全國醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語統(tǒng)考必背作文范文（二）

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children who were breast-fed when they were babies perform better in school and score higher on standardized math and reading tests, a new study suggests. the study, published monday in the january issue of pediatrics, was based on a review of more than 1,000 children born in new zealand in 1977 and followed through age 18.

the authors, professors david m. fergusson and l. john horwood of christ church school of medicine, subscribe to the theory that fatty acids that are present in breast milk but not in formula promote lasting brain development. the authors found that the longer infants were breast-fed, the higher they scored in evaluations. some of the children were breast-fed less than four months, others four to seven months and some for eight months or more, while others were not breast-fed at all.

"it is concluded that breast-feeding is associated with small but detectable increases in child cognitive ability and educational achievement," said the report.

"these effects are pervasive, being reflected in a range of measures including standardized tests, teacher ratings and academic outcomes in high schools," it added.

the breast-fed children in the study tended to have mothers who were older, better-educated and wealthier. skeptics say those factors, rather than the breast milk itself, could explain the findings.

but the authors wrote that they adjusted for those factors.

"this study is wonderful because it has followed these children through young adulthood and it seems that it holds true right into adulthood," said barbara s. levine of cornell medical college.

the substance that makes breast-fed babies smarter is believed to be anomega 3 fatty acid called dha, found naturally in breast milk but not in formula sold in the united states.

"it is a very important structural fatty acid for both the brain and theretina," levine said."babies that are fed dha in the first year of life seem to do much better."

the american academy of pediatrics, which sponsors the journal pediatrics, just last month urged mothers to nurse longer-for at least one year, instead of the previously recommended six months-- for numerous reasons, including the presumed mental benefits.

new words （生詞）

standardized ['st?nd?da?zd]adj. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的

review [r??vju:]n. 復(fù)習(xí); 回顧

subscribe [s?b?skra?b] vt.& vi. 認(rèn)捐，捐贈(zèng)

evaluation[??v?lj?'e??n]n. 估價(jià);

cognitive ability [?k?ɡnitiv??biliti]認(rèn)知能力

pervasive[p??ve?s?v] adj. 普遍的

reflect[r??flekt]vt. 反射，反照

academic [??k??dem?k] adj. 學(xué)術(shù)的，學(xué)會(huì)的

adjust [??d??st]vt.& vi.適應(yīng)，調(diào)整，校正

brain [bre?n]n. 腦

retina [?ret?n?]n.視網(wǎng)膜;

sponsor [?sp?ns?（r）] v. 資助、贊助

urge [?:d?]vt. 催促; 推進(jìn)

presume [pr?z'ju:m]v. 以為，假定

new phrases （短語）

hold true vt. 適用，有效

omega 3 fatty acid 歐米加-3-脂肪酸（ω3脂肪酸）

american academy of pediatric 美國兒科學(xué)會(huì)

translations （翻譯）

一篇研究表明—在嬰幼兒時(shí)給予母乳喂養(yǎng)的兒童在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)力較好并在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)學(xué)及閱讀考試中的分?jǐn)?shù)較高。

研究被刊登在1月份的兒科學(xué)雜志上，此研究是對在1000多名于1977年新西蘭出生的兒童，并隨訪至18歲的長期研究的回顧總結(jié)。

這些作者davidm. fergusson and l. john horwood的教授來自于克萊斯特徹奇醫(yī)學(xué)院認(rèn)同存在于母乳中的脂肪酸能夠促進(jìn)持久的大腦發(fā)育，而此脂肪酸不存在配方奶中。作者發(fā)現(xiàn)嬰兒母乳喂養(yǎng)的時(shí)間越長，他們在評估中獲得的分?jǐn)?shù)越高。一部分兒童母乳喂養(yǎng)少于4個(gè)月，有的4至7個(gè)月，還有一些為8個(gè)月或更長，此外還有一部分兒童沒有母乳喂養(yǎng)。

這篇報(bào)告指出母乳喂養(yǎng)是與兒童的認(rèn)知能力及教學(xué)成績有關(guān)，雖然認(rèn)知和成績的提高較小但能被觀察到。

這篇文章補(bǔ)充到：這些作用是普遍的，主要體現(xiàn)在一系列的措施中，包括在高中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試、教師評級(jí)和學(xué)術(shù)成就。

在這篇研究中，母乳喂養(yǎng)的孩子的母親年齡偏大、教育程度高并有經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力。懷疑論者認(rèn)為是這些因素解釋了孩子的優(yōu)勢，而不是母乳本身。

但是作者回應(yīng)：他們（在研究中）已經(jīng)校正了這些因素。

來自康奈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院的barbaras. levine說到：這篇研究是令人驚奇的，因?yàn)樗S訪從兒童期至成年早期，同時(shí)它似乎同樣適用于成人期。

ω3脂肪酸（被稱為dha）被認(rèn)為是使母乳喂養(yǎng)的孩子更聰明的物質(zhì)，它天然地存在于母乳中而不存在于在美國出售的配方奶中。

levine說到：dha是一個(gè)對大腦及視網(wǎng)膜非常重要的脂肪酸，生后第一年被給予dha的嬰兒似乎會(huì)做的更好。 上個(gè)月美國兒科協(xié)會(huì)（主辦兒科學(xué)雜志）呼吁媽媽喂養(yǎng)母乳更長時(shí)間，至少1年，代替以前推薦的6個(gè)月，因?yàn)槟溉橛兄T多益處，包括有可能促進(jìn)智力方面發(fā)展。