考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練（三百八十三）

本文提供考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練，以下為具體內容

1、How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year's rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year's, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincoln shire have to subsidize the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain's railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalization may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.1.The author holds that this year's increase in rail passengers fares （  ）.2.The stockbroker in Paragraph 2 is used to stand for（  ） .3. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that train operators （  ）.4. If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face（  ）.5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

問題1

A、will ease train operation's burden

B、has kept pace with inflation

C、is a big surprise to commuters

D、remains an unreasonable measure

問題2

A、car drivers

B、rail travelers

C、local investors

D、ordinary taxpayers

問題3

A、are offering compensations to commuters

B、are trying to repair relations with the unions

C、have failed to provide an adequate service

D、have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes

問題4

A、the loss of investment

B、the collapse of operations

C、a reduction of revenue

D、a change of ownership

問題5

A、Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?

B、Constant Complaining Doesn't Work

C、Can Nationalization Bring Hope?

D、Ever-rising Fares Aren't Sustainable

2、States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.The Supreme Court's opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer's purchase to a state where the business didn't have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn't have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren't charged it, but most didn't realize they owed it and few paid.Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “l(fā)imited states' ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn't before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don't have to.Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state's sales tax from customers and send it to the state.Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a a statement, "businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.”1.The Supreme Court decision Thursday will（  ）.2.It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions（  ）.3.According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule has（  ）.4.Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court ruling（  ）.5.In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the author（  ）.

問題1

A、endetter business' revolutions with states

B、put most online business in a dilemma

C、make more online shoppers pay sales tax

D、forces some states to cut sales tax

問題2

A、have led to the dominance of e-commerce

B、have cost consumers a lot over the years

C、were widely criticized by online purchases

D、were considered up favorable by states

問題3

A、hindered economic development

B、brought prosperity to the country

C、harmed fair market competition

D、boosted growth in states revenue

問題4

A、Internet entrepreneurs

B、Big-chain owners

C、Third-party sellers

D、Small retailers

問題5

A、gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences

B、describes the long and complicated process of its making

C、presents its main points with conflicting views on them

D、cities some cases related to it and analyzes their implications

3、Research suggests that British people are becoming increasingly detached from wildlife, the countryside and nature. Most people in the survey admitted they felt they were 1 touch with the natural world, 2 a third said they did not know enough about the subject to teach their own children. One in three people could not 3 an oak tree.This detachment has negative 4 for conservation. People simply won't rally round to save something they are not really 5 of. A major report last year already warned that Britain is among “the 6 nature-depleted countries in the world”.7 this is urban alienation at its most literal. Humans have 8 so decisively in the processes that create life on Earth 9 we are increasingly aware only of our own interventions, 10 not of the vast ecosystems that make them possible. Nature reminds us that we are a small part of something vast, 11, ever-evolving and infinitely precious. It reminds us that, as part of this 12. We are precious, too.13 all around us is self-destruction. Senior doctors and health charities warn that 14 drinking will kill 65,000 people over the next five years. They are asking urgently 15 a crackdown on cheap alcohol and 16 restrictions on the advertising of liquor to help to 17 the problem.The problem, however, seems existential to me. Many people are trying to 18 from themselves and their lives. 19, the measures work, simply making it harder for people to purchase their poison. But it's a strategy that makes a difference only 20 so many other aspects of a life have already gone wrong.

問題1

A、getting

B、keeping

C、losing

D、retaining

問題2

A、and

B、besides

C、moreover

D、while

問題3

A、identify

B、impair

C、illustrate

D、inhabit

問題4

A、continuity

B、consequences

C、sequences

D、controversy

問題5

A、aware

B、authoritative

C、concerned

D、considered

問題6

A、least

B、less

C、most

D、more

問題7

A、Hopefully

B、Unexpectedly

C、Presumably

D、Surely

問題8

A、interrupted

B、intervened

C、invaded

D、intrigued

問題9

A、as

B、it

C、which

D、that

問題10

A、and

B、as

C、nor

D、or

問題11

A、limited

B、definite

C、complex

D、distinctive

問題12

A、evolution

B、process

C、procedure

D、system

問題13

A、Moreover

B、Contradictory

C、Yet

D、Whilst

問題14

A、extra

B、heavy

C、massive

D、more

問題15

A、about

B、after

C、for

D、to

問題16

A、further

B、stricter

C、more

D、incredible

問題17

A、invert

B、avert

C、avail

D、reverse

問題18

A、move

B、escape

C、exile

D、resist

問題19

A、In the way

B、On the whole

C、As it is

D、To an extent

問題20

A、after

B、if

C、because

D、since

4、Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which showed that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men in order to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and Technology is around f 1,500 a year.That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking “career breaks” to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £4,000 a year more than female ones.To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.Besides pay, her study also looked at the “glass-ceiling” effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Different from the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. In other words, private enterprise delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.1.The phrase “crop up” in the first paragraph most probably means____2.Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connolly’s study?3.According to the text, the author places interpretation on____4.In contrast to Dr. Connolly’s study, the previous ones failed to____5.Which of followings could be the best title for the text?

問題1

A、thrive.

B、plant.

C、elevate.

D、happen.

問題2

A、Pay discrimination between male and female scientists.

B、Fewer research resources for women scientists.

C、The super qualities possessed by male scientists.

D、The role of analyzing the results of a survey.

問題3

A、a humor.

B、a adage.

C、a term.

D、a motto.

問題4

A、compare the pay between male and female scientists.

B、make a comparison between the experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities.

C、contrast the degree of efforts between male and female scientists in their endeavors.

D、make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality.

問題5

A、Avoid the discrimination.

B、Free to Flutter.

C、The Hardest Move.

D、Mind the Gap.

5、brief 

A、 adj. 短時間的，短暫的；簡潔的，簡單的；過短的，暴露身體的；v. 給指示，向介紹情況；向（辯護律師）提供案情摘要；n. 任務簡介，指示；案情摘要，委托辯護；辯護狀；辯護律師

B、 adj. 任何的；所有的；絲毫的

C、 n. 注意，專心，留心，注意力；興趣，關注；殷勤，關心；特別照料；立正姿勢

D、 adv. 總之；無論如何；不管怎樣