考研201英語(yǔ)（一）在線題庫(kù)每日一練（三百六十一）

本文提供考研201英語(yǔ)（一）在線題庫(kù)每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、Grade inflation—the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades— is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force—a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness”—is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GPA. The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty. “Untimely,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State University's registrar, “we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges'own needs as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention- so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students- who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill-feel they've gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers' expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be. On this, students' and colleges' incentive seem to be aligned.1.What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?2.What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?3.According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enable colleges to（  ）.4.What does the phrase "to be aligned" (Para.6) most probably mean?5.The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by（  ）.

問題1

A、The change of course catalogs.

B、Students' indifference to GPAs.

C、Colleges' neglect of GPAs.

D、The influence of consumer culture.

問題2

A、To help freshmen adapt to college learning.

B、To maintain colleges' graduation rates.

C、To prepare graduates for a challenging future.

D、To increase universities' income from tuition.

問題3

A、obtain more financial support

B、boost their student enrollments

C、improve their teaching quality

D、meet local governments' needs

問題4

A、To counterbalance each other.

B、To complement each other.

C、To be identical with each other.

D、To be contradictory to each other.

問題5

A、assessing its feasibility

B、analyzing the causes behind it

C、comparing different views on it

D、listing its long-run effects

2、States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.The Supreme Court's opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer's purchase to a state where the business didn't have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn't have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren't charged it, but most didn't realize they owed it and few paid.Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “l(fā)imited states' ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn't before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don't have to.Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state's sales tax from customers and send it to the state.Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a a statement, "businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.”1.The Supreme Court decision Thursday will（  ）.2.It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions（  ）.3.According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule has（  ）.4.Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court ruling（  ）.5.In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the author（  ）.

問題1

A、endetter business' revolutions with states

B、put most online business in a dilemma

C、make more online shoppers pay sales tax

D、forces some states to cut sales tax

問題2

A、have led to the dominance of e-commerce

B、have cost consumers a lot over the years

C、were widely criticized by online purchases

D、were considered up favorable by states

問題3

A、hindered economic development

B、brought prosperity to the country

C、harmed fair market competition

D、boosted growth in states revenue

問題4

A、Internet entrepreneurs

B、Big-chain owners

C、Third-party sellers

D、Small retailers

問題5

A、gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences

B、describes the long and complicated process of its making

C、presents its main points with conflicting views on them

D、cities some cases related to it and analyzes their implications

3、A Downing Street review into modern employment is to call on the government to improve the quality of work for millions of people earning the minimum wage after it found too many are stuck with few prospects and falling job satisfaction.A 10-month review commissioned by the prime minister has identified a productivity crisis among the lowest paid workers, particularly in sectors such as retail, care work and hospitality, and will urge the government to give the low Pay Commission a new role to boost job satisfaction.Matthew Taylor, a former adviser to Tony Blair, is expected to say next week that the government needs to widen the focus of its industrial strategy to tackle falling productivity among the low paid—not least because many work in the public sector—as well as its current priority of high value, high tech export industries. Taylor’s report is expected to say “the ambition we should have is that all work is fair and decent and with scope for fulfillment and development”.The low Pay Commission sets the national living wage. There are predictions that 15% of the British workforce will be earning up to or at that level by 2020, up from 2% in 2000. In three years a quarter of workers in wholesale, retail, agriculture and fishing will be earning at the wage floor, according to the Resolution Foundation.The review was ordered by Theresa May following revelations about low pay and the lack of basic employment rights endured by many workers in sectors including parcel delivery, minicab driving and warehouse work.The Guardian exposed poor pay and conditions for workers in gig economy companies including courier firm Hermes and how Sports Direct in effect paid agency workers at its Shirebrook warehouse in Derbyshire less than the minimum wage.In her first speech as prime minister, May addressed people who “have a job, but... don’t always have job security”, those who are “just managing” and said: “The government I lead will be driven not by the interests of the privileged few, but by yours.”The Taylor review is seen as one of her most concrete attempts to deliver on that. It is expected to suggest the government develop a set of measures to assess the quality of low paid work across different sectors, taking into account issues such as access to training and job satisfaction.Research in April for the RSA, of which Taylor is chief executive, found three out of four people think more should be done to improve the quality of work. It said 13.5 million people are living in poverty in Britain and 55% are in working households.1.What does not contribute to the call for improvement according to Paragraph 1?2.Downing Street review is so called because it is____. 3.According to the text, who are not the subjects covered in the review?4.In which walk of life is gig economy pervasive according to the text?5.Which of the following maybe the best title for the text?

問題1

A、Low job satisfaction.

B、Poor payment for work.

