2021年考研英語(yǔ)一模擬試題及答案解析（2）

本文是2021年考研英語(yǔ)一模擬試題(2)，適用于打算報(bào)考考研的考生備考使用，考研英語(yǔ)一即原研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)考“英語(yǔ)”，所有學(xué)術(shù)型碩士研究生和部分專業(yè)型碩士考英語(yǔ)(一).

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign： What happens when the robots come for their jobs?

Don‘t dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated， according to a University of Oxford study， with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don’t appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking， financial advice， software engineering — have aroused their interest， or soon will. The rich own the robots， so they will be fine.

This isn‘t to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn’t go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms， but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise， automation should eventually boost productivity， stimulate demand by driving down prices， and free workers from hard， boring work. But in the medium term， middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.

The first step， as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age， should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.

The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism： Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change， entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven‘t been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.

Finally， because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income， taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut， and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded： This would boost incomes， encourage work， reward companies for job creation， and reduce inequality.

Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years， yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.

21.Who will be most threatened by automation?

[A] Leading politicians.

[B]Low-wage laborers.

[C]Robot owners.

[D]Middle-class workers.

22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?

[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.

[B]Optimists‘ opinions on new tech find little support.

[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided

23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on

[A] creative potential.

[B]job-hunting skills.

[C]individual needs.

[D]cooperative spirit.

24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at

[A] encouraging the development of automation.

[B]increasing the return on capital investment.

[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.

[D]preventing the income gap from widening.

25.In this text， the author presents a problem with

[A] opposing views on it.

[B]possible solutions to it.

[C]its alarming impacts.

[D]its major variations.

Text 2

A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source， Not a president’s social media platform.

Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media， people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign， nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news， according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.

Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints，” the survey concluded.

Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia， Britain， and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.

Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error，” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words， the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem，” says Roxanne Stone， editor in chief at Barna Group.

So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president， they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.

26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2， many young Americans cast doubts on

[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.

[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.

[C] the administrations ability to handle information.

[D] social media was a reliable source of news.

27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2， Para. 2) is closest in meaning to

[A] sharpen

[B] define

[C] boast

[D] share

28. According to the knight foundation survey， young people

[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.

[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.

[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.

[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”

29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is

[A] readers outdated values.

[B] journalists’ biased reporting

[C] readers’ misinterpretation

[D] journalists’ made-up stories.

30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend

[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.

[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.

Text 3

Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain‘s National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great， but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner， Elizabeth Denham， has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS， which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy.

DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust， since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed“ it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation， not the mere possession of bits， that gives the data value.

The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.

The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can， big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham‘s report is a welcome start.

31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?

[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.

[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.

[C] It fell short of the latter‘s expectations

[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.

32. The NHS trust responded to Denham‘s verdict with

[A] empty promises.

[B] tough resistance.

[C] necessary adjustments.

[D] sincere apologies.

33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that

[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.

[B] leaking patients‘ data is worse than selling it.

[C] making profits from patients‘ data is illegal.

[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it

34.According to the last paragraph， the real worry arising from this deal is

[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.

[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.

[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.

[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.

35.The author‘s attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is

[A] ambiguous.

[B] cautious.

[C] appreciative.

[D] contemptuous.

Text 4

The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016， the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile， it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities， mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally， the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product， first-class mail， and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality

And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service， aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years， leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.

Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats， Republicans， the Postal Service， the unions and the system‘s heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years， which could help pay for new vehicles， among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care， thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.

If it clears the House， this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare， bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat， not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS， a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it， at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not， however， a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.

36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by

[A]. its unbalanced budget.

[B] .its rigid management.

[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.

[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.

37. According to Paragraph 2， the USPS fails to modernize itself due to

[A]. the interference from interest groups.

[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.

[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.

[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.

38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by

[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.

[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.

[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.

[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.

39.In the last paragraph， the author seems to view legislators with

[A] respect.

[B] tolerance.

[C] discontent.

[D] gratitude.

40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days

[B] .The Postal Service： Keep Away from My Cheese

[C] .The USPS： Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure

[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid

Part B

Directions：

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45， you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

A. In December of 1869， Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House， the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected， and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.

B. Completed in 1875， the State Department‘s south wing was the first to be occupied， with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876)， Diplomatic Reception Room， and Secretary’s office decorated with carved wood， Oriental rugs， and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879， where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.

C. The State， War， and Navy Building， as it was originally known， housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation‘s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation’s most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.

