摘要:考博英語(yǔ)試題題型包括詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)、完形填空、閱讀理解、漢英互譯、作文題,希賽網(wǎng)整理收集了2021年考博英語(yǔ)翻譯備考:增譯法,供大家復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)參考。
增譯法:英漢兩種語(yǔ)言由于詞法和句法有差異,表達(dá)方式也不盡相同,翻譯時(shí)為了使譯文合乎漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣和表達(dá)規(guī)律,為了使意思更加明確,從意義、修辭和句法上考慮需要在譯文中適當(dāng)增添一些雖無(wú)其詞而有其意的詞。
1)抽象名詞后加詞使其具體化。如:
serious unemployment 嚴(yán)重的失業(yè)問(wèn)題
He was still reluctant to talk substance. 他仍然不愿意談實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。
2)增加一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)拿~。如:
The temperature needed for this progressing is lower than that needed to melt the metal.這種加工方法所需要的溫度要低于熔化該金屬的溫度。
Fundamentally, electronics is based upon an understanding of the physical world, that is, upon physics.
電子學(xué)基本上是以人們對(duì)物質(zhì)世界的認(rèn)識(shí),也就是以物理學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的。(補(bǔ)充被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)省去的部分)
3)增加數(shù)量詞。如: first oil well 第一口油井
It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.
這種說(shuō)法從一開(kāi)始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端,它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物:要么像對(duì)人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒,要么完全冷漠無(wú)情。(真題示范)
4)增加形容詞。如:
Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computers.速度快,可靠性高是電子計(jì)算機(jī)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
5)不及物動(dòng)詞后增加賓語(yǔ)。如:
John's mother washed for a living after his father died.
約翰的父親去世后,他母親以洗衣為生。
I haven't enough time to read.我沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間讀書。
6)增加連詞。如:
If you are an energetic man with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical.
如果你是個(gè)精力充沛的人,對(duì)于如何恰當(dāng)?shù)赝瓿赡愕墓ぷ饔兄?dú)到的見(jiàn)解,那么你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己總是聽(tīng)命于上面的某個(gè)大人物。而他又是一個(gè)上了年紀(jì),精力不支,還愛(ài)吹毛求疵的人。
7)增加表示時(shí)態(tài)的詞。如:
You were, you are, and you remain to be my beloved mentor.你過(guò)去是,現(xiàn)在是,將來(lái)仍然是我敬愛(ài)的導(dǎo)師。
We were hoping to have a holiday next week, but we may not be able to get away now.
我們?cè)瓉?lái)盼著下星期放假,但現(xiàn)在我們可能走不了了。
8)增加一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞。如:
The world needn't be afraid of a possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas or other resources of fuel for the future.
世界無(wú)需擔(dān)心將來(lái)可能出現(xiàn)的煤、石油、天然氣或者其他燃料來(lái)源短缺的問(wèn)題。
9)增加英語(yǔ)中省略的詞。如:
We won't retreat, we never have and never will.
我們不會(huì)后退,我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有后退過(guò),將來(lái)也決不后退。
When the owner noticed me, I said I was working until he hired me. He did.
當(dāng)?shù)曛髯⒁獾轿視r(shí),我說(shuō)我會(huì)一直干到他雇我,他雇了我。
10)增加一些適當(dāng)修飾詞語(yǔ)。如:
The students rant all the way up to the station only to find that the train had left 10 minutes before.
學(xué)生們一路跑到火車站,可惜火車10分鐘前就開(kāi)走了。
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