2023年201英語（一）考研真題答案

本文提供2023年201英語（一）考研真題答案，以下為具體內容

1、Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically    1    outside the walls of a city or villageand were usually funded by governments or      2     .    This word "Caravanserais" is a     3     of the Persian word "karvan", which means a group of travellersor a caravan, and seray,a palace or enclosed building.ThePermcaravan wasused to      4     groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons,     5     merchants, travellers or pilgrims.    From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become more developed, the      6     of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellerson theSilkRoad     7     possibilityof beingattackedbythievesor being     8     toextreme conditions. For this reason, Caravanserais were strategically placed     9     they could be reached in a day's travel time.    Caravanserais served as an informal     10     point for the various people who travelled theSilk Road.     11     , those structures became important centers for culture     12     and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures, ideasandbeliefs,     13     talkingknowledgewiththem, greatly     14     the development of several civilizations.    Caravanserais were alsoan important marketplace for commoditiesand     15     inthe trade of goods along the Silk Road.     16     , it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and     17     supplies for their own journeys. It is     18     that around 120, 000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,     19     only about 3000 are known to remaintoday, many of which are in     20     .

問題1

A、displayed

B、occupied

C、located

D、equipped

問題2

A、privately

B、regularly

C、respectively

D、permanently

問題3

A、definition

B、transition

C、substitution

D、combination

問題4

A、classify

B、record

C、describe

D、connect

問題5

A、apart from

B、instead of

C、such as

D、along with

問題6

A、construction

B、restoration

C、impression

D、evaluation

問題7

A、doubted

B、faced

C、accepted

D、reduced

問題8

A、assigned

B、subjected

C、accustomed

D、opposed

問題9

A、so that

B、even if

C、now that

D、in case

問題10

A、talking

B、starting

C、breaking

D、meeting

問題11

A、By the way

B、On occasion

C、In comparison

D、As a result

問題12

A、heritage

B、revival

C、exchange

D、status

問題13

A、with regard to

B、in spite of

C、as well as

D、in line with

問題14

A、completing

B、influencing

C、resuming

D、pioneering

問題15

A、aided

B、invested

C、failed

D、competed

問題16

A、rather

B、indeed

C、otherwise

D、however

問題17

A、go in for

B、stand up for

C、close in on

D、stock up on

問題18

A、believed

B、predicted

C、recalled

D、implied

問題19

A、until

B、because

C、unless

D、although

問題20

A、ruins

B、debt

C、fashion

D、series

2、The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.    Pat Hardy, a conservative member of the board who sympathises with the views of theenergy sector, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures. “In the national standards, everything has to do with climate change — that’s very lopsided,” she claims. “There are as many scientists working against all the panic of global climate change as there are those who are pushing it. Texas is an energy state and we need to recognise that. You need to remember where your bread is buttered.”    Most scientists and independent experts sharply dispute her views. “What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship,” says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education. “They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.”Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.  A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere. Glenn Branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says.  Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages — such as earth and space sciences in high schools — it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.    Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21.In paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to22.What does Quinn think of Hardy?23.The study mentioned in Paragraph 524.According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US25.It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools

問題1

A、forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.

B、stress the consequences of climate change.

C、 indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting.

D、 draw the public's attention to energy shortages.

問題2

A、she exaggerates the existing panic.

B、she denies the value of scientific work.

C、she shows no concern for pre-teens.

D、she expresses self-contradictory views.

問題3

A、climate education is insufficient at state public schools.

B、policy makers have little drive for science education.

C、Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.

D、environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.

問題4

A、call for regular revision

B、require urgent application

C、have limited influence

D、cater to local needs

問題5

A、agree to major public demands

B、reflects teachers' personal bias

C、may mispresent the energy sector

D、can be swayed by external forces

3、Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there’s an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short- term rental market.    In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals. “We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,” said Nick Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns,“ employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,” Taylor said.    However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of a local association of realter. “A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,” Castle said, “and so it’s a cyclical effect.”Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Horn, an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston. “I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. If it’s their vacation home anyway, and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?” Horn said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities — de facto hotels — to bypass taxes and regulations. “I think the question is, shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising it asnot a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?” Horn said.    At the end of 2018, Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in those potential investor- buyers. “The bill requires every rental host to register with the state, mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy,” the Globe reported. Boston took things even further, limiting who is authorized to rent out their home, and requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.    Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns. The only way to solve the issue, however, is by creating more housing.“If we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more.”26.Which of the following is true of New England?27.The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to28.Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to support29.What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?30.Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is

問題1

A、Its housing supply is at a very low level.

B、Its communities are in need of funding.

C、Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.

D、Its home prices are under strict control.

問題2

A、curb short-term rental speculation.

B、ensure the supply of cheap housing.

C、punish illegal dealings in housing.

D、 allow a free short-term rental market.

問題3

A、further investment in local tourism.

B、 an increase in affordable housing.

C、strict management of real estate agents.

D、a favorable policy for short-term workers.

問題4

A、The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.

B、The efficient operation of the local housing market.

C、The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.

D、 The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.

問題5

A、an irrational decision.

B、an unfeasible proposal.

C、an unnecessary measure.

D、an inadequate solution.

4、If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President's Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House, a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.    The problem began late last year, when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level”. The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and windows, and were “quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”. PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me: “Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock. We do this generally by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops. In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers - as have customers, who might expect the new titles from the country’s biggest publisher to be prominently displayed by its biggest book retailer. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute. It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster - the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published. And one wonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in the way it has if it weren’t quite such a big company (it was formed with the merger of Penguin and Random House in 2013) and likely to get bigger. “This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels. Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers, publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,” says Lownie.“The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. After all, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31.the author mentions two books in the paragraph 1 to present32.Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?33.What message did the spokesman of Waterstones seem to convey?34.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?35.Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?

問題1

A、 an ongoing conflict

B、an intellectual concept

C、a prevailing sentiment

D、a literary phenomenon

問題2

A、To make them easily noticeable.

B、To comply with PRH's requirement.

C、To respond to PRH's business move.

D、 To arrange them in a systematic way.

問題3

A、their customers remain royal

B、 the credit limit will be removed

C、their stock is underestimated

D、the book market is rather slack

問題4

A、 Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably

B、 Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism

C、 Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author's books

D、 Waterstones branches sutter a severe reduction in revenue

問題5

A、 Small publishers ought to stick together

B、 Big publishers will lose their dominance

C、 The publishing industry is having a hard time

D、 The merger of publishers is a worrying trend

5、Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.  Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles. The advent of electronic publishing and authors’need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind. These journalscan act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In other instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published. How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.36.According to Paragraph1, the careers of scientists can be determined by37.The support service consultancies tend to38.The Function of the“milk cow”journals is to39.What can be learned about Scopus From the last two paragraphs ?40.What Should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?

問題1

A、how many citations their works contain

B、how many times their papers are cited

C、the prestige of the people they work with

D、the status they have in scientific circles

問題2

A、recommend journals to their clients.

B、list citation patterns their clients.

C、ask authors to include extra citations.

D、advise contributors to cite each other

問題3

A、boost citation counts for certain authors

B、help scholars publish articles at low cost

C、instruct First-time contributors in citation

D、increase the readership of new journals.

問題4

A、It fosters competition among citation providers

B、It has the capability to identify suspicious citations

C、It hinders the growth of "international" journals

D、It established to prevent citation manipulation

問題5

A、Take legal action.

B、Demand an apology.

C、Seek professional advice.

D、Reveal their misconduct.