D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB‘s granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt， William Howard Taft， Dwight D. Eisenhower， Lyndon B. Johnson， Gerald Ford， and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy， 21 Secretaries of War， and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury， Alfred B. Mullett， it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State， War， and Navy Departments， and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.

F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished， it was the largest office building in Washington， with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4，000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.

G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866， the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、[答案]D Middle-class workers

[解析]根據(jù)題干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“the annoyi-ng challenge facing the middle class is one that...for their jobs”中的challenge和第二段的最后三句話，可以得知相對(duì)于低收入者和富人，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受到的沖擊最大.

22、[答案]C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

[解析]根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段中的首句“this isn’t to be alarmist”和末句“But ... middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting”，but轉(zhuǎn)折句再一次強(qiáng)調(diào)了作者的觀點(diǎn)，即中產(chǎn)階級(jí)工人需要很多幫助來(lái)調(diào)整應(yīng)對(duì)問題.同時(shí)，末句中”may need a lot of help”同義替換成選項(xiàng)C中的“need to be tackled”，自動(dòng)化帶來(lái)的問題需要被解決，得出C答案.

23、[答案]A creative potential

[解析]根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第四段第二句“Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication”.由該句可知，課程應(yīng)該更關(guān)注創(chuàng)造性和復(fù)雜的溝通而非記憶事實(shí).所以，應(yīng)該選C選項(xiàng)creative potential(創(chuàng)造潛能)，同義替換為creativity.

24、[答案]D preventing the income gap from widening

[解析]該題考查作者的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第六段第一句“Finally， because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income， taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought”.由該句可知，由于自動(dòng)化加大了資本收入和勞動(dòng)力收入的差距，所以應(yīng)該重新考慮稅收和安全網(wǎng)(保障措施)，即稅收政策應(yīng)該避免收入差距擴(kuò)大，選D選項(xiàng)preventing the income gap from widening.

25、[答案]B possible solutions to it

[解析]作者在文章第一、二段提出問題“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受自動(dòng)化危害最大”之后，第三段的末尾句提出中產(chǎn)階級(jí)需要幫助去適應(yīng)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，接下來(lái)第四段至第六段介紹解決方法，最后一段表明作者觀點(diǎn).所以應(yīng)該選B 選項(xiàng)possible solutions to it(解決問題的相應(yīng)方法).

Text 2

26、[答案][D] social media as a reliable source of news

[解析]雙段推理題.根據(jù)題目定位到第1段和第2段，雙段推理優(yōu)先考慮雙段主旨.第一段中心句為最后一句話：Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources， not a president’s social media platform.“千禧一代喜歡白宮直接發(fā)布的消息…而不是總統(tǒng)社交媒體發(fā)布的信息”，說(shuō)明他們不太信任社交媒體.第2段中心為第二句轉(zhuǎn)折之后，說(shuō)明對(duì)于社交媒體的不信任上升.故雙段中心都和他們不信任社交媒體相關(guān).結(jié)合以上信息，得出社交媒體信息不可靠，選擇D.

27、[答案][A] sharpen

[解析]詞匯釋義題.根據(jù)題目定位到第2段第2句：Yet as distrust has risen toward all media，people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills.句子的情感色彩判斷，因?yàn)槎禾?hào)前提到“人們對(duì)于所有媒體的不信任增加”，可以推知人們應(yīng)該開始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能，故選A.

28. [答案]B verify news by referring to diverse sources.

[解析]范例證明題.根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第二句話.因?yàn)槟稠?xiàng)研究一般是論據(jù)證明前面的論點(diǎn)，故答案應(yīng)該位于第一句話“Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from fiction in cyberspace.” 說(shuō)明答案應(yīng)該“和年輕人更容易把網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的事實(shí)和虛假信息區(qū)分開來(lái)”，故答案為B“驗(yàn)證新聞的真?zhèn)巍?為了精確可以在論據(jù)中去驗(yàn)證，論據(jù)中提到“verify stories”， “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different perspectives”，都是和多重角度驗(yàn)證信息真?zhèn)蜗嚓P(guān)的.

29. [答案]C readers’ misinterpretation

[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason對(duì)應(yīng)the top reason，而原文剩余信息為“reader error”， 所以應(yīng)該和讀者相關(guān).Error應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)misinterpretation， 故答案為C readers’ misinterpretation.若本句不清晰，下句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明答案的內(nèi)容，文中misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news進(jìn)一步印證C為正確答案.

