摘要:考研英語語法是考研英語中的基礎(chǔ)部分,也是重要部分。希賽網(wǎng)小編為大家整理了“考研英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識點:倒裝語序是什么”,幫助各位考研人提升考研復(fù)習(xí)效率。
英語句子的語序一般是固定的:主語在前,謂語在后,這叫陳述語序。謂語的全部或一部分(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)放在主語之前的現(xiàn)象稱為倒裝。倒裝有兩種情況:語法倒裝和修辭倒裝。因為語法結(jié)構(gòu)而必須倒裝的,叫語法倒裝;為達到某種修辭目的而倒裝的,叫修辭倒裝。我們學(xué)習(xí)倒裝的主要目的是增加對英語句式多樣性的認識,以便在寫作和口語中使用,這也是我們學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的主要目的。
1、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句要倒裝
例如:
Shall I open the door? 要我開門嗎?
Are you cold? 你冷嗎?
Can you read this poem in German? 你能用德語朗誦這首詩嗎?
Which of the pictures do you like best? 你最喜歡哪張畫?
How are you getting along? 你目前怎么樣?
When will there be lasting peace in the world?
什么時候世界上才能有持久的和平?
2、There be 句型當(dāng)中。There be 句型表達的意思是:“某處有….”。這個句型的主語在謂語動詞后面,因此這是倒裝語序。
例如:
There are not many people who want to read this book.
想看這本書的人不多。
There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave.
在這個洞里曾經(jīng)住過一群狼。
There happened to be a taxi parked at the gate.
碰巧門口停著一輛出租車。
There is going to be a change in our arrangement.
我們的安排將有一個變化。
3、當(dāng)連詞as 表示“雖然、盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,句子要倒裝,as 相當(dāng)于though,可以替換。
如:
Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it.
盡管原子很小,我們可以擊碎它。
Tired as/though he was, he went on working.
(=Although he was very tired, he went on working.)
雖然他很累,他還是接著工作。
Cold as/though it was, we went out. 雖然天氣冷,我們還是出去了。
Child as/though she is, she knows a great deal.
她雖然是個孩子,但她懂得很多。
Teacher as he is, he knows little about teaching.
盡管他是個老師,但不懂什么教學(xué)。
Pilots as he claims he is, no one has ever seen him fly a plane.
盡管他聲稱是個飛行員,但誰也沒見過他非飛機。
注意后四句是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作表語并提前,習(xí)慣上不用冠詞。
4、虛擬語氣條件從句中的if 被省略時,要把從句中的were, had 或should 移到主語之前。(if 的省略、倒裝只限于從句中有were, had 或should這三個詞時。)
例如:
If I had been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
=Had I been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
如果我在你的位置,我不會這樣早放棄。
If he were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.
=Were he to succeed, the sun….
如果他能成功,太陽就會從西邊出來。
If you should be asked about this, say that you know nothing.
=Should you be asked about this, say……
如果有人問起你這件事,你就說你什么也不知道。
Were there no air or water, there would be no life on the earth.
如果沒有空氣和水,地球上就不會有生命。
Had you been more careful, you might have avoided the mistake.
如果你再細心點,本來事可以避免這個錯誤的。
5完全倒裝語序
完全倒裝語序是指將整個謂語動詞放在主語之前,形成倒裝句。完全倒裝語序的使用有以下幾種情況:
①.在句首表示某種強調(diào)或重要性。
例如:
Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.(我從未見過這樣美麗的日落。)
On no account should you be late for the meeting.(在任何情況下,你都不能遲到會議。)
② 當(dāng)句首出現(xiàn)副詞或短語,表示地點、時間、方式等時。
例如:
In the garden were some beautiful flowers.(花園里有一些美麗的花。)
At the top of the mountain stood a small hut.(山頂上有一個小木屋。)
③在主語為名詞詞組時,將名詞詞組放在句首,謂語動詞緊跟其后。
例如:
The best way to improve your English is to practice every day.(提高英語的最好方法是每天練習(xí)。)
My favorite hobby is reading books.(我最喜歡的愛好是看書。)
6、部分倒裝語序
部分倒裝語序是指將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前,形成倒裝句。部分倒裝語序的使用有以下幾種情況:
①. 當(dāng)表示否定的副詞或短語放在句首時,要將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前。
例如:
He does not like coffee. → Not only does he not like coffee, but he also hates it.(他不喜歡咖啡。 → 他不僅不喜歡咖啡,而且還討厭它。)
②. 當(dāng)表示條件的短語放在句首時,要將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前。
例如:
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. → Only if you study hard will you pass the exam.(如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會通過考試。 → 只有你努力學(xué)習(xí),你才能通過考試。)
③. 當(dāng)表示方式的副詞或短語放在句首時,要將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前。
例如:
With great care did he handle the antique vase.(他非常小心地處理古董花瓶。)
In silence did they walk along the river bank.(他們默默地沿著河岸走。)
總之,掌握倒裝語序的使用方法和規(guī)則可以幫助我們更好地理解和運用英語語法,提高英語閱讀和寫作能力!
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