考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練（三百六十）

本文提供考研201英語（一）在線題庫每日一練，以下為具體內(nèi)容

1、In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don't involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One common application? Preventing electronic security breaches, which, rather than eliminating IT jobs, actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:Better hiring practicesCompanies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. “There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does, ” says Pedro Domingo, author of The Master Algorithm: How the quest for the Ultimate learning Machine Will Reambe Our World and a computer science 1.（  ） One company that's doing this is called Blendoor. It usesanalytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.More effective marketingSome AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. 2.（  ） These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.Saving customers moneyEnergy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk. “Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much,” says Domingos, 3.（  ）Improved accuracy“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics which makes data more valuable,“ says Winston. It “helps people make smarter decisions.” 4.（  ）Protecting and maintaining infrastructureA number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,” says Domingo's.“ 5."（  ） .”

問題1

A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.

B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.

E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

問題2

A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.

B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.

E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

問題3

A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.

B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.

E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

問題4

A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.

B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.

E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

問題5

A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you're doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn't have time for.

B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it's useful for employees to go to.

E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

F、We're also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

2、Financial  regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“ Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England's top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm's efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed "quarterly capitalism" In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers. "There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing," said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism”. In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that "a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage “l(fā)ong-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.1.According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the（  ） .2.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate（  ）.3.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be（  ）.4.The US and France examples are used to illustrate（  ）.5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

問題1

A、enhance banker's sense of responsibility

B、help corporations achieve larger profits

C、build a new system of financial regulation

D、guarantee the bonuses of top executives

問題2

A、the conditions for generating quick profits

B、governments' impatience in decision-making

C、the solid structure of publicly traded companies

D、"short-termism" in economics activities

問題3

A、indirect

B、adverse

C、minimal

D、temporary

問題4

A、the obstacles to preventing short-termism

B、the significance of long-term thinking

C、the approaches to promoting long-termism

D、the prevalence of short-term thinking

問題5

A、Failure of Quarterly Capitalism

B、Patience as a Corporate Virtue

C、Decisiveness Required of Top Executives

D、Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers

3、This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions: “What is intelligence, identify, or consciousness? What makes humans humans?” What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “West world” and “Humans”.“Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced,” says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousnesss actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.” But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren't at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google pledged not to “design or deploy AI” that would cause “overall harm,” or to develop AI-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair. To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity's highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein's out-of-control monster. 1.Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein is mentioned because it（  ）.2.In David Eagleman's opinion, our current knowledge of consciousness（  ）.3.The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles（  ）.4.The author's attitude toward Google's pledge is one of（  ）.5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

問題1

A、fascinates AI scientists all over the world

B、has remained popular for as long as 200 years

C、involves some concerns raised by AI today

D、has sparked serious ethical controversies

問題2

A、helps explain artificial intelligence

B、can be misleading to robot making

C、inspires popular sci-fi TV series

D、is too limited for us to reproduce it

問題3

A、can hardly ever be found

B、is still beyond our capacity

C、causes little public concern

D、has aroused much curiosity

問題4

A、affirmation

B、skepticism

C、contempt

D、respect

問題5

A、AI's Future: In the Hands of Tech Giants

B、Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of AI

C、The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable

D、AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of Control

4、A small group of Internet security specialists gathered in Singapore to start up a Global system to make e-mail and e-commerce more secure, end the rapid growth of passwords and raise the bar significantly for Internet fraud, spies and troublemakers.The Singapore event included an elaborate technical ceremony to create and then securely store numerical keys that will be kept in three hardened data centers there, in Zurich and in San Jose, Calif. The keys and data centers are working parts of a technology known as Secure DNS, or DNSSEC. DNS refers to the Domain Name System, which is a directory that connects names to numerical Internet addresses. Preliminary work on the security system had been going on for more than a year, but this was the first time the system went into operation, even though it is not quite complete.The three centers are fortresses made up of five layers of physical, electronic and cryptographic security, making it virtually impossible to damage the system. Four layers are active now. The fifth, a physical barrier, is being built inside the data center.The technology is viewed by many computer security specialists as a ray of hope amid the recent cascade of data thefts, attacks, disruptions and scandals, including break-ins at Citibank, Sony, Lockheed Martin, RSA Security and elsewhere. It allows users to communicate via the Internet with high confidence that the identity of the person or organization they are communicating with is not being tricked or forged.Internet engineers like Dan Kaminsky, an independent network security researcher who is one of the engineers involved in the project, want to counteract three major deficiencies in today’s Internet. There is no mechanism for ensuring trust, the quality of software is uneven, and it is difficult to track down bad actors.One reason for these flaws is that from the 1960s through the 1980s the engineers who designed the network’s underlying technology were concerned about reliable, rather than secure, communications. That is starting to change with the introduction of Secure DNS by governments and other organizations.The event in Singapore capped a process that began more than a year ago and is expected to be complete after 300 so-called top-level domains have been digitally signed. Before the Singapore event, 70 countries had adopted the technology, and 14 more were added as part of the event. While large countries are generally doing the technical work to include their own domains in the system, the association of Internet security specialists is helping smaller countries and organizations with the process.1.It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that the Singapore event intended to____.2.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that___.3.The word “counteract”(Line 2, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to___.4.Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?5.What would be the best title for the text?

