2021考博英語詞匯語法題：定語從句

考博英語詞匯與語法題一般測試要求一般包括以下幾個(gè)：考生掌握詞匯、短語及基本語法概念的熟練程度；要求考生掌握并能正確運(yùn)用從事學(xué)術(shù)研究與交流所需要的語法知識；認(rèn)知15000詞，并且能正確、熟練地運(yùn)用其中的8000個(gè)單詞及其最基本的搭配。為幫助大家更好的復(fù)習(xí)這類題型，希賽網(wǎng)考博英語頻道為大家整理了“考博英語詞匯語法題常考知識點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：定語從句”，一起來練習(xí)下吧。

定語從句用法歸納

定語從句用來充當(dāng)句中定語的主謂結(jié)構(gòu);它主要用于修飾句子中的名詞、代詞。而定語從句的位置常常是緊跟在被修飾的名詞、代詞的后面。在被修飾的名詞、代詞與定語從句之間往往有一個(gè)關(guān)系詞將其前后兩部分聯(lián)系成一個(gè)整體，或是構(gòu)成一個(gè)名詞短語;或是構(gòu)成一個(gè)代詞短語。但從結(jié)構(gòu)上說，關(guān)系詞與從句是一個(gè)整體。排除句子的其他各部分，這種帶有定語從句的名詞短語或是代詞短語的構(gòu)成可演示如下：

1)three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack

三種意味著一個(gè)人是患有驚恐癥而不是心臟病的跡象在這個(gè)帶有定語從句的名詞短語中：

signs是：被修飾的名詞;

that是：關(guān)系詞;

that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定語從句

2)those who drink a lot 那些大量飲酒的人在這個(gè)帶有定語從句的代詞短語中：

those是：被修飾的名詞;

who是：關(guān)系詞;

who drink a lot是：定語從句通過上面的演示,我們可以歸納出定語從句在句子中的位置、結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

被修飾的名詞 / 代詞 + 關(guān)系詞 + 句子 (其中，"被修飾的名詞/代詞"在語法叫作"先行詞".)

要點(diǎn)提示：

1)"先行詞"與"關(guān)系詞"的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系"先行詞"與"關(guān)系詞"之間實(shí)質(zhì)上是互等、互換的關(guān)系。也就是說，關(guān)系詞的作用就是將先行詞所表達(dá)意義"代到"從句中來起作用。例如：

They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations (先行詞)where (關(guān)系詞)people normally would not be afraid .

他們常在人們一般不會感到害怕的情況下卻很容易感到恐懼或是感到不自在。

(本句中的關(guān)系詞where = 先行詞(in)situations 。如果把這個(gè)復(fù)合句拆成兩個(gè)分句，那就是：

They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations

people normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，"先行詞"與"關(guān)系詞"之間實(shí)質(zhì)上是互等、互換的關(guān)系)。 又例如：

Rude people are those (先行詞) whose (關(guān)系詞)behavior shows little respect

for the rules(先行詞) that(關(guān)系詞) the majority follows .

不講禮貌的人是指那些，他們的行為對大多數(shù)人所遵從的規(guī)則并不表示尊敬的人。

由此我們還可以看出，"先行詞"往往是分別重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)分句中的名詞或代詞。這也就是我們做定語從句的條件之必需。否則，"關(guān)系詞"就無法去替代"先行詞"而構(gòu)筑定語從句了。這個(gè)道理就如同我們在計(jì)算機(jī)上"做剪貼以前要先做復(fù)制"一樣。)

2)"先行詞"的意義決定"關(guān)系詞"的選擇"關(guān)系詞"的選擇往往是由"先行詞"自身表達(dá)的意義，以及它在從句中的語法功能而決定的。

這個(gè)意思就是說，假如"先行詞"自身表達(dá)的意義是表示"人的意義"或是"物的意義"，那么我們就相應(yīng)地選擇表示"人的意義"或是"物的意義"的"先行詞"。"先行詞" 在從句中的語法功能也是決定"關(guān)系詞"選擇的重要條件。比如說，同樣都是表示"人的意義"的"先行詞"，如果它在從句中作主語，"關(guān)系詞"就得用表示"人的意義"的主格形式，如果它在從句中作定語，"關(guān)系詞"就得用表示"人的意義"的所有格形式。另外，有時(shí)"先行詞"本身是表示事物的名詞，而它在從句中卻與介詞構(gòu)成了短語，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，在這種情況下，我們就應(yīng)該用"關(guān)系副詞"而不能用"關(guān)系代詞"了。例如：

Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .

有些在語言學(xué)習(xí)上很有成就的人,在其他領(lǐng)域常常一無所成。

In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.

我們班上有些家不在武漢市的同學(xué)。

There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .

有許多聲音有意義但不是詞。

Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .

如果把這個(gè)復(fù)合句拆成兩個(gè)分句，那就是：

tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom )

告訴他去我們常上英語課的那間教室。

定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

概念：

1. 定語從句在句子中作定語，也就是修飾名詞(或代詞)，這個(gè)被修飾的詞叫先行詞。

2.定語從句必須有先行詞，并盡量靠近先行詞。

3.在定語從句中，關(guān)系詞本身無固定的意義，其意義隨先行詞而定，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。

1. They are talking about things and persons ___ they knew when they were young. A. that B. which C. who D. whom

2. This is the man ___ last night. A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw C. which I saw D. who I saw him

3. The seventeenth century was one ___ many advances were made in science. A. that B. which C. where D. when

4. We travelled together as far as Chicago, ___ we parted. A. when B. which C. why D. where

5. The reason ___ I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Saturday. A. because B. why C. for D. as

6. Author Edith Wharton thoroughly understood the society ___. A. she had grown up in it B. which had she grown up in C. she had grown up D. in which she had grown up

7. This is one of the best books ___. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written

8. The first time ___ I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958. A. when B. where C. which D. that

9. Which of the two cows ___ you keep produces more milk? A. that B. which C. whom D. what

10. He met my brother, from ___ he got the news of my marriage. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose

11. Would you please put the book ___ it belongs? A. to whom B. to which C. into which D. where

12. Do you remember the name of the company ___? A. where she works at B. in which she works C. for which she works in D. in where she works

13. This is the most difficult book ___. A. what I have read it B. which I have read it C. I have read D. I have read it

14. The last place ___ was the Science Museum. A. we visited B. where we visited C. which we visited D. we went

15. All ___ you have to do is to press the button. A. what B. which C. for that D. that

16. Her opinion is the same ___ her mother’s. A. that B. as C. than D. like

17. Peter lives in the room ___ window opens to the south. A. whose B. that C. which D. /

18. Did she tell you anything ___ had happened to her? A. it B. that C. what D. which

19. I’ll never forget the days ___ we spent together five year ago. A. which B. when C. where D. how

20. July 1, 1921 was the day ___ the Communist Party of China was founded. A. that B. on which C. which D. on that

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