武漢大學(xué)考博英語真題

真題的作用很大。一般是復(fù)習(xí)到最后的階段要用的參考資料。各高?？疾┯⒄Z真題一般講比較有借鑒價值，你可以根據(jù)歷年的出題情況來了解考博英語題目呈現(xiàn)出什么樣的命題趨勢，而且也能有一個大概的預(yù)測作用，知道命題組一般偏愛什么類型的考題，看看對你有好處的！下面是希賽網(wǎng)考博英語頻道為大家整理的武漢大學(xué)考博英語真題，一起來練習(xí)下吧。

Part A

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese．

Computers are permeating almost every aspect of our lives, including many areas previously untouched by technology. 1. But unlike such other pervasive technologies as electricity, television and the motor car, computers are on the whole less reliable and less predictable in their behavior. This is because they are discrete state digital electronic devices that are prone to total and catastrophic failure. Computer systems, when they are “down,” are completely down, unlike electromechanical devices, which may be only partially down and are thus partially usable．

Computers enable enormous quantities of information to be stored, retrieved, and transmitted at great speed on a scale not possible before. 2. This is all very well, but it has serious implications for data security and personal privacy because computers are inherently insecure. The recent activities of hackers and data thieves in the United States, Germany, and Britain have shown how all-too-easy it still is to break into even the most-sophisticated financial and military systems. The list of scares perpetrated by the new breed of hi-tech criminals, ranging from fraud in airline-ticket reservations to the reprogramming of the chips inside mobile phones, is growing daily．

Computer systems are often incredibly complex-so complex, in fact, that they are not always understood even by their creators (although few are willing to admit it). This often makes them completely unmanageable. Unmanageable complexity, can result in massive foul-ups or spectacular budget “runaways.” For example, Jeffrey Rothfeder in Business Week reports that Bank of America in 1988 had to abandon a $ 20-million computer system after spending five years and a further $ 60 million trying to make it work. Allstate Insurance saw the cost of its new system rise from $ 8 million to a staggering $ 100 million and estimated completion was delayed from 1987 to 1903. Moreover, the problem seems to be getting worse: in 1988 the American Arbitration. Association took on 190 computer disputes, most of which involved defective systems. The claims totaled $ 200 million—up from only $ 31 million in 1984．

3．Complexity can also result in disaster: no computer is 100 percent guaranteed because it is virtually impossible to anticipate all sorts of critical applications, such as saving lives, flying air craft, running nuclear power stations, transferring vast sums of money, and controlling missile systems—sometimes with tragic consequences. For example, between 1982 and 1987, some twenty-two servicemen died in five separate crashes of the United States Air Force's sophisticated Blackhawk helicopter before the problem was traced to its computer-based “fly-by-wire” system. At least two people died after receiving overdoses of radiation emitted by the computerized. There are 25 X-ray machines, and there are many other examples of fatal computer-based foul-ups．

Popular areas for less life-threatening computer malfunctions include telephone billing and telephone switching software, bank statements and bank-teller machines, electronic funds-transfer systems, and motor-vehicle license data bases. Although computers have often taken the “blame” on these occasions, the ultimate cause of failure in most cases is, in fact, human error．

Every new technology creates new problems—as well as new benefits--for society, and computers are no exception. 4. But digital computers have rendered society especially vulnerable to hardware and software malfunctions. Sometimes industrial robots go crazy, while heart pacemakers and automatic garage door openers are rendered useless by electromagnetic radiation or “electronic smog” emitted from point-of-sale terminals, personal computers, and video games. Automated teller machines (ATMs) and pumps at gas stations are closed down because of unforeseen software snafus．

The cost of all this downtime is huge. 5. For example, it has been reported that British businesses suffer around thirty major mishaps a year. revolving losses running into millions of pounds. These are caused by machine or human error and do not include human misuse in the form of fraud and sabotage. The cost of failures in domestically produced software in the United Kingdom alone is conservatively estimated at $ 900 million per year. In 1989, a British Computer Society committee, reported that much software was now so complex that current skills in safety assessment were inadequate and that therefore the safety of people could not be guaranteed．

Part B

Direction： Translate the following short paragraph into English and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．