30. [答案]A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

[解析]全文主旨題.本篇文章屬于篇首轉(zhuǎn)折，二段轉(zhuǎn)折之后為全文主旨，yet之后說(shuō)道：“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media， people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy skills”.“隨著對(duì)于所有媒體不信任的上升，人們開始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能”，故答案為A.為了驗(yàn)證，可以看篇末，篇末重申主題，so之后講道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president， they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.” 更進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和人們批判性看待社交媒體上的新聞相關(guān).

Text 3

31、[答案][B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights.

[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)題干中的NHS， DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner， has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS， which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy”.根據(jù)a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy這一部分的語(yǔ)義信息，說(shuō)明NHS與DeepMind之間的協(xié)議沒有充分考慮到病人的權(quán)利與隱私.這句話的言外之意就是協(xié)議未能充分關(guān)注病人的權(quán)利.故確定答案為選項(xiàng)B，其中failed to是took far too little account的同義改寫.

32、[答案][C] necessary adjustments.

[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)題干中的NHS trust， 以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways.” 根據(jù)第二句的語(yǔ)義信息，NHS trust針對(duì)Denham’s verdict已經(jīng)調(diào)整了其與DeepMind的協(xié)議內(nèi)容，故通過(guò)同義替換，可確定正確答案為C.

33、[答案][D] the value of data comes from the processing of it.

[解析]推理題.根據(jù)題干，此題定位在第二段最后一句but之后的轉(zhuǎn)折句.“But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation， not the mere possession of bits， that gives data value”. 這種區(qū)分忽視了一個(gè)點(diǎn)：是處理和收集賦予數(shù)據(jù)意義，而不是擁有數(shù)據(jù). 選項(xiàng)中的 “processing”和原文中的“processing”原詞復(fù)現(xiàn). 選項(xiàng)中的“the value of data”對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的“data value”.因此，D項(xiàng)為正確答案.

34、[答案][D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.

[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)題干此題定位在文中最后一段的第四句.“What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.”重要的是這些進(jìn)步屬于一個(gè)私人壟斷企業(yè)，而私人壟斷企來(lái)使用公共資源進(jìn)行研發(fā).而這正真正的擔(dān)憂所在.因此，選項(xiàng)D為正確答案， the monopoly of big data by tech giants對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的a private monopoly.

35、[答案][B] cautious

[解析]態(tài)度題.本題考查作者對(duì)本文主題“將人工智能應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療健康”的態(tài)度.根據(jù)順序性原則定位在最后一段.該段倒數(shù)第三句話指出“我們目前依然處于這一改革的前期，并且任何小的選擇都會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響”，其中“still”一詞，以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)對(duì)比，都體現(xiàn)出了作者對(duì)待整個(gè)事件是小心謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，因此[B] cautious為正確答案.

Text 4

36、[答案][B] its rigid management

[解析]根據(jù)題干判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié).第一段的前三句都是有關(guān)USPS的具體數(shù)字，屬于細(xì)節(jié)信息.第四句出現(xiàn)many reasons很多原因.緊接著下面就有fundamentally根本原因是， 所以定位在第一段的最后一句.然后分析這個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句，USPS 處在squeeze between 1 and 2，中，1是technological change， 2是structure. 2的structure后定語(yǔ)從句：denies management flexibility 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B： rigid management.

[干擾項(xiàng)分析]：選項(xiàng)A，budget文中未有涉及. 選項(xiàng)C，雖然有提到technological ，原文technological change 后的定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是：技術(shù)改革降低需求，并沒有提到cost成本問題.選項(xiàng)D，the withdrawal of bank support 銀行支持撤銷了，原文并沒有提及銀行支持，直接排除.

37、[答案][A] the interference from interest groups

[解析] 根據(jù)題干due to，判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié).根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞：USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句，在這句前l(fā)eaving，留下，導(dǎo)致這個(gè)結(jié)果，往前找原因，前一句提到reform legislation， 而且這句前還有this is why，只要找到代詞this指代就可以判斷選項(xiàng).代詞往前推，根據(jù)這句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress選擇選項(xiàng)A，interference 對(duì)應(yīng) exert pressure on.

[干擾項(xiàng)分析]選項(xiàng)B，the inadequate funding from Congress，原文雖然有提到Congress國(guó)會(huì)，the aspect of status quo get protected， 國(guó)會(huì)保護(hù)USPS，并沒有提及inadequate funding基金不足.選項(xiàng)C，the shrinking demand for postal service 郵政需求縮減，文中沒有提及.選項(xiàng)D， the incompetence of postal unions 郵政工會(huì)的不作為.文章有提到工會(huì)，但是只提他們是屬于Interest groups，并沒有提到無(wú)作為.

