2021年考博英語翻譯專項練習（九）

考博英語翻譯題一般包括英譯漢題、漢譯英題。其中漢譯英要求考生能將一篇社會、文化、經濟或科技類漢語短文譯成英語，要求譯文忠實原文，無明顯誤譯、漏譯；譯文通順，用詞正確、表達基本無誤，無明顯語法錯誤；總量為150個左右漢字。英譯漢要求考生能將一篇英語社會、文化、經濟、科技等為背景的英語短文譯成漢語，要求譯文忠實原文，無明顯誤譯、漏譯；譯文通順，用詞正確、表達基本無誤，無明顯語病；總量為100個左右單詞。為幫助大家更好的備考這類翻譯題型，小編為大家整理了部分院校的往年考博英語翻譯真題（電子科技大學），一起來練習下吧。

Translate the underlined sentences in the passage into Chinese. Please write the Chinese sentences on the Answer Sheet．

The price we pay for this salutary change is, no doubt, great. We assemble thousands of operative in the factory, and in the mine, of whom the employer can know little or nothing, and to whom he is little better than a myth. All intercourse between them is at an end. Rigid castes are formed, and, as usual, mutual ignorance breeds mutual distrust. Each case is without sympathy with the other, and ready to credit anything disparaging in regard to it. (76) Under the law of competition, the mployer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently, and often there is friction between the employer and the employed, between capital and labor, between rich and poor. Human society loses homogeneity．

(77) The price Which society pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is also great, but the advantages of this law are greater still than its cost, for it is to this law that we owe our wonderful material development, which brings improved conditions in its train. But, whether the law be benign or not, we must say of it, as we say of the change in the conditions of men to which we have referred

It is here; we cannot evade it; of the effect of any new substitutes for it proposed we can not be sure; (78)and while the law may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department. (79)We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment; the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial to the future progress of the race. Having accepted these, it follows that there must be great scope for the expertise of special ability in the merchant and in the manufacturer who has to conduct affairs upon great scale. (80)That this talent for organization and management is rare among men is proved by the fact that it invariably secures enormous regards for its possessors, no matter where or under what laws or condition．

KEY

76．在競爭法則下，成千上萬的雇主不得不實行一些最嚴厲的措施。在這些節(jié)約措施中，付給工人的工資首當其沖。這樣，雇主和雇員之間，勞資雙方之間以及富人和窮人之間就常有摩擦。

77．社會支付給競爭法的代價，就像它支付給廉價的舒適品和奢侈品一樣，代價昂貴；但是競爭法的好處高于它的代價，因為正是這種競爭法，我們才能擁有如此的物質發(fā)展，引來生活水平的改善。

78．雖然優(yōu)勢這一法則對個人來說可能是很難的，但是它適應于人類，因為它保證了人類在各個領域都能適者生存。

79．因此，我們接受并歡迎環(huán)境的不平等，商業(yè)、工業(yè)在少數人手里的集中，以及法則在這些人之中引起的競爭，我們把這看作是必須適應的條件，因為這對人類的未來發(fā)展有利。

80．無論是在什么地方，身處什么法則或條件下，具有組織管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊榮，這一事實證明了這種能力只有少數人擁有。