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預(yù)測(cè)話題：研究表明作息時(shí)間 影響青少年大腦發(fā)育

中文材料

人們的睡眠模式在青少年時(shí)期會(huì)發(fā)生變化。許多青少年從早起的“百靈鳥(niǎo)”變成了“夜貓子”。他們感覺(jué)在晚上更有效率，警覺(jué)性更高，但睡得更晚，第二天醒得也更晚。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在青春期早期（大約12一13歲）轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤耙公C子的青少年更有可能在幾年后出現(xiàn)行為問(wèn)題，包括更大的攻擊性、違反規(guī)則和反社會(huì)行為，但他們發(fā)生情緒問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并沒(méi)有增加，比如焦慮或情緒低落。

新研究還表明，早起的“百靈鳥(niǎo)”和晚睡的“夜貓子”的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)育速度不同，包括灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)的差異，這與記憶、情緒健康、注意力和同理心的差異有關(guān)?！耙关堊印鼻嗌倌甑哪X白質(zhì)沒(méi)有增加到與早起的青少年相同的程度。事實(shí)上，在青少年時(shí)期，腦白質(zhì)的發(fā)育對(duì)于支持認(rèn)知、情感和行為的發(fā)展非常重要。(306字)

專業(yè)詞匯

青少年時(shí)期 adolescence

焦慮或情緒低落 anxiety or depression

參考譯文

Sleep Schedule Affects Brain Development of Teenagers

People's sleep patterns will shift during adolescence.A lot of teenagers have transformed from "larks",-who get up early to work or study,-to "night owls",-who stay up very late at night,-because they feel more productive and aware at night,which makes them go to bed very late and wake up very late the next day.

A study found that those adolescents who has become "night owls"in early adolescence (between the ages of 12 and 13)were more likely to experience behavioral issues later on,such as increased aggression,rule-breaking,and antisocial behavior,but they were not more likely to experience emotional issues like anxiety or depression.

According to recent studies,the brains of"larks"and "night owls"have different structures and speeds of growth,including variations in the amount of gray and white matter,which are associated with variations in memory,emotional well-being,attention and empathy.The amount of white matter in the brain of those teenagers who sleep very late at night hasn't been increased to the same amount as that of those teenagers who get up early in the morning.In reality,in adolescence,the growth of white matter in one's brain is of great significance to the development of cognition,emotion and behaviors.