2014年醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)作文真題

Part V. Writing (20%)

Directions: In 'this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay.

學(xué)會(huì)呼吸能長(zhǎng)壽

生命離不開(kāi)呼吸。人每分每秒都在進(jìn)行呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)，但你卻未必呼吸得正確。英國(guó)一項(xiàng)研究顯示，90%以上的成年人都不會(huì)有意識(shí)地調(diào)節(jié)呼吸。而據(jù)我國(guó)呼吸科希賽網(wǎng)統(tǒng)計(jì)，城市中一半以上人呼吸方式不正確，短淺的呼吸不僅讓許多人大腦缺氧，容易疲憊，而且還容易誘發(fā)多種疾病!

深呼吸的幾大好處

那么，做腹式深呼吸有哪些好處呢?首先，深呼吸能防治呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病。常見(jiàn)的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病包括慢性支氣管炎、哮喘、肺氣腫等。這些病人的肺部都處于無(wú)彈性和擴(kuò)張狀態(tài)，影響肺活量。而進(jìn)行深呼吸，能逐步增大肌肉收縮力，有利于胸、肺的有效擴(kuò)張，增強(qiáng)肋間肌活力，可以逐步恢復(fù)其彈性和肺活量，從而達(dá)到治療和緩解病情的目的。

再次，深呼吸能幫助人們減壓，緩解失眠癥狀。北京體育大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)教授陸一帆表示，人們主動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)呼吸的深度和頻率，就能有效放松繃緊的神經(jīng)，舒緩焦慮的心情。一些因?yàn)閴毫υ斐傻念i部疼痛，通過(guò)瑜伽時(shí)的呼吸練習(xí)，疼痛感將會(huì)減弱。失眠的人也可用呼吸法來(lái)幫助入睡。通過(guò)降低呼吸節(jié)奏、平緩呼吸，能減輕失眠癥狀。

其次，深呼吸還可防治高血壓。這是日本自治醫(yī)科大學(xué)北村渝教授試驗(yàn)的一種深呼吸降血壓法，其原理是人的肺部有被稱為肺泡的小袋狀物，大約有3億個(gè)。在一般呼吸的情況下，只有其中的80%~90%能充分地工作，剩下的肺泡處于浪費(fèi)狀態(tài)。如果采用深呼吸，就可以使剩下的肺泡工作起來(lái)。當(dāng)采用胸部深呼吸的時(shí)候，位于肺上部的肺泡開(kāi)放;而在腹式深呼吸時(shí)，肺下部的肺泡也打開(kāi)了。工作中所有的肺泡都在產(chǎn)生前列腺素，而且通過(guò)深呼吸還可使原來(lái)就在工作的80%~90%的肺泡產(chǎn)生比原來(lái)更多的前列腺素。這樣，更多的前列腺素進(jìn)入血管，從而使血管擴(kuò)張，血壓降低。每天早中晚三次，每次10分鐘就有效果。

最重要的是，深呼吸能促進(jìn)健康長(zhǎng)壽。美國(guó)學(xué)者希爾在《從呼吸索取生命力》一文中指出：“有控制地深呼吸練習(xí)，可使大腦盡快消除疲勞，可以調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，使人輕松舒暢。深呼吸之所以有這樣大的作用，在于正常人每次吸進(jìn)與呼出的氣體量只有400毫升~500毫升，而做一次最深的呼吸，男性可達(dá)到3500毫升，女性可達(dá)到2500毫升，相當(dāng)于通常吸氣的8倍，從而使生命獲得大量的能源?！?/p>

如何學(xué)會(huì)正確呼吸

怎樣才能學(xué)會(huì)正確呼吸呢?最關(guān)鍵的有兩點(diǎn)，陸一帆指出，一是要緩和吸，也就是吸氣的時(shí)候，要均勻緩慢，盡量深吸，讓氣體能充滿肺泡;二是要用力吐，吐得干凈，這樣才能將廢棄全部排出體外，保障交換的氣體多一些。最科學(xué)的呼吸方法為：“吸一停(屏氣10-20秒鐘)呼”的呼吸形式，可使副交感神經(jīng)興奮性增強(qiáng)，也可使腸鳴次數(shù)增加，有利于消化吸收，從而有益于健康長(zhǎng)壽。

龍村修提倡的呼吸法，則是以深長(zhǎng)的腹式呼吸為基礎(chǔ)，逐步使肺、肋骨、橫膈膜等肌肉群在呼吸時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)到最大幅度，讓空氣充滿肺部的“全體呼吸法”。“剛開(kāi)始雖要刻意練習(xí)，最終目標(biāo)卻是融入生活，各種姿勢(shì)和動(dòng)作都結(jié)合呼吸法去做?！饼埓逍薇硎?，如此將更能掌握身體的力量和節(jié)奏，提高效率。例如用呼吸法攀登高山時(shí)，比較不會(huì)出現(xiàn)頭痛等高山癥狀;打高爾夫揮桿能揮得更遠(yuǎn)。這種呼吸方法，在公車上、走路時(shí)、工作間隙，或者對(duì)著公園的樹(shù)都能練習(xí)。尤其面對(duì)突如其來(lái)的負(fù)面情境時(shí)，呼吸法更能適時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)身心、穩(wěn)定情緒。

摘要范文：

Learn to Breathe to Have a Long Life

Life cannot go without breathing,but you probably make a mistake when doing this.According to a British survey the statistics of Chinese respiratory medicine specialists,more than half of people do not breathe properly.What is worth recommendation is to breathe deeply.

What functions does abdominal deep breathing have?First of all,it can prevent respiratory system diseases,including asthma,chronic bronchitis emphysema pulmonum.Deep breathing can gradually enhance musclecontractility improve other functions to treat alleviate disease.

Secondly,deep breathing may help people relax reduce insomnia symptoms.Professor Lu Yifan,from sports medicine department of Beijing Sport University,says,deep breathing can effectively make strained nerves at ease,release anxiety,alleviate the pain help the sleepless go to sleep.

What's more,deep breathing will prevent,or even cure high blood pressure,which is the findings from a Japanese professor's experiment.It is found dep breathing can make al the pulmonary alveoli at work.If you breathe deply three times a day,respectively in the moming,at noon night, you will see the effect.

The most important thing is deep breathing can bring longevity.In Ask for Vitality from Breathing,the American scholar points out,practicing deep breathing with control can bring brain out of tiredness,regulate nerves system make people relaxed comfortable.It is all due to the fact that deepbreathing can inhale exhale far more gas than ordinary breathing.

How can we learm to breathe properly?

There are two key points,as Professor Lu suggests,one is to inhale as slowly,peacefilly deeply as possible,the other is to exhale completely so as to discharge all the waste gas out of your body.The most scientific breathing way is to inhale-pause (hold breath for 10 to 20 seconds)-exhale.The above three steps are beneficial for digestion absorption,thus doing favor in health.

Another way of breathing,proposed by Long Cunxiu,is founded on the abdominal model with deep long breathing,to put muscle groups concemed into biggest movement in breath.This is called“wholly breathing”.As Long suggests,this kind of breathing can be practiced everywhere at any time.especially faced with sudden negative emotions.It can help you the strength rhythm,improve efficiency,adjust mind body,stabilize mood.