考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練（三百八十）

本文提供考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that involves short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problem. It （1）in young adulthood (between the ages of 20 and 30), levels out for a period of time, and then （2）starts to slowly decline as we age. But （3）aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle loss and the （4）of body fat around the abdomen, which often begin in middle age and continue into advanced age, are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the （5）  that lifestyle factors, such as the type of diet you follow and the type and amount of exercise you get throughout the years to maintain more lean muscle, might help prevent or （6） this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that （7）measurements of lean muscle, abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat (the type of fat you can see and grab hold of) from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and （8）that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people （9）higher measures of abdominal fat（10）worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years（11）.For women, the association may be（12）to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be （13）. Future studies could （14）these differences and perhaps lead to different（15）for men and women.（16） there are steps you can （17）to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental（18）. The two most generally recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your （19）of aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style （20） that is high in fiber from whole grains, vegetables, and other plant foods and eliminates highly processed foods. If you carry extra belly fat, speak with your health care provider to determine a plan that is best for you.

問題1

A、pauses

B、return

C、peaks

D、fades

問題2

A、alternatively

B、formally

C、accidentally

D、generally

問題3

A、while

B、since

C、once

D、until

問題4

A、detection

B、accumulation

C、consumption

D、separation

問題5

A、possibility

B、decision

C、goal

D、requirement

問題6

A、delay

B、ensure

C、seek

D、utilize

問題7

A、modified

B、supported

C、included

D、predicted

問題8

A、devoted

B、compared

C、converted

D、applied

問題9

A、with

B、above

C、by

D、against

問題10

A、lived

B、managed

C、scored

D、played

問題11

A、ran out

B、set off

C、drew in

D、went by

問題12

A、superior

B、attributable

C、parallel

D、resistant

問題13

A、restored

B、isolated

C、involved

D、controlled

問題14

A、alter

B、spread

C、remove

D、explain

問題15

A、compensations

B、symptoms

C、demands

D、treatments

問題16

A、Likewise

B、Meanwhile

C、Therefore

D、Instead

問題17

A、change

B、watch

C、count

D、take

問題18

A、well-being

B、process

C、formation

D、coordination

問題19

A、level

B、love

C、knowledge

D、space

問題20

A、design

B、routine

C、diet

D、prescription

2、bound 

A、 n. 出身背景，學歷，經(jīng)歷；背景；不顯眼的位置，幕后；底色，底花，底子

B、 n. 答復，回答；答案

C、 adj. 一定會，很可能會；受約束（必須做某事），有義務；因…受阻；正旅行去，準備前往；v. 跳躍著跑；形成…的邊界；n. 蹦跳；跳躍

D、 n. 螞蟻

3、Text 4 ①From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over their rivals.②That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the internet. ①Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill — in part because of pushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts. ②A federal appeals court  weighed in again Tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight. ③At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission（FCC） on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017. ④The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015, but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything. ⑤The order also declared that  state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either. ①The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV. ②Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals’ streaming services but not their own. ①On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move.  ②But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that "the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service," and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to "avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism." ①In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order. ②That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC’s abdication. ①The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act. ②It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online. 1、There has long been concern that broadband provides would ______ . 2、Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the FCC ______ . 3、What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph 3? 4、Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court's decision______. 5、What does the author argue in the last paragraph?

問題1

A、bring web-based firms under control

B、slow down the traffic on their network

C、show partiality in treating clients

D、intensify competition with their rivals

問題2

A、sticks to an out-of-date order

B、takes an anti-regulatory stance

C、has issued a special resolution

D、has allowed the states to intervene

問題3

A、It protects against unfair competition

B、It engages in anti-competitive practices.

C、It is under the FCC'S investigation.

D、It is in pursuit of quality service.

問題4

A、focus on trivialities

B、conveys an ambiguous message

C、is at odds with its earlier rulings

D、is out of touch with reality

問題5

A、Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.

B、The FCC should be put under strict supervision.

C、Rules need to be set to diversify online services.

D、Broadband providers' rights should be protected.

4、It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.    No longer. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.    The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.    This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.1、In the first paragraph, the author discusses _____.2、Which of the following is true of the OECD report?3、According to the text, online publication is significant in that _____.4、With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to _____.5、Which of the following best summarizes the text?

問題1

A、the background information of journal editing.

B、the publication routine of laboratory reports.

C、the relations of authors with journal publishers.

D、the traditional process of journal publication.

問題2

A、It criticizes government-funded research.

B、It introduces an effective means of publication.

C、It upsets profit-making journal publishers.

D、It benefits scientific research considerably.

問題3

A、it provides an easier access to scientific results.

B、it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.

C、it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.

D、it facilitates public investment in scientific research.

問題4

A、cover the cost of its publication.

B、subscribe to the journal publishing it.

C、allow other online journals to use it freely.

D、complete the peer-review before submission.

問題5

A、The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.

B、A new mode of publication is emerging.

C、Authors welcome the new channel for publication.

D、Publication is rendered easier by online service.

5、An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?    In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.    On May 31st Microsoft set off the row.It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.    Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”    It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.    Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?1、It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to ____.2、“The industry” (Para.3) refers to ____.3、Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ____.4、Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6? ____.5、The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of____.

問題1

A、ease competition among themselves.

B、lower their operational costs.

C、avoid complaints from consumers.

D、provide better online services.

問題2

A、online advertisers.

B、e-commerce conductors.

C、digital information analysts.

D、internet browser developers.

問題3

A、may cut the number of junk ads.

B、fails to affect the ad industry.

C、will not benefit consumers.

D、goes against human nature.

問題4

A、DNT may not serve its intended purpose.

B、Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.

C、DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.

D、Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.

問題5

A、indulgence.

B、understanding.

C、appreciation.

D、skepticism.