C、Modern job market.

D、Bleak future for work.

問題2

A、carried out in Downing Street

B、commanded by British Prime Minister

C、conducted by chief executive of RSA

D、a lengthy research like Downing Street

問題3

A、The low-paid employees.

B、The minimum-wage earners.

C、The people in poverty.

D、The rich royal family.

問題4

A、In non-government organizations.

B、In government departments.

C、In express companies.

D、In business companies.

問題5

A、Low-paid Workers Need Better Prospects, May Told

B、Government Need to Take Immediate Actions

C、Low Pay Commission Tries to Call for Improvement

D、All Work Is Fair and Decent, Matthew Taylor Said

4、Latin America—a place long associated with financial disaster—has remained improbably calm, while the ripples of America’s subprime-mortgage crisis have spread all over the place. Banks have reported no unpleasant surprises. Brazil and Peru have been blessed with coveted investment-grade ratings. Surprisingly, perhaps the fleetest country of all has been Argentina. Since it emerged from the financial crisis of 2001-02, it has been one of the world’s fastest growing economies. It is expected to expand faster than most of its neighbors again this year. How has such a perennial economic miscreant proven so resilient to the credit crunch?Quite simply, it barely has no credit. Back when its economy virtually collapsed, the country suffered a run on its banks, followed by a freeze on withdrawals, and a massive currency devaluation. As a result, bank lending to the private sector shrivelled, from 23.8% of GDP in 2000 to 10.8% in 2003. Since then, it has rebounded to a piddling 13%; by contrast, the ratio in Brazil was 36. 5% in 2006. Almost all of these loans in Argentina are accessible only on a short-term basis.Once its recovery began in June 2002, Argentina became a paradise for business. Unemployment of over 20% kept wages down, and the devaluation gave exporters an edge on foreign competitors. The ample productive capacity left idle by the crisis meant firms could expand without making big investments. And the windfall profits reaped by agricultural exporters, thanks to record commodities prices, enabled many of them to finance new projects out of earnings. Hence the economy could grow at almost 9% a year with little need for credit.But such a fortuitous confluence of factors could not last. Starting in early 2005, inflation picked up, a sign that the installed capacity was starling to limit output. Salaries and prices for raw materials increased sharply, cutting into profits. And farmers were particularly hard hit when the government nearly doubled the taxes it leaves on farm exports. Now, just as companies need to embark on big investments if they are to keep growing, their margins are no longer big enough to pay for the expansion and they need to borrow.So, the time is ripe for the country’s financial system to recover. But a number of things are in the way. Foremost is Argentina’s business risk. Those in the informal economy (which represents over 40% of GDP) can neither save nor borrow legally, lest they become known to tie taxmen. The rest remain cowed by memories of the crisis. Although Argentines have poured their savings into property, fuelling a construction boom, they still hold about four-fifths of their deposits abroad.Inflation, fuelled by a public-spending binge, stale-mandated wage increases, and a cheap currency, is not helping either. No one knows how high it is. The consumer price index is doctored to keep the official rate Below 10%, but private estimates suggest it is near 25%. Without a reliable index of inflation, lending is all but impossible, even for the medium term. And the central bank has kept interest rates strongly negative in real terms, encouraging workers to spend their wages rather than to save.1.What can we infer from the first paragraph?2.Argentina’s economy started its recovery in 2002. According to the text, which of the following is NOT the reason?3.According to the author, Argentina’s financial recovery has been hindered because____.4.There is no dependable index of inflation, because____5.What is the main idea of the text?

問題1

A、America’s subprime-mortgage crisis has greatly influenced Latin America.

B、Latin America is suffering a financial disaster.

C、At the beginning of this century Argentina has suffered a financial crisis.

D、Argentina’s economy grows faster than any other countries economics.

問題2

A、Low wages.

B、Low value of currency.

C、Low unemployment.

D、Low commodities prices of exports.

問題3

A、the banks cannot offer enough financial help

B、companies never pay the tax

C、they do not have enough foreign investment

D、companies’ increased caution for the crisis

問題4

A、the value of the currency is low.

B、there are different ways to get the index.

C、the index have been manipulated by the government.

D、the central bank has kept rates low.

問題5

A、Credit does not play a role in economy.

B、Banking sector and capital markets sometimes are not so essential in economy.

C、Argentina’s economy is the best one in Latin America.

D、Argentina is a paradise for business.

5、balloon 

A、 n. 大使；使節(jié)

B、 adj. 模棱兩可的，含混不清的；不明確的

C、 n. 救護(hù)車

D、 n. 氣球；熱氣球；v. 膨脹，漲大；乘熱氣球飛行