問題1

A、complete three data centers

B、put an end to Internet fraud

C、launch the Global system Secure DNS

D、connect domain names to Web addresses

問題2

A、the Secure DNS has protected lots of companies from data thefts

B、experts see Secure DNS as a promising technology

C、companies like Sony are undergoing an Internet security crisis

D、communicating via the Internet makes people more confident

問題3

A、eliminate

B、hide

C、assess

D、substitute

問題4

A、Secure DNS will be completed soon.

B、Internet engineers prefer to wait and see how things go.

C、Domains of more countries will be included in Secure DNS.

D、More countries are supposed to invest in Secure DNS.

問題5

A、The Network Security Condition Is Worrying

B、Secure DNS Has Grown Mature Nowadays

C、Secure DNS Will Become a Popular technology

D、A Stronger Net Security System Is Under Way

5、Kids are missing out on having important conversations with parents about how to love and be loved. Parents are worried for years 1 having “the talk” with their kids. That talk, of course, is about sex. But one thing that is getting very lost in those 2 is how to have a healthy romantic 3. It’s not enough to have the sex talk, we have to have the 4 talk, too. Without it, we 5 our kids being in abusive, manipulative relationships, or 6 out on a truly wonderful aspect of life.According to a report 7 today by Harvard Graduate School of Education’s Making Caring Common Project, 8 worry a great deal about the hookup culture, but ignore the fact that young people are unprepared to learn how to love and develop 9 healthy romantic relationships.“This whole area has been terribly 10” says Richard Weissbourd, a Harvard psychologist who 11 the Making Caring Common Project. Without conversations about 12 relationships, parents are also neglecting to teach their children about misogyny (厭惡女性) 13 sexual harassment. “Adults seem not to be facing it 14. It’s concerning,” Weissbourd adds.15 parents think kids don’t want to hear it from them, they should 16 : 70 percent of the 18-to 25-year-olds 17 responded to the report’s survey said they wanted more information from parents about some emotional 18 of a romantic relationship. And 65 percent said they wanted 19 about it in a sexed or health class at school. But both parents and educators seem to 20 avoidance of having sex, how not to get pregnant or how to avoid a sexually transmitted disease. In doing so, parents are missing out on having important conversations about how to love and be loved.

問題1

A、about

B、above

C、around

D、across

問題2

A、conservations

B、conversations

C、conversions

D、consumptions

問題3

A、relative

B、relation

C、relationship

D、relatedness

問題4

A、emotion

B、passion

C、mood

D、love

問題5

A、risk

B、plunge

C、threaten

D、immerse

問題6

A、losing

B、missing

C、escaping

D、evading

問題7

A、relieved

B、delivered

C、released

D、derived

問題8

A、graduates

B、teenagers

C、psychologists

D、parents

問題9

A、caring

B、careful

C、careless

D、carefree

問題10

A、negotiated

B、neglected

C、collected

D、nagged

問題11

A、comes

B、goes

C、runs

D、races

問題12

A、healthful

B、hygienic

C、wholesome

D、healthy

問題13

A、and

B、but

C、or

D、also

問題14

A、secretly

B、squarely

C、multiply

D、frankly

問題15

A、Only if

B、As if

C、If

D、If only

問題16

A、revise

B、review

C、rehearse

D、reconsider

問題17

A、what

B、which

C、whom

D、who

問題18

A、perspective

B、prospect

C、aspect

D、suspect

問題19

A、guardian

B、guidance

C、manual

D、guide

問題20

A、focus on

B、locate in

C、settle on

D、force on