考博英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：就近一致關(guān)系

就近一致原則”(Proximity），即：謂語(yǔ)與靠近的bai名詞、代詞（有時(shí)不一定是主語(yǔ)）在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。下面為大家詳細(xì)介紹英語(yǔ)考試中三種常見(jiàn)的就近一致原則。

1.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常和最臨近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。

例如：Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他來(lái)做這件事。

Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你，湯姆上課也遲到。

Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.

孩子們和老師都不知道這件事。

2.當(dāng)there be結(jié)構(gòu)后面有并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)也和最臨近的那個(gè)一致。

如：There is a dictionary and many books on the table.

桌子上有一本詞典和許多本書(shū)。

There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.

屋子里有十把椅子和一張桌子。

Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.

這兒有一支筆，幾個(gè)信封和一些紙給你。

這種就近一致的情況在非正式文體中越來(lái)越普遍。但在下列情況不提倡模訪。

如：Where is your mother and sisters?

你媽媽和你姐妹到哪兒去了?

Is your sister and her husband coming to see you?

你姐姐和姐夫要來(lái)看你嗎?

One in ten are expected to take part in the contest.

預(yù)計(jì)每十個(gè)人就有一個(gè)要來(lái)參加這次比賽。

3.做主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞后接with，together with，along with，as well as等短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般和前面名詞或代詞一致。這些短語(yǔ)前后可用可不用逗號(hào)。

如：A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital

一個(gè)婦女抱著個(gè)嬰兒正向醫(yī)院走來(lái)。

The girl, as well as the bays , has learned to drive a car.

這個(gè)姑娘和那些那孩子一樣也學(xué)會(huì)了開(kāi)汽車。

(四)代詞一致

代詞一致是指句子中代詞應(yīng)在數(shù)、性、人稱等方面彼此保持一致，

如：One must do one' s best to increase production.

Everybody talked at the tap of his/their voice.

If anyone calls, tell him I' 11 be back in a moment. (him也可用him or her代替)