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Section II Reading Comprehension

Directions: Read the following six texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Text 1

More than two million films lie in storerooms around the world, some of them so badly damaged that they can no longer be screened. If nothing is done, they could disappear for good, like half the films made in the US before 1950. But research promises an automated technique, to restore these old films to their former glory.

Films can be cleaned chemically or by using ultrasound. But this is time-consuming and expensive, and chemicals can also damage the original films. Another approach is to digitize the film and then clean up the digital version frame by frame—a terrible job. When Disney cleaned up Snow White for release on DVD, for instance, graphic artists worked in shifts on 40 computers day and night for 18 weeks.

“These computer-aided techniques remain very expensive,” says Samia Boukir, who started work on an automated system, “only an automated system can hope to salvage the archive of deteriorating films.”

Once a film has been scanned in, the first stage of the process is to find dust spots. They usually occur only on single frames, so the system looks for small spots that are visible on one frame and absent on its neighbors. The software repairs the image by sampling the unspoilt area of the image on the adjacent frames and replacing the dust spot with an average of the sampled picture element.

Detecting scratches is more complicated because they may run over several frames and can be confused with vertical lines that are part of the film. But a telltale pattern often gives them away: scratches are normally caused by the mechanical parts of a projector rubbing on the film, so they tend to repeat at regular intervals.

The system looks for a periodic pattern of this type from frame to frame, predicting when it should occur in the subsequent frames. Having identified the scratch and its duration, the software then repairs the damage by taking picture element from undamaged frames before and after the scratch. This smoothing effect avoids any sharp edges in the restored image.

Once restored, the digitized films can be viewed by future generations without risking more damage to the original by running it through a projector. “Film has a hundred-year history, but the knowledge of how to store it properly is only 15 years old,” says Godfrey Pye of Sunset Digital, a Hollywood-based company.

31. From the second paragraph we learn that _____.

A. there have been many methods to clean up the films

B. Disney repaired the damage of Snow White for profit

C. chemical cleaning and the use of ultrasound have the same effect

D. cleaning digitalized film is considered feasible in film restoration

32. What is Samia Boukir’s attitude towards automated restoration of the film?

A. Neutral.

B. Negative.

C. Positive.

D. Indifferent.

33. What is the characteristic of the distribution of dust spots on the films?

A. The spots are in the unspoilt area of the image.

B. The spots are on the average sampled picture element.

C. The spots cannot appear on two adjacent frames at the same time.

D. The spots are on the frame that is visible.

34. The following statements is the reasons why scratches are hard to be detected _____.

A. the scratches appear at order intervals

B. it is easy to distinguish vertical lines and scratches

C. the scratches can extend to several frames

D. the shape of scratches is different from some parts of the film

35. By saying that “without risking more damage to the original by running it through a projector”, (L.1-2, Para. 7) the author means that _____.

A. later use may not cause new damage to the films after restoration

B. there is no environmental risk in repairing the original films

C. the restored films have perfect visual effect

D. the projector has the function of protecting the restored films