2021年考博英語(yǔ)翻譯專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（五）

考博英語(yǔ)中的漢譯英題型一般是要求考生能將一篇社會(huì)、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)或科技類漢語(yǔ)短文譯成英語(yǔ)，要求譯文忠實(shí)原文，無明顯誤譯、漏譯；譯文通順，用詞正確、表達(dá)基本無誤，無明顯語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤；總量為150個(gè)左右漢字。該題型難度較大，旨在測(cè)試考生漢譯英的能力，重點(diǎn)考查考生用英語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確再現(xiàn)漢語(yǔ)原文思想和內(nèi)容的能力。為幫助大家更好的備考這類翻譯題型，小編為大家整理了部分院校的往年考博英語(yǔ)翻譯真題（四川大學(xué)），一起來練習(xí)下吧。

Part A (20%, 20 minutes)

Direction: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on the ANSWER SHEET．

The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. The difference between the operations and methods of a baker weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist by means of his balance is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former．

Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion of a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena．

Part B (20%, 20 minutes)

Direction: Translate the following sentences into English and write your English version on the ANSWER SHEET．

1．荷花居污泥而不染，若為怕水污而種在旱地上，它早就枯死了。人生也一樣，避惡、避丑、避邪，只能說明自己心靈脆弱。

2．任何時(shí)候我們都必須堅(jiān)持尊重社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律與尊重人民歷史主導(dǎo)地位的一致性，堅(jiān)持為崇高理想奮斗與廣大人民謀利益的一致性，堅(jiān)持完成黨的各項(xiàng)工作與實(shí)現(xiàn)人民利益的一致性。

3．美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制主要是圍繞著私人企業(yè)和以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向而建立起來的，在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)中，消費(fèi)者們?cè)诤艽蟪潭壬贤ㄟ^他們?cè)谑袌?chǎng)上花錢購(gòu)買他們最需要的貨物和設(shè)施來決定廠家該生產(chǎn)什么。

4．在經(jīng)濟(jì)加快發(fā)展的過程中，又出現(xiàn)一些新的矛盾，特別是投資規(guī)模偏大，部分行業(yè)和地區(qū)盲目投資，低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)比較嚴(yán)重，能源、交通和部分原材料供求關(guān)系緊張。

5．回顧過去一年，我們清醒地看到，在前進(jìn)道路上還有許多困難和問題，政府工作還有不少缺點(diǎn)，群眾還有一些不滿意的地方，多年積累的深層次矛盾從根本上解決還需要相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

KEY

Part A

科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維運(yùn)作的必要模式的表現(xiàn)：這種模式就是通過它來推理、論證所有的現(xiàn)象并給出精確的解釋。用普通的天平稱貨物的面包師與用精密天平的化學(xué)家在操作與方法上的區(qū)別并不是面包師的天平與化學(xué)家的天平在構(gòu)造上和工作原理上的不同，而只是后者是比前者精密得多的儀器，當(dāng)然也能得出比前者更準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果。

大概我們這兒沒有一個(gè)人在一天的過程中沒有機(jī)會(huì)作一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的推理，這種過程與科學(xué)家們探索自然現(xiàn)象的原因所經(jīng)歷的過程，雖然有著程度上的差異，但歸根結(jié)底還是一樣的。

Part B

1．Lotus comes out of ooze, yet remains stainless. If it were planted on dry land for fear that it would be stained by sullage, it would have withered away. It holds the same argument for life. Avoiding evil, ugliness, and wickedness can only prove a fragile soul of one's own．

2．All of us must stick at any time to the consistency of the respect to the law of social development and the dominant status of people in history, the struggle for the lofty ideal and pursuit of the masses' interest, the fulfillment of the tasks of the Party and the realization of people's interests．

3．The economic system of U. S. A．is mainly set up centering on the private enterprises and market orientation. In such kind of economic system, consumers can to a large extent determine what the manufacturers should produce by the purchase of the goods and facilities they need most on the market．

4．Some new conflicts emerge during the accelerating process of economic development, especially that the investment scale is too large; people invest blindly in some industries and areas; the problem of low-level duplicated construction is very serious; and the relationship between the supply and demand of resources, traffic and some raw materials is very intense．

5．Reviewing the passed year, we sober-mindedly realize that there are lots of difficulties and problems in the development process, and lots of flaws in the administration of the government. The masses are still dissatisfied with some aspects, and it will take a long time to fundamentally solve the deep-rooted conflicts accumulated for years．

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