考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練（三百六十四）

本文提供考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、candidate 

A、 n. 審計(jì)，稽核；審查，檢查；v. 審計(jì)，稽核；旁聽

B、 n. 聽眾席，觀眾席；禮堂，會(huì)堂

C、 n. （競選或求職的）候選人，申請人；投考者；應(yīng)試者；參加考試的人；被認(rèn)定適合者；被認(rèn)定有某種結(jié)局者

D、 v. 增加；提高；擴(kuò)大

2、Text 4 The personal grievance provisions of New Zealand's Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause. Instead, dismissals must be justified. Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way. Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from “unjustified dismissals” . The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management. Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice. But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will attest, constraining firms from firing poorly performing, high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance. The difference between C-grade and A- grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure. Between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them. Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal. Consequently – and paradoxically – laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk. If not placing jobs at risk, to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under- performing managers, those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers' wages. Indeed, in “An International Perspective on New Zealand's Productivity Paradox” (2014), the Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth record. Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures. Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee, employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong. Society also suffers from excessive employment protections. Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being. Across the Tasman Sea, Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified “high-income threshold” from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand, a 2016 private members' Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime.However, the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year. 1、The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to________.2、It can be learned from paragraph 3 that the provisions may________.3、Which of the following measures would be the Productivity Commission support?4、What might be an effect ofERA's unjustified dismissal procedures?5、It can be inferred that the “high-income threshold” in Australia________.

問題1

A、punish dubious corporate practices.

B、improve traditional hiring procedures.

C、exempt employers from certain duties.

D、protect the rights of ordinary workers.

問題2

A、hinder business development.

B、undermine managers' authority.

C、affect the public image of the firms.

D、worsen labor-management relations.

問題3

A、Imposing reasonable wage restraints.

B、Enforcing employment protection laws.

C、Limiting the powers of business owners.

D、Dismissing poorly performing managers.

問題4

A、Highly paid managers lose their jobs.

B、Employees suffer from salary cuts.

C、Society sees a rise in overall well-being.

D、Employers need to hire new staff.

問題5

A、has secured managers' earnings.

B、has produced undesired results.

C、is beneficial to business owners.

D、is difficult to put into practice.

3、It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.    More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.    Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .    Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.    But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.    Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.1、In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s _____.2、PTK is used to _____.3、Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to _____.4、In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is _____.5、An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be _____.

問題1

A、easy availability

B、flexibility in pricing

C、successful promotion

D、popularity with households

問題2

A、locate one’s birth place

B、promote genetic research

C、identify parent-child kinship

D、choose children for adoption

問題3

A、trace distant ancestors

B、rebuild reliable bloodlines

C、fully use genetic information

D、achieve the claimed accuracy

問題4

A、disorganized data collection

B、overlapping database building

C、excessive sample comparison

D、lack of patent evaluation

問題5

A、Fors and Againsts of DNA testing

B、DNA testing and It’s problems

C、DNA testing outside the lab

D、lies behind DNA testing

4、While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.    Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.    Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”    Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”    Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”    Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.1、Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?2、Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women _____.3、According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be _____.4、The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that _____.5、Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

問題1

A、Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

B、Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

C、Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

D、Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

問題2

A、need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.

B、have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

C、are more capable of avoiding stress.

D、are exposed to more stress.

問題3

A、domestic and temporary.

B、irregular and violent.

C、durable and frequent.

D、trivial and random.

問題4

A、Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.

B、Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.

C、Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.

D、Alvarez paid practically everything by check.

問題5

A、Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

B、Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

C、Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say

D、Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

5、An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?    In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.    On May 31st Microsoft set off the row.It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.    Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”    It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.    Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?1、It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to ____.2、“The industry” (Para.3) refers to ____.3、Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ____.4、Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6? ____.5、The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of____.

問題1

A、ease competition among themselves.

B、lower their operational costs.

C、avoid complaints from consumers.

D、provide better online services.

問題2

A、online advertisers.

B、e-commerce conductors.

C、digital information analysts.

D、internet browser developers.

問題3

A、may cut the number of junk ads.

B、fails to affect the ad industry.

C、will not benefit consumers.

D、goes against human nature.

問題4

A、DNT may not serve its intended purpose.

B、Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.

C、DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.

D、Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.

問題5

A、indulgence.

B、understanding.

C、appreciation.

D、skepticism.