1．一位負責(zé)扶貧工作的官員說，到2004年底，盡管大多數(shù)貧困人口將解決溫飽問題，還將有一些生活極端貧困的人們，他們還需要政府的資助。此外，對于那些剛剛脫貧的人們，他們目前的生活狀況必須改善，因為他們的生產(chǎn)和生活狀況沒有從根本上被改變。如果遭受自然災(zāi)害的襲擊，就可能回到原來的貧困狀況。另外，現(xiàn)在的貧困線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常低，要使全體中國人過更好的生活，長期的艱苦斗爭將必不可少。

2．中國的飲食方式正在發(fā)生許多變化。眾所周知，中國的飲食文化具有悠久的歷史。人們采用肉、蔬菜、豆制品等能做出各種美味食品，但往往耗時多。這一點與快節(jié)奏的現(xiàn)代社會極不相符。如今我們有了許多不同的選擇：除傳統(tǒng)家常菜外，還有營養(yǎng)保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。由于午休時間短，人們不愿在吃上花時間，因而各種快捷、便宜的快餐成了人們，特別是年輕人的首選。

KEY

Part A

1．但與其他滲透性技術(shù)如電力、電視和汽車不同的是，電腦行為總體上更不可靠、更不可預(yù)測。這是因為它們是處于分離狀態(tài)的數(shù)學(xué)電子裝置，容易引起總體的、災(zāi)難性崩潰。電腦系統(tǒng)一旦發(fā)生故障，就會全面癱瘓。它們與電動機械裝置不同，電動機械裝置有可能只發(fā)生局部故障，剩下的部分仍可使用。

2．這(電腦能儲存、檢索和傳遞大量信息，且速度之快前所未有)固然很好，但這卻嚴重關(guān)系到資料的安全性和個人隱私，因為電腦本身是不安全的。最近美國、德國、英國的黑客和資料竊賊闖入最復(fù)雜的金融和軍事系統(tǒng)也是易如反掌，新型的高科技罪犯布下的令人恐慌的騙局日益增多，這些騙局包括在訂機票中做手腳和重編移動電話芯片的程序等。

3．復(fù)雜性也會造成災(zāi)難：沒有哪臺電腦是百分之百可以得到保障的，因為要預(yù)料到所有的主要用途，如拯救生命、駕駛航天飛機、管理核電站、進行大筆資金轉(zhuǎn)賬、控制導(dǎo)彈系統(tǒng)等幾乎都是不可能的——有時還會造成悲劇。例如，1982年到1987年間，在美國軍事先進的“黑鷹”直升飛機的五次失事中，大約有22名軍人死于非命。后來，失事的原因追查到電腦控制“有線飛行”系統(tǒng)。

4．但數(shù)字化電腦已使社會特別容易受硬件和軟件故障的影響。有時工業(yè)機器人會發(fā)狂，同時心臟起搏器和自動車庫門開啟器會被銷售終端機、個人電腦和電視游戲機釋放出的電磁射線或“電子煙霧”所損壞。

5．例如，據(jù)報道，英國企業(yè)每年約遭受30起大災(zāi)難，損失達幾百萬英鎊。這些損失是由機器或人為的失誤引起的，這還不包括以騙局和破壞形式進行的人為濫用。根據(jù)保守的估計，僅英國國內(nèi)制作的軟件的故障造成的損失每年是9億美元。

Part B

1．An official in charge of poverty-relief work has pointed out that by the end of 2004, although the majority of poor people will have resolved their food and clothing problems, there will still be some people living in extreme poverty, who are still in need of the government's financial support. Furthermore, the present living conditions must be improved for those who have just freed themselves from poverty. These people may fall back into poverty if hit by natural disasters since their production and living conditions have not been changed fundamentally. Besides, the current standard for the poverty line is quite low, and a long-term hard struggle will be required to ensure a better life for the Chinese people as a whole．

2．Many changes are taking place in China's diet style. As is known to all, China has a long history in her diet culture. Chinese people often spend a lot of time in making all sorts of delicious food by using meat, vegetables, bean products and so on, which is extremely incompatible with the fast pace of modern society. Nowadays we have many varieties of choices: nutrition-balanced and healthy food, convenient and delicious fast food in addition to traditionally homemade meal. Because of the short break at noon, people tend to spend less time on lunch. Thus cheaper fast food has become a favorite of Chinese people, especially youngsters．