考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練（三百六十二）

本文提供考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、When older people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But more and more studies suggest that this assumption is often wrong. Instead, the research finds, the aging brain is simply taking in more data and trying to sift through a clutter of information, often to its long-term benefit. The studies are analyzed in a new edition of a neurology book, “Progress in Brain Research.”Some brains do deteriorate with age. Alzheimer’s disease, for example, strikes 13 percent of Americans 65 and older. But for most aging adults, the authors say, much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latch onto just one fact, like a name or a telephone number. Although that can be frustrating, it is often useful. “It may be that distractibility is not, in fact, a bad thing,” said Shelley H. Carson, a psychology researcher at Harvard whose work was cited in the book. “It may increase the amount of information available to the conscious mind.”For example, in studies where subjects are asked to read passages that are interrupted with unexpected words or phrases, adults 60 and older work much more slowly than college students. Although the students plow through the texts at a consistent speed regardless of what the out-of-place words mean, older people slow down even more when the words are related to the topic at hand. That indicates that they are not just stumbling over the extra information, but are taking it in and processing it. When both groups were later asked questions for which the out-of-place words might be answers, the older adults responded much better than the students.“For the young people, it’s as if the distraction never happened.” said an author of the review, Lynn Hasher, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute. “But for older adults, because they’ve retained all this extra data, they’re now suddenly the better problem solvers. They can transfer the information they’ve soaked up from one situation to another.”In the real world, such tendencies can yield big advantages, where it is not always clear what information is important, or will become important. A seemingly irrelevant point or suggestion in a memo can take on new meaning if the original plan changes. Or extra details that stole your attention, like others’ yawning and fidgeting, may help you assess the speaker’s real impact.1.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that____2.Older adults tend to be forgetful because of____3.The studies mentioned in paragraph 3 show that____4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?5.The text intends to tell us that____

問題1

A、aging brains tend to process more information simultaneously.

B、one will become forgetful when he gets old.

C、older people don’t think their brainpower is falling.

D、the aged always stress long-term benefit.

問題2

A、their wide information.

B、the harm of Alzheimer’s disease.

C、their broader range of attention.

D、their frustration from limited attention.

問題3

A、out-of-place words are never negligible.

B、it is advisable for the old to read slowly.

C、there is nothing that can distract young people.

D、old people may be more attentive in face of distractions.

問題4

A、The forgetfulness of the old people turns to be their advantages.

B、The meaning of a point in a memo is changing anytime.

C、Wide attention is actually valuable in daily life.

D、Extra details influence one’s focus of attention.

問題5

A、brains do deteriorate with age.

B、an older brain may be a wiser brain.

C、a brain with disease is a brain with wisdom.

D、how an older brain processes information.

2、Text 4 ①From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over their rivals.②That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the internet. ①Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill — in part because of pushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts. ②A federal appeals court  weighed in again Tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight. ③At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission（FCC） on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017. ④The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015, but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything. ⑤The order also declared that  state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either. ①The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV. ②Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals’ streaming services but not their own. ①On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move.  ②But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that "the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service," and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to "avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism." ①In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order. ②That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC’s abdication. ①The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act. ②It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online. 1、There has long been concern that broadband provides would ______ . 2、Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the FCC ______ . 3、What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph 3? 4、Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court's decision______. 5、What does the author argue in the last paragraph?

問題1

A、bring web-based firms under control

B、slow down the traffic on their network

C、show partiality in treating clients

D、intensify competition with their rivals

問題2

A、sticks to an out-of-date order

B、takes an anti-regulatory stance

C、has issued a special resolution

D、has allowed the states to intervene

問題3

A、It protects against unfair competition

B、It engages in anti-competitive practices.

C、It is under the FCC'S investigation.

D、It is in pursuit of quality service.

問題4

A、focus on trivialities

B、conveys an ambiguous message

C、is at odds with its earlier rulings

D、is out of touch with reality

問題5

A、Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.

B、The FCC should be put under strict supervision.

C、Rules need to be set to diversify online services.

D、Broadband providers' rights should be protected.

3、Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.    So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.    But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.    “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”    All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.    The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.1、The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being _____2、The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be _____.3、“ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to _____.4、Ms. Markova most probably agree that _____.5、Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing _____.

問題1

A、casual

B、familiar

C、mechanical

D、changeable.

問題2

A、predicted

B、regulated

C、traced

D、guided

問題3

A、tracks

B、series

C、characteristics

D、connections

問題4

A、ideas are born of a relaxing mind

B、innovativeness could be taught

C、decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas

D、curiosity activates creative minds

問題5

A、prevents new habits form being formed

B、no longer emphasizes commonness

C、maintains the inherent American thinking model

D、complies with the American belief system

4、The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.    Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.    More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.    What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.    As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.1、The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries _____.2、It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system _____.3、A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that _____.4、The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged _____.5、According to the last paragraph , development of education _____.

問題1

A、is subject groundless doubts

B、has fallen victim of bias

C、is conventional downgraded

D、has been overestimated

問題2

A、challenges economists and politicians

B、takes efforts of generations

C、demands priority from the government

D、requires sufficient labor force

問題3

A、the Japanese workforce is better disciplined

B、the Japanese workforce is more productive

C、[C]the U.S workforce has a better education

D、the U.S workforce is more organize

問題4

A、when people had enough time

B、prior to better ways of finding food

C、when people on longer went hung

D、as a result of pressure on government

問題5

A、results directly from competitive environments

B、does not depend on economic performance

C、follows improved productivity

D、cannot afford political changes

5、In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.    That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.    More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.    For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “l(fā)ike having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.    And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.    Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children – though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.1、George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to _____2、We may infer from the second paragraph that _____3、What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?4、Which of the following is true according to the text?5、Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his _____

問題1

A、show the primitive medical practice in the past.

B、demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.

C、stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.

D、reveal some unknown aspect of his life.

問題2

A、DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.

B、in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.

C、historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.

D、political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.

問題3

A、His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.

B、His status as a father made him free the child slaves.

C、His attitude towards slavery was complex.

D、His affair with a slave stained his prestige.

問題4

A、Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.

B、Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.

C、Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.

D、Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.

問題5

A、moral considerations.

B、military experience.

C、financial conditions.

D、political stand.