2021年考博英語(yǔ)翻譯專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)（十三）

考博英語(yǔ)翻譯題一般包括英譯漢題、漢譯英題。其中漢譯英要求考生能將一篇社會(huì)、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)或科技類(lèi)漢語(yǔ)短文譯成英語(yǔ)，要求譯文忠實(shí)原文，無(wú)明顯誤譯、漏譯；譯文通順，用詞正確、表達(dá)基本無(wú)誤，無(wú)明顯語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤；總量為150個(gè)左右漢字。英譯漢要求考生能將一篇英語(yǔ)社會(huì)、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技等為背景的英語(yǔ)短文譯成漢語(yǔ)，要求譯文忠實(shí)原文，無(wú)明顯誤譯、漏譯；譯文通順，用詞正確、表達(dá)基本無(wú)誤，無(wú)明顯語(yǔ)病；總量為100個(gè)左右單詞。為幫助大家更好的備考這類(lèi)翻譯題型，小編為大家整理了部分院校的往年考博英語(yǔ)翻譯真題（中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院），一起來(lái)練習(xí)下吧。

Direction: Write your translations in your answer sheet．

Part A

Translate the underlined sentences into good Chinese. (15 ％)

Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they are propelled into the midst of it by their own aging and that of relatives and friends. Aging is the neglected stepchild of the human life cycle. Though we have begun to examine the socially taboo subjects of dying and death, we have leaped over that long period of time preceding death known as old age. In truth, it is easier to manage the problem of death than the problem of living as an old person. Death is a dramatic, one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with powerful external and internal forces, a bittersweet coming to terms with one's own personality and one's life. (1)

We base our feelings on primitive fears, prejudice and stereotypes rather than on knowledge and insight. In reality, the way one experiences old age is contingent upon circumstances of late-life events (in what order they occur, how they occur, when they occur) and the social supports one receives: adequate finances, shelter, medical care, social roles, religious support, recreation. (2) All of these are crucial and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life．

Old age is neither inherently miserable nor inherently sublime——like every stage of life it has problems, joys, fears and potentials. The process of aging and eventual death must ultimately be accepted as the natural progression of the life cycle, the old completing their prescribed life spans and making way for the young. (3) Much that is unique in old age in fact derives from the reality of aging and the imminence of death. The old must clarify and find use for what they have attained in a lifetime of learning and adapting; they must conserve strength and resources where necessary and adjust creatively to those changes and losses that occur as part of the aging experience. (4) The elderly have the potential for qualities of human reflection and observation which can only come from having lived an entire life span. There is a lifetime accumulation of personality and experience which is available to be used and enjoyed. (5)

Part B

Translate the following sentences into good English. (15％)

1．實(shí)行改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)改變了過(guò)去封閉半封閉狀態(tài)，提高了我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。

2．文化是某一特定人群所有傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗、信仰和各種生活方式的總和。

3．一個(gè)的婦女通過(guò)她們的生活方式塑造了這個(gè)的道德、宗教和政治。

4．幫助真正的窮人，要比僅僅縮小貧富差距更有價(jià)值。幫助下層社會(huì)的人重新回到社會(huì)主流中來(lái)，符合所有人的利益。

5．推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)、完成祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一、維護(hù)世界和平與促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展，是中國(guó)人民在新世紀(jì)的三大歷史任務(wù)。

KEY

Part A

(1)死亡是富有戲劇性的、一次性危機(jī)，而老年則是一天天、一年年地與強(qiáng)大的內(nèi)外力量抗?fàn)帯Ｒ环N苦樂(lè)摻半的逐漸適當(dāng)自己老年時(shí)的個(gè)性和生活的過(guò)程。

(2)事實(shí)上，一個(gè)人老年經(jīng)歷如何是因下列因素而異的：身體健康狀況、性格、早年經(jīng)歷、晚年事變的具體情形(這些事變發(fā)生之先后、情況及具體時(shí)間)及他得到的社會(huì)支持，如是否有足夠的金錢(qián)、住處、醫(yī)療、社會(huì)任務(wù)、宗教支持、文化娛樂(lè)。

(3)年老的過(guò)程及最后的死亡必須從根本上被看作是生命周期的自然進(jìn)程，老人結(jié)束他們各自的壽數(shù)，為年輕人讓路。

(4)老人必須弄清自己畢生學(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)的收獲并加以利用，他們必須在必要時(shí)，保持精力和物力，并創(chuàng)造性地使自己適應(yīng)于衰老過(guò)程中必定會(huì)經(jīng)歷的變化與損失。

(5)在一生中積累形成的品格與經(jīng)驗(yàn)老年時(shí)間可以受益。

Part B

1．Since China started to implement the policy of opening up to the outside, its total or semi-closure has been changed and the level of its economy and technology has been raised．

2．Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings．

3．The women of a nation mold its morals, its religion, and its politics by the lives they live．

4．Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities. And helping the lower class rejoin mainstream of society is in the interests of all．

5．To continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification of the motherland, and to safeguard wold peace and promote common development are the three historical tasks of the Chinese people in the new century．