38、[答案][A] removing its burden of retiree health care

[解析] 因果細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)38題題干The long-standing complaint by the ....回文定位到第3段，最后一句：“ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care， thus....” .再根據(jù)題干中“ can be addressed by” 即：通過(guò)哪種方式解決，此處為解題要點(diǎn)，通過(guò)哪種方式來(lái)解決，前后明顯為結(jié)果與途徑的關(guān)系，即可理解為因果關(guān)系.文章此句后半句正是題干，thus前半句為答案The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care.與 A. B . C .D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)匹配后，正確答案為 A removing its burden of retiree health care.

39、[答案][C] discontent

[解析]根據(jù)題干可以判斷本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題.回文定位到最后一段.題干“the author seems to view legislators with”， 具體定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第2句：“ The emerging.....is a sign that legislators are getting frightened.......” 再根據(jù)題干，問作者最終態(tài)度，本段最后一句，轉(zhuǎn)折句是作者最終的態(tài)度：“ It is not， however， a sign that they’re getting serious about....” ， 即作者認(rèn)為他們并沒有認(rèn)真對(duì)待.所以此處作者態(tài)度為否定.匹配A B C D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng) 只有C discontent( 不滿)為負(fù)向信息，所以為正確答案.

40、[答案][D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid

[解析]根據(jù)題干特征詞“best title”，這是一道主旨題.根據(jù)前四道題問的主題，第一道題和第二道題是USPS出現(xiàn)了問題，并分析原因，第三道題給出解決方法，第四道題提到作者對(duì)于這個(gè)方法的態(tài)度，即提出問題—分析問題—解決問題，并在最后給出作者對(duì)這個(gè)解決方案的評(píng)價(jià).根據(jù)這個(gè)文章框架，首先A選項(xiàng)“USPS開始錯(cuò)過(guò)了它的好時(shí)光”，這只是提出問題，相對(duì)片面;B選項(xiàng)“USPS：不要?jiǎng)游业哪汤摇保?這是拒絕解決問題的態(tài)度，不符合文章的寫作思路;C選項(xiàng)“USPS：慢性病需要快方法”，這個(gè)chronic和quick都沒有在文中提到;D選項(xiàng)“USPS需要的不僅僅是權(quán)宜之計(jì)”，這說(shuō)的其實(shí)作者對(duì)于解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)，在文章最后一段.這段最后結(jié)尾有But，有however， “it[指代前文講的方法] is not a sign……”，對(duì)此作者表示否定態(tài)度.所以D選項(xiàng)為正確答案.

Part B

41、[答案] [E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB) commands a…

[解析] E段首先介紹EEOB的全稱，對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概述提出話題，可選為41題答案.同時(shí)，從給定選項(xiàng)C第一句提到the State， War，and Navy Building…，the在此特指，可以作為另一一個(gè)線索，在E選項(xiàng)中最后一句，復(fù)現(xiàn)了the State， War，and Navy Building....故41題答案選E.

42、[答案][G] The history of the EEOB began long before its…

[解析]C選項(xiàng)最后一句談到了many historic events(建筑內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)了歷史事件)，而G選項(xiàng)第一句提到了the history of the EEOB…(EEOB的歷史...)，意思一致，承上啟下，故42題答案選G.

43、[答案][A] In December of 1869， Congress appointed…

[解析]確定G后，根據(jù)G選項(xiàng)最后一句，...the demolition of the State Department Building(談到拆除the State Department Building)， 而A選項(xiàng)中談到了select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department，建立一個(gè)新的State Department Building，前后意思順接，故43題答案選A.

44、[答案][B] Completed in 1875， the State Department’s south wing…

[解析] 根據(jù)給定的F段，首句是段落大意，該句提到了...as the building slowly rose wing by wing(該建筑逐翼展開). 而B選項(xiàng)第一句談到了...south wing was the first to be occupied(首先坐落在南翼)，然后在B選項(xiàng)最后一句又談到...moved into the east wing(之后又移至東翼). 先在F段總起，再在B段中分說(shuō)，前后對(duì)應(yīng)，故44題答案選B.

45、[答案][D] Many of the most celebrated national figures…

[解析] B段結(jié)尾處談到了where elaborate wall…decorated the office of the Secretary(這些精美的墻....裝飾了秘書處的辦公室)，而D段第一句提到了...that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls(歷史事件在這些EEOB的墻上呈現(xiàn))， the wall原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，兩句話意思一致，故45題答案選D.