項(xiàng)“梅說(shuō)，低薪員工需要更好的前景”是文章的最佳標(biāo)題。

4、試題答案：第1題:C;第2題:B;第3題:A;第4題:C;第5題:D;

試題解析：

1.C
【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraphs 1 and 2定位至文章第一、二段。文章首段指出，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全專家齊聚新加坡的目的是啟動(dòng)一個(gè)新的全球性網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全系統(tǒng)（start up a Global system）。第二段介紹了此次新加坡會(huì)議包含一個(gè)創(chuàng)建密碼并將其儲(chǔ)存在三個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中心的技術(shù)儀式（The Singapore event included an elaborate technical ceremony to create and then securely store numerical keys...），而密碼和數(shù)據(jù)中心都是Secure DNS技術(shù)的一部分（The keys and data centers are working parts of a technology known as Secure DNS, or DNSSEC），由此可知，首段提到的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全系統(tǒng)，即第二段中提及的Secure DNS，故選項(xiàng)C與原文內(nèi)容相符，為答案。
2.B
【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph 4可定位至文章第四段。該段首句提到，在近來(lái)各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)破壞事件頻繁發(fā)生的情況下，許多電腦安全專家都將這一技術(shù)視為一線希望（The technology is viewed by many computer security specialists as a ray of hope），“這一技術(shù)”便是指文中第二段提到的Secure DNS。接著本段第二句指出Secure DNS這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的功用：它可以確保在網(wǎng)上交流或交易的人或組織的身份不存在虛假和偽造的情況（...high confidence that the identity...is not being tricked or forged）。選項(xiàng)B“專家將 Secure DNS視為一項(xiàng)有希望的技術(shù)”符合文意，故為答案。
3.A
【解析】counteract一詞位于第五段首句。該句主干部分意為“網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程師們想要_互聯(lián)網(wǎng)目前存在的三個(gè)主要缺陷”，之后的第二句具體指出了這三個(gè)缺陷。從語(yǔ)意上看，此處應(yīng)是指出工程師們的意愿，即建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全系統(tǒng)的目的，那么工程師研發(fā)安全系統(tǒng)的目的應(yīng)該在于“消除”這些缺陷。所以counteract應(yīng)該意為“抵制；消除”，選項(xiàng)A eliminate（消除；消滅）與其含義最為接近，為正確選項(xiàng)。
4.C
【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the last paragraph定位至最后一段。該段第二、三句介紹了Secure DNS技術(shù)的使用和推廣情況。第二句指出，在新加坡會(huì)議之前已經(jīng)有70個(gè)國(guó)家采用了Secure DNS 技術(shù)（70 countries had adopted the technology），此次會(huì)議上又有14個(gè)國(guó)家加入進(jìn)來(lái)（14 more were added as part of the event）。接著第三句指出“大國(guó)普遍在進(jìn)行將其域名加入該系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)工作，而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全專家小組正在幫助較小的國(guó)家和機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)工作”，由此可以判斷，更多國(guó)家的域名將會(huì)被加入到Secure DNS系統(tǒng)中來(lái)。選項(xiàng)C表述的內(nèi)容與原文吻合，故為正確選項(xiàng)。
5.D
【解析】本題要求選擇文章的最佳標(biāo)題，故需對(duì)各段大意進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括。本文開(kāi)宗明義，直入主題：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全專家啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)全球性的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全系統(tǒng)，以確保電子郵件和電子商務(wù)更為安全，避免密碼數(shù)量不斷增加，極大地阻止互聯(lián)網(wǎng)欺詐、間諜活動(dòng)和搗亂分子。第二、三段對(duì)這個(gè)新的安全系統(tǒng)——Secure DNS的技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。第四至六段說(shuō)明了Secure DNS系統(tǒng)要解決的問(wèn)題、現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)的缺陷以及造成這些缺陷的原因。末段介紹了Secure DNS系統(tǒng)的使用狀況。綜上所述，全文討論的中心是“新的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全系統(tǒng)Secure DNS”，從其技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)、功能作用以及使用狀況等方面展開(kāi)，故四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，最切合文意的是選項(xiàng)D。

5、試題答案：第1題:C;第2題:B;第3題:B;第4題:A;第5題:C;

試題解析：

1.C
【解析】本題答案信息來(lái)源在第一段的尾句，其大意是：關(guān)于攝影有兩個(gè)直接對(duì)立的觀念：第一種觀念認(rèn)為，攝影是反映世界的，而攝影師只是一個(gè)無(wú)足輕重的觀察者；但第二種觀念則主張，攝影是一種探究主觀世界的無(wú)畏的工具，攝影師決定一切。由此可見(jiàn)，兩種觀念的主要區(qū)別就在于對(duì)攝影師所起作用的定義不同。故選C。
2.B
【解析】本題是一道細(xì)節(jié)理解題。其答案信息來(lái)源于第2段最后一句，大意為：攝影者所做的事不能簡(jiǎn)單地定性為掠奪式的，也不能簡(jiǎn)單地定義為實(shí)質(zhì)上是友好的行善行為。因此，有關(guān)照相的這一觀念或者那一觀念總是被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)并得到支持。言外之意，攝影師有時(shí)對(duì)一種觀念感興趣，有時(shí)又對(duì)另一種觀念感興趣，即這種興趣是周期性反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的。
3.B
【解析】本題是一道細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。A項(xiàng)在第1段第2句中已經(jīng)談到：Photographs depict objective realities that already exist…C項(xiàng)在第1段第3句中已經(jīng)寫到：And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament…D項(xiàng)在第3段第3句中也已提及：The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness…只有B項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及，故應(yīng)該選B。
4.A
【解析】本題是一道邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。其答案信息來(lái)源在第3段第3句，其大意為：隨著照相機(jī)威力的不斷增大已有可能拍出許多信息非凡的、富有想象力的外觀漂亮的照片，如Harold Edgerton所拍攝的關(guān)于子彈擊中目標(biāo)或網(wǎng)球抽打時(shí)產(chǎn)生漩渦的快速照片。由此我們可以得出作者提到Harold Edgerton的作品是為了提供一個(gè)攝影藝術(shù)的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和技術(shù)發(fā)展之間關(guān)系的例子。故應(yīng)選A。
5.C
【解析】本文第1段提出對(duì)攝影術(shù)的兩種不同觀念。第2段分別闡述了這兩種觀念的由來(lái)及攝影師對(duì)這兩種觀念中任何一種的興趣是反復(fù)交替的。第3段指出，這兩種觀念共存的結(jié)果是經(jīng)常發(fā)生對(duì)攝影手段的不同看法。最后一段指出，這種對(duì)攝影手段的矛盾心理決定審美品位的發(fā)展趨向，綜上所述，本文作者主要分析了兩種攝影觀念對(duì)攝影術(shù)的影響。故應(yīng)選C。