考博英語翻譯句式：并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)

英語常用并列連詞，如and， but， so， yet， for， nor， or， not only…but also， either…or或 neither…nor等連接兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)同等成分，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。連接的同等成分可以是兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語、兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)名詞的定語、兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)介詞短語等。如果并列連詞連接的是兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡單句，則構(gòu)成一個(gè)并列句，使用并列結(jié)構(gòu)可以使文字簡潔，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，并避免重復(fù)。

1. But the individualist approach， by attacking gender roles， denying the significance of physiological difference， and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal， has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women.

分析：句中由by引導(dǎo)的三個(gè)并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)表示原因。treated as…結(jié)構(gòu)使用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)閠he family roles后面有修飾成分，故將其置后。

譯文：而個(gè)人主義的方法由于攻擊性別角色，否定生理差別的重要性，攻擊現(xiàn)存的家庭體制是不可救藥的父權(quán)制，結(jié)果把對(duì)許多婦女來說非常重要的家庭角色完全視為無關(guān)緊要了。

2. There is no complete inventory of positions or people in federal service at this level. The lack may be explained by separate agency statutes and personnel systems， diffusion among so many special services， and the absence of any central point (short of President himself) with jurisdiction over all upper-level personnel of the government.

分析：介詞by 后面的separate…personnel systems， diffusion…special services和the absence of…the government為三個(gè)并列成分。表示缺少詳細(xì)記載的原因。句中一些詞要轉(zhuǎn)譯。

譯文：這個(gè)級(jí)別的聯(lián)邦政府官員和職位沒有完整的記載。對(duì)此(缺少詳細(xì)記載)所做的解釋可能是，各部門的條例和人事制度各不相同，分布的特殊服務(wù)部門太多并缺少一個(gè)中心機(jī)構(gòu)(總統(tǒng)本人除外)來管理所有的政府高級(jí)官員。

3. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer， who must buy， not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell.

分析：動(dòng)詞consider 后面的賓語是the wants of the customer。 非限定性定語從句who must buy… 修飾the customer，not the thing …but the thing…是并列成分。

4. The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting， classifying， assigning， or promoting students， employees， and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books， magazines， the daily press， and even in Congress.

分析：該句中，to aid in 后面跟了四個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞，而四個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞后又跟了三個(gè)并列的賓語。

譯文：廣泛用來借以對(duì)學(xué)生、雇員和軍事人員進(jìn)行選拔、分類、分配任務(wù)或提拔的教育或心理方面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試，最近受到了書報(bào)雜志，甚至國會(huì)的抨擊。

5. The lack of insistence on personal honor， the surface informality， the disparaging responses to compliments， and willingness to admit mistakes are part of the egalitarian tradition， as are the Americans’ pride in what they have been able to achieve and their criticism of things that fall short of perfection.

分析：該句的主句由四個(gè)并列的名詞短語做主語，即The lack of insistence…，the surface informality， the disparaging responses…和willingness to admit mistakes。另外，值得一提的是， as 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句使用了倒裝語序。這是為了保持句子平衡。

譯文：美國人一方面對(duì)所取得的成就感到自豪，一方面又對(duì)未臻完美的事物進(jìn)行批評(píng)，這是其平等主義傳統(tǒng)的一部分;同樣，他們不堅(jiān)持個(gè)人的面子，不拘表面的禮節(jié)，對(duì)別人的稱贊采取自貶的態(tài)度，以及愿意承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，也是其平等主義傳統(tǒng)的一部分。

6. Green， hilly， with abundant trees， it was a beautiful country， the Virginia-Kentucky border territory——or would have been， except for the mines.

分析：和it was a beautiful country 并列的分句(it) would have been是虛擬語氣，后面省略了a beautiful country。Green， hilly， with abundant trees修飾a beautiful country，放在主句前是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)。

7. That is why women remain children their whole life long： never seeing anything but what is quite close to them， clinging to the present moment， taking appearance for reality， and preferring trifles to matters of the first importance.

分析：該句中，四個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，做狀語。對(duì)前面的表語從句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。

譯文：那就是為什么婦女一生都不成熟：從來都只看見眼前的事情，都只抓住眼前的一刻，都把表面當(dāng)本質(zhì)，都傾心于瑣事而放過至關(guān)重要的事。

8. But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness， not to the absolute supply of money available to the poor， and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a larger supply of goods and services， the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely， unless accompanied by other measures， to be ineffective in a wealthy society.

分析：該句有兩個(gè)并列的由and 連接的原因狀語從句，都是由since引導(dǎo)，available to the poor修飾money， purchasable with a given supply of money修飾the amount of power。主句中的從句unless accompanied by other measures分割了is likely和to be ineffective in a wealthy society。

譯文：但是，既然貧窮與窮人可得到的貨幣絕對(duì)供應(yīng)量無關(guān)，而是無權(quán)力所造成的，既然用一定量的貨幣所能購買的權(quán)力量隨著一個(gè)社會(huì)獲得的商品和服務(wù)量的增加而下降，那么提高窮人收入的解決辦法在一個(gè)富裕社會(huì)很可能不會(huì)奏效，除非同時(shí)采取其他的措施。

9. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it， of not being conscious of health until we are ill.

分析：old story是句子的表語，后面有兩個(gè)介詞短語做定語。它們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)上是相同的，在連詞until后面都有狀語從句。翻譯時(shí)也要譯成兩個(gè)平